MiR-122 exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

To investigate the effects of microRNA-122 (miR-122) on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) HONE-1 cells, and its correlation with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Human NPC cell line (HONE-1) was transfected with miR-122 inhibitor (anti-miR-122 group), negative controls (vector control group) via lipofectamines, and HONE-1 cell lines undergoing no transfection were selected (non-transfection group). The expression of miR-122, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expressions of PI3K/AKT pathway and downstream target proteins in the three groups were determined using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blotting, respectively. The expression of miR-122 in the anti-miR-122 group was significantly lower than corresponding expressions in the non-transfection and vector control groups after 48h of transfection (p <0.05). The proliferation of cells in the anti-miR-122 group was significantly reduced with time after transfection (p <0.05). After 48h of transfection, the extent of apoptosis in the anti-miR-122 group (47.11 ± 1.95%) was significantly higher than that in normal control (7.37 ± 0.82%) and vector control group (8.54 ± 0.96%; p <0.05). There were no significant differences in the expressions of PI3K, AKT, mTOR protein, and the downstream signal proteins (p70S6K and 4E-BP1) in the three groups (p >0.05). However, the expressions of phosphorylated forms of these proteins were significantly lower in the anti-miR-122 group than in the non-transfection and vector control groups (p <0.05). IF results revealed that there were no significant differences in the fluorescence intensity value of PI3K and Akt among the three groups of patients (p>0.05). Inhibition of the expression of miR-122 in NPC suppresses the proliferation, and promotes their apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway.

Postoperative analgesic effect of different doses of naloxone combined with butorphanol and psychological nursing intervention.

Cesarean section, as a stressor, inevitably produces negative emotions such as anxiety and may cause intraoperative discomfort and postoperative pain. Butorphanol is a commonly used analgesic in cesarean section. Butorphanol's postoperative analgesia can reduce the incidence of postoperative respiratory depression and play a good sedative effect. In this study, we observed the effect of the combination of naloxone and butorphanol on postoperatively analgesia. The result proved that the effect of naloxone and butorphanol on postoperative intravenous analgesia was significant, and the adverse effects of narcolepsy, dizziness, nausea and vomiting after operation were less. Medium concentration of naloxone and high concentration of naloxone had better effect on labor pain, but the adverse reaction rate of high concentration naloxone was higher. Therefore, we suggest that the concentration of naloxone should be 0.20~0.30 µg⋅kg-1⋅h-1. At the same time, research shows that good psychological nursing can obviously relieve patients' anxiety, and also has a certain effect on reducing pain during and after operation.

Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells may be used as clinicopathologic prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of dendritic cells (DCs) at different development status in endometrial carcinoma and their relationship with clinical pathology. METHODS: Samples were collected from 95 patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma treated in Peking University People's Hospital from 2002 to 2010. Normal endometrial tissue was obtained from 40 women and served as controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of S100-, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-, and CD1a-positive DCs within the tumor glandular epithelium, the surrounding tumor interstitial tissue, and the equivalent normal endometrial tissue. The relationship of these DCs with clinical stage, pathology grade, myometrial invasion, and lymph node metastasis was analyzed. RESULTS: The rate of S100-positive DCs in the endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma glandular epithelium samples from the 95 patients was 48.4% (46/95), and that of the HLA-DR-positive DCs was 27.4% (26/95), which were both significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. CD1a-positive DC was rarely expressed in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma glandular epithelium. The rates of the S100- and HLA-DR-positive DCs in tumor interstitial tissue were similar to that of the control group (both, P > 0.05). The proportion of invasion of the S100- and HLA-DR-positive DCs was negatively correlated with the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis but was not correlated with the pathological grade and myometrial invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Dendritic cell invasion was detected in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. S100- and HLA-DR-positive DCs may have functions related to the delay of tumor progression and lymph node metastasis.

De novo transcriptome sequencing in Salvia miltiorrhiza to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of active ingredients.

Medicinal Salvia miltiorrhiza is a Chinese herb commonly used for treating cardiovascular diseases and neuroasthenic insomnia. However, little is known at the genetics level about how its compounds are synthesized in that plant. Here, we obtained 56,774 unigenes (average length = 467 bases) in its transcriptome by performing Solexa deep sequencing over the entire growing cycle. Unigenes (34,340; 60.49%) were annotated and 2545 unigenes were assigned to specific pathways. Unigenes (1539) were identified as part of five major, secondary-metabolite pathways, covering almost all nodes in the phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways. Using Blast search against AGRIS, 1341 unigenes were found homologous to 686 Arabidopsis transcription factor genes. Real-time PCR was also used to verify the spatio-temporal expression patterns of several novel transcripts related to biosynthesis of active ingredients in that species. These results not only enrich the gene resource but also benefit research into its molecular genetics and functional genomics.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 42 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the effect of ubiquitin-specific protease 42(USP42)on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells(hASCs)in vivo and in vitro.Methods:A combina-tion of experiments was carried out with genetic depletion of USP42 using a lentiviral strategy.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining and quantification,alizarin red S(ARS)staining and quantification were used to determine the osteogenic differentiation ability of hASCs under osteogenic induction between the experimental group(knockdown group and overexpression group)and the control group.Quantitative re-verse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression levels of osteogenesis related genes in the experimental group and control group,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of osteogenesis related proteins in the experimental group and control group.Nude mice ectopic im-plantation experiment was used to evaluate the effect of USP42 on the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in vivo.Results:The mRNA and protein expressions of USP42 in knockdown group were significantly lower than those in control group,and those in overexpression group were significantly higher than those in control group.After 7 days of osteogenic induction,the ALP activity in the knockdown group was sig-nificantly higher than that in the control group,and ALP activity in overexpression group was significantly lower than that in control group.After 14 days of osteogenic induction,ARS staining was significantly deeper in the knockdown group than in the control group,and significantly lighter in overexpression group than in the control group.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of ALP,os-terix(OSX)and collagen type Ⅰ(COL Ⅰ)in the knockdown group were significantly higher than those in the control group after 14 days of osteogenic induction,and those in overexpression group were signifi-cantly lower than those in control group.The results of Western blotting showed that the expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2),OSX and COL Ⅰ in the knockout group were significant-ly higher than those in the control group at 14 days after osteogenic induction,while the expression levels of RUNX2,OSX and COL Ⅰ in the overexpression group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of subcutaneous grafts in nude mice showed that the percentage of osteoid area in the knockdown group was significantly higher than that in the control group.Conclusion:Knockdown of USP42 can significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in vitro and in vi-vo,and overexpression of USP42 significantly inhibits in vivo osteogenic differentiation of hASCs,and USP42 can provide a potential therapeutic target for bone tissue engineering.

A retrospective analysis of the assessment results of external quality control of fluoride testing laboratories in national endemic disease prevention and control institutions / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the external quality control assessment results of fluoride testing laboratories in endemic disease prevention and control institutions nationwide from 2006 to 2023, investigate the quality control capabilities of these laboratories in various provinces, prefectures, cities, and counties nationwide, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of surveillance data on endemic fluorosis nationwide.Methods:Using retrospective analysis, the external quality control assessment results of all participating fluoride testing laboratories of national endemic disease prevention and control institutions from 2006 to 2023 were summarized and analyzed. The assessment results from 2006 to 2008 were tested for outliers using Grubbs method, homogeneity of variance using Cochran method, excluding the assessment data of unqualified laboratories, calculating the total mean and total standard deviation, Z-score method was used to test the assessment of laboratories, and statistical analysis and judgment were done when the result of │Z│ < 3. The assessment results from 2009 - 2023 were obtained from all laboratories. In 2010, two tests were conducted in the first and second half of the year, and the Z-ratio scores of each laboratory were calculated using robust statistics. When │Z│≤2, the assessment was qualified; when 2 < │Z│ < 3, the assessment was basically qualified; when│Z│≥3, the assessment was unqualified, and the consensus value came from all participating laboratories in the assessment.Results:From the beginning of quality control operation in 2006 to 2023, the number of laboratories participated in external quality control assessments had significantly increased. The number of laboratories participated in water fluoride assessment increased from 30 in 2006 to 1 277 in 2023, and the number of laboratories participated in urine fluoride assessment increased from 29 to 497. The number of laboratories participated in the brick tea fluorine assessment had increased from 43 in 2014 to 193 in 2023. The assessment results showed that when │Z│ < 3, the total qualified rate of fluoride external quality control in fluoride testing laboratories of national endemic disease control institutions was 95.2%, with the lowest being 87.1% (27/31) in 2008 and the highest being 100.0% (394/394) in 2014. When │Z│≤2, the total feedback pass rate was 88.4%, with the lowest being 79.3% (288/363) in the first half of 2010 and the highest being 99.5% (392/394) in 2014. The assessment results showed that when │Z│ < 3, the total pass rate of urine fluoride external quality control in fluoride testing laboratories of national endemic disease control institutions was 98.0%, with the lowest being 86.2% (25/29) in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and the highest being 100.0% (68/68) in 2014. When │Z│≤2, the total qualification rate was 93.7%, with the lowest being 86.5% (64/74) in the second half of 2010 and the highest being 100.0% (68/68) in 2014. The assessment results showed that when│Z│ < 3, the total pass rate of extra-fluoride quality control of brick tea in fluoride testing laboratories of national endemic disease control institutions was 95.4%, with the lowest being 85.0% (164/193) in 2023, and the highest being 100.0% (43/43, 51/51, 79/79) in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. When │Z│≤2, the total pass rate was 89.2%, with the lowest being 72.7% (32/44) in 2017 and the highest being 100.0% (43/43) in 2014. From 2009 to 2023, there were a total of 21 provincial-level laboratories that passed the water fluoride detection assessment, including 3 provinces where all prefecture level and county-level laboratories were qualified. The assessment results of urinary fluorine showed that there were 11 qualified provincial-level laboratories and 1 prefecture-level laboratory. From 2014 to 2023, the assessment results of brick-tea fluorine showed that there were 5 provincial-level laboratories that passed the tea fluorine testing assessment and no prefecture-level laboratory.Conclusions:Conclusion: From 2006 to 2023, the number of fluoride testing laboratories participating in external quality control assessment has increased year by year, and most provincial, municipal and county-level laboratories have good fluoride testing capabilities, which can meet the testing needs of endemic disease prevention and monitoring. For some laboratories with problems, targeted rectification should be carried out to improve the quality of detection, in order to provide better technical support for the monitoring of endemic fluorosis areas.

Qualitative evaluation of Bupleuri Radix in different areas by UPLC fingerprint combined with Principle Component Analysis / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To establish the fingerprint of Bupleuri Radix with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method and combining Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the quality of Bupleuri Radix in different areas. Methods:Acquity UPLC BEH-C 18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) solution, gradient elution. The column temperature was 30 ℃, the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 200 nm, injection volume 5 μl. Results:There were 7 common peaks in the UPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of medicinal materials, and the similarity was 0.940-0.975. Through the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of three main component factors was 90.977%,and comprehensive score of S5 (Hubei) was the highest with the best quality.Conclusions:There are certain quality differences of different areas in Bupleuri Radix. Through the combination of fingerprint and principal component analysis, it can provide reference for quality control, development and application of Bupleuri Radix.

Screening of DNA methylation sites and construction of differential methylation profiles in human hepatic stellate cells fibrosis and autophagy induced by sodium arsenite / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze DNA methylation sites related to fibrosis and autophagy in human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2 cells) induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2), and to screen specific methylation genes related to fibrosis and autophagy. Methods:Genome-wide DNA detection was performed using Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChips (850K methylation chip) to derive differential methylation sites in LX-2 cells (control group) and the fibrosis and autophagy models of LX-2 cells induced by NaAsO 2(low, medium and high dose groups: the final concentrations were 5, 10, 15 μmol/L NaAsO 2, respectively, after 48 h intervention). Gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis were used to explore gene function. Results:The model of cell fibrosis and autophagy was established successfully in high dose group. The results of 850K methylation chip detection showed that there were 25 817 significant different methylation sites between the high dose group and the control group, including 12 083 hypermethylation sites and 13 734 hypomethylation sites. GO function enrichment analysis showed that the molecular functions of differentially methylated genes mainly included protein binding, ion binding, catalytic activity, enzyme binding. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pathways involved in differentially methylated genes mainly included metabolic pathway, cancer pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, endocytosis, and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In the promoter region, 11 and 29 differentially methylated genes related to fibrosis and autophagy were screened, respectively.Conclusions:A large number of differential methylation sites exist in the process of NaAsO 2 induced fibrosis and autophagy of LX-2 cells. Specific methylation genes related to fibrosis and autophagy are screened out.

Current main problems and countermeasures for prevention and control of endemic diseases in China / 中华地方病学杂志

Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China through implementation of the 12th and the 13th Five-Year National Plans for Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases and the Three-Year Action Plan for Special Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases. Based on the latest monitoring data of endemic diseases and the evaluation results of the control and elimination of endemic diseases of the 13th Five-Year Plan, this paper analyzed current main problems in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China, focusing on implementation of prevention and control measures for iodine deficiency disorders, endemic fluorosis, and endemic arsenicosis, as well as the treatment and management of patients. Accordingly, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from three aspects, including prevention and control mechanism, implementation of prevention and control measures, and scientific research, so as to provide scientific basis for the country and various regions to consolidate the achievements of prevention and control of endemic diseases and accurately implement the prevention and control measures of endemic diseases.

Pathological evaluation of 30 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after two neoadjuvant therapies / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the pathological differences of surgically resected specimens of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to different neoadjuvant therapies (neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and toripalimab combined with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy).Methods:Thirty patients diagnosed with advanced ESCC who underwent surgical operation after neoadjuvant therapy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from October 2020 to September 2021 were included. Among them, 15 patients received neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (radiochemotherapy group) and 15 patients were treated with toripalimab combined with radiochemotherapy (immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group). Surgically resected specimens were collected. The histopathological features of primary esophageal lesions and the responses of involved lymph nodes were analyzed and compared between two groups.Results:The major pathological response (MPR) rate in the radiochemotherapy group was 10/15, and 14/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.17). The pathological complete response (pCR) rate of the primary lesions in the radiochemotherapy group was 7/15, and 10/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.46). In the radiochemotherapy group, the incidence rate of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) was 7/15, and 12/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.02). The incidence rate of necrosis in the radiochemotherapy group was 6/15, and 1/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.03). In addition, the incidence rate of foam cell infiltration in the radiochemotherapy group was 6/15, and 13/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.01). Furthermore, the pCR rate of involved lymph nodes in the radiochemotherapy group was 7/33, and 11/12 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared with the radiochemotherapy group, the incidence of TLS and foam cell infiltration is higher, the incidence of necrosis is lower and clinical efficacy of involved lymph nodes is higher in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group, prompting that toripalimab combined with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy exert higher synergistic immune effect.

The feasibility of individualized primary CTV for lateralized nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of individualized primary clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:Clinical data of 87 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with lateralized NPC in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital between October 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Lateralized NPC is defined as tumor invasion not exceeding the contralateral wall. According to the tumor spread, the primary CTV was optimized as follows: CTV2 only covered the medial part of the contralateral pterygopalatine fossa, whereas the contralateral foramen oval was not included; on the level of parapharyngeal space, the contralateral side of CTV only covered the posterior lateral lymph nodes, whereas the contralateral internal jugular vein was not regularly covered. Failure patterns and 5-year survival [local control rate (LCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)] were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. Paired t-test and rank-sum test were used to analyze the dose variation in the optimized region and adverse reactions. Results:The median follow-up time was 59.5 months. The 5-year LCR, PFS, and OS were 98.9%, 86.5% and 92.1%, respectively. There was no local recurrence in the optimized area of CTV. Dosimetric comparison results showed that the doses of parotid gland, temporal lobe, cochlea and middle ear on the contralateral side were reduced by 13.45%, 9.14%, 38.83%, and 29.36%, respectively. Four cases (4.6%) developed grade 3 hearing loss, all on the ipsilateral side. The optimized scheme significantly alleviated the hearing loss on the contralateral side compared to that on the ipsilateral side ( P<0.001). Other grade 3 late adverse reactions included cranial nerve injury, subcutaneous fibrosis in the neck and visual impairment, with 1 case each. Conclusion:Individualized primary CTV for lateralized NPC is feasible and safe, with obvious dosimetric advantages and reduced adverse reaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Research progress on the effects of arsenic and high-fat diet exposure on diabetes in mice / 中华地方病学杂志

Inorganic arsenic is an environmental carcinogen. Arsenic exposure is closely related to diabetes. Obesity is an important risk factor for diabetes, and excess energy is the main cause of obesity. High-fat diet feeding is a common method of modeling obese animals. This paper reviews the research progress of diabetes induced by arsenic and the combined exposure of arsenic and high-fat diet in mice. It is found that the diabetes induced by arsenic in mice is mainly manifested in glucose intolerance, and arsenic can aggravate the glucose intolerance caused by high-fat diet, but the diabetes induced by arsenic and its mechanism are different from the typical type 2 diabetes caused by high-fat diet.

Safety risk assessment of fluoride in brick-tea and consideration and suggestions on its limit in China at the present stage / 中华地方病学杂志

Drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis is a kind of chronic fluorosis caused by excessive intake of fluoride into the body from long-term and high consumption of brick-tea, milk tea, butter tea, or other tea drinks with high fluoride content. It mainly distributes in seven western provinces of China, including Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In order to govern the production and sale of brick-tea and control the epidemic of drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis, the former Ministry of Health of China issued the national standard "Fluoride Content of Brick-tea" (GB 19965-2005) in 2005, which stipulated that the total amount of water-soluble inorganic fluorine in brick-tea should not exceed 300 mg/kg. In the past 20 years, the prevalence of drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis in China became clear gradually, and the habit of drinking brick-tea of residents in the epidemic fluorosis area also changed to some extent. In this paper, the dose-effect relationship between fluoride intake from brick-tea and skeletal fluorosis is reviewed, the brick-tea consumption of residents in the endemic fluorosis areas is analyzed, and the safety risk of brick-tea fluoride exposure is evaluated. It is suggested that the fluoride limit of brick-tea, ≤300 mg/kg, is still suitable for the prevention and control of drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis in China at the present stage.

Single Cell Traction Force Measured by Foldable Microplates / 医用生物力学

Objective To fabricate a foldable microplate for single cell culture and establish finite element model of the folding microplate, so as to calculate traction force of single cells during contraction in three-dimensional (3D) state.Methods The folding angle of the microplate casued by cell traction force was calculated. Then the relation between bending moment and folding angle as well as the relation between traction force and bending moment were derived by using finite element simulation, so as to realize the characterization of traction force for singel cell in 3D state.Results The folding angles of the microplate with HSF and MC3T3-E1 cells in 3D state were 73°-173° and 49°-138°, respectively. The single cell traction forces of HSF and MC3T3-E1 cells were 55-210 nN and 52-161 nN, respectively.Conclusions The proposed method for measuring traction force of single cells in 3D state by fabricating the foldable microplate for single cell culture will provide some references for further development of calculating traction forces in 3D cell adhesion, spreading and migration.

Achievement in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China in the past 10 years (2012-2021), challenges in the future and countermeasures / 中华地方病学杂志

In the past 10 years, remarkable progress has been made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China through implementation of the National Plan for Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases during the "12th Five Year Plan" and the "13th Five Year Plan" and the Three-year Action Plan for Tackling Key Problems in Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases. Based on analysis of the monitoring data of endemic diseases in China for 10 consecutive years, this paper summarized the progress made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China, discussed the main problems faced at present, and put forward key tasks of prevention and control of the diseases in the future.

Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with the marketed 11 sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism by Bayesian network meta-analysis system. Methods MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from the establishment of the database to 18 July 2020. The endpoint of the study was adverse cardiovascular events. The effect measures were hazard ratios (HR) and 95% credible intervals (CI). Results Compared with placebo, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes with HR and 95% CI ranging between 0.75(0.60-0.95)~0.90(0.82-0.99); The risk of heart failure was reduced by empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin, with HR and 95%CI ranging between 0.64(0.49-0.82)~0.74(0.65-0.85); Empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, exenatide, liraglutide and oral semaglutide reduced the incidence of all-cause mortality with HR and 95%CI ranging between 0.52(0.33-0.84)~0.89(0.80-0.99); Empagliflozin, canagliflozin, liraglutide and oral semaglutide can reduce the risk of cardiovascular death events, with HR and 95% CI ranging between 0.54(0.30-0.95)~0.83(0.71-0.96) . Conclusion The order of the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are canagliflozin (the best), empagliflozin, dulaglutide, liraglutide; for patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. The order of the cardiovascular benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure are empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, and dapagliflozin.

Achievements, main experiences, challenges and suggestions on control of endemic diseases in China in the last decade / 中华地方病学杂志

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have paid great attention to the prevention and control of endemic diseases. Through the implementation of the prevention and control measures of endemic diseases, especially the implementation of the "Six Major Actions" to tackle key problems in "three years' project", all kinds of diseases have met the relevant requirements. The prevention and control of endemic diseases in China has achieved remarkable results and made historic achievements. However, risk challenges remain. At present, there are still some problems in the management and treatment of patients with iodine deficiency disorders, water-borne iodine excess goiter, drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis and drinking tea-borne endemic fluorosis in China, which need to be solved by strengthening the prevention and control efforts.

Effects of dietary nutrients on arsenic toxicity / 中华地方病学杂志

Environmental arsenic exposure is a worldwide public health problem. Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic is closely related to diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and malignant tumors. Different dietary structure and intake of certain specific nutrients may have important effects on the pathogenic effect of arsenic. This article summarizes the effects of dietary nutrients on arsenic toxicity, providing reference for the follow-up arsenic toxicity research and reducing the risk of arsenic-related diseases through nutritional intervention.

Analysis on the funding of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of endemic diseases from 2010 to 2019 / 中华地方病学杂志

Funding of research projects within the category of Endemiology (H2401) funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2010-2019 was summarized in this paper. Granted projects were categorized and analyzed based on the funding type, support institute and disease classification. The characteristics and trends of granted projects supported by NSFC were analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for researchers to apply for projects in the future.

Clinical efficacy of gabapentin or topiramate combined with venlafaxine in the treatment of chronic migraine with anxiety disorder / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of gabapentin or topiramate combined with venlafaxine in the treatment of chronic migraine patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Methods:From June 2018 to February 2020, 127 patients with chronic migraine complicated with generalized anxiety disorder in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were selected. The patients were divided into gabapentin combined with venlafaxine group (observation group, 64 cases) and topiramate combined with venlafaxine group (control group, 63 cases) according to the random number table method, and all patients were treated for 6 months. The headache attack days per month, headache visual analogue scale (VAS), migraine specific quality of life questionnaire V2.1 (MSQ V2.1), headache impact measurement-6 (HIT-6) score, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score were recorded before treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results:In observation group, 57 cases completed 3 months of treatment, and 53 cases completed 6 months of treatment. In the control group, 56 cases completed 3 months of treatment, and 50 cases completed 6 months of treatment. The headache attack days per month, headache VAS, HIT-6 and PSQI 3 and 6 months after treatment in 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, observation group: (16.31 ± 5.02) and (15.69 ± 6.31) d vs. (22.62 ± 3.27) d, (3.67 ± 1.60) and (1.91±1.05) scores vs. (5.09 ± 1.43) scores, (49.34 ± 11.01) and (47.34 ± 9.05) scores vs. (60.25 ± 11.61) scores, (10.09 ± 2.81) and (9.68 ± 2.74) scores vs. (13.50 ± 2.81) scores; control group: (14.58 ± 7.37) and (9.92 ± 5.07) d vs. (23.05 ± 5.24) d, (4.74 ± 1.15) and (3.16 ± 1.60) scores vs. (5.90 ± 2.06) scores, (42.77 ± 8.02) and (40.09 ± 9.72) scores vs. (59.37 ± 9.08) scores, (9.66 ± 2.71) and (8.62 ± 2.07) scores vs. (14.61 ± 2.79) scores, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The headache VAS 3 and 6 months after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The functional limitations, function loss, emotional function scores and total score of MSQ V2.1 3 and 6 months after treatment in 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, observation group: (17.62 ± 9.81) and (16.01 ± 5.73) scores vs. (36.96 ± 9.55) scores, (12.17 ± 5.60) and (11.09 ± 3.27) scores vs. (17.06 ± 6.08) scores, (8.42 ± 2.17) and (8.94 ± 1.90) scores vs. (11.40 ± 4.09) scores, (33.24 ± 9.61) and (28.62 ± 5.04) scores vs. (62.75 ± 14.02) scores; control group: (17.08 ± 8.73) and (16.79 ± 5.19) scores vs. (36.82 ± 9.68) scores, (9.04 ± 4.48) and (8.90 ± 3.46) scores vs. (17.26 ±6.01) scores, (6.92 ± 2.61) and (5.15 ± 1.74) scores vs. (11.30 ± 5.47) scores, (31.65 ± 9.17) and (30.66 ± 6.04) scores vs. (62.91 ± 11.18) scores, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the effective rate and the incidence of adverse drug reactions 3 and 6 months after treatment between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Gabapentin or topiramate combined with venlafaxine can reduce the degree of headache in chronic migraine patients with generalized anxiety disorder, reduce the number of headache days per month, improve sleep and improve the quality of life. However, the adverse reactions of gabapentin still need to be paid more attention.