Large aperture PPMgLN based high-power optical parametric oscillator at 3.8 µm pumped by a nanosecond linearly polarized fiber MOPA.

We report a large aperture PPMgLN based OPO generating 21W of average output power at a slope efficiency of 45%. The OPO is pumped with the output from a polarization maintaining Ytterbium doped fiber MOPA operating at 1060nm producing 20ns pulses at a repetition rate of 100kHz and an average output power of 58W (after the isolators). A maximum of 5.5W of optical power was recorded at the idler wavelength of 3.82µm without thermal roll-off. The pulse rise/fall time plays a significant role in the OPO conversion efficiency and that further enhancements in the efficiency should be possible using pulses with faster rise and fall times.

High-power, high repetition-rate, green-pumped, picosecond LBO optical parametric oscillator.

We report on a picosecond, green-pumped, lithium triborate optical parametric oscillator with record-high output power. It was synchronously pumped by a frequency-doubled (530 nm), pulse-compressed (4.4 ps), high-repetition-rate (230 MHz), fiber-amplified gain-switched laser diode. For a pump power of 17 W, a maximum signal and idler power of 3.7 W and 1.8 W was obtained from the optical parametric oscillator. A signal pulse duration of ~3.2 ps was measured and wide tunability from 651 nm to 1040 nm for the signal and from 1081 nm to 2851 nm for the idler was achieved.

Selective excitation of multiple Raman Stokes wavelengths (green-yellow-red) using shaped multi-step pulses from an all-fiber PM MOPA.

We report a rapidly tunable, wavelength agile fiber laser system capable of the synchronous generation of sequences of pulses with different wavelengths in the visible region of the spectrum using stimulated Raman scattering of multi-step pump pulses in a 250 m length of fiber. The frequency doubled output of a single polarization all-fiber Yb-doped MOPA operating at 1060 nm was used as the pump source. By adjusting the pump power and the pulse profiles we achieved the sequential excitation of green (1st Stokes), yellow (4th Stokes) and red light (6th Stokes) using 3-step pulses, or the combination of any two using 2-step pulses. The wavelength switching time was <5 ns and was limited only by the pulse shaping drive electronics.

Tunable synchronously-pumped fiber Raman laser in the visible and near-infrared exploiting MOPA-generated rectangular pump pulses.

We report a tunable synchronously pumped fiber Raman laser (SPFRL) in the near-infrared (NIR) and visible wavebands pumped by a pulsed, all-fiber PM 1060 nm master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) and its frequency-doubled output, respectively. The seed was adaptively shaped to deliver rectangular output pulses, thereby enabling selective excitation of individual Raman Stokes lines. Using filtered synchronous feedback of the desired Raman Stokes line, the linewidth of the SPFRL was reduced by a factor of 4 and the extinction ratio of the desired Raman Stokes was improved by more than 3 dB relative to a simple single-pass conversion scheme. A continuous tuning range of 2.2 THz was obtained for each of the Raman Stokes orders in the visible (spanning from green to orange-first to fifth Stokes lines). A larger 5.0 THz tunable range was achieved in the NIR spectral region.

Polarisation maintaining 100W Yb-fiber MOPA producing microJ pulses tunable in duration from 1 to 21 ps.

This paper demonstrates a single polarisation, 1.06 microm Yb-doped fiber MOPA, delivering 21 ps pulses in a diffraction limited beam at repetition rates of up to 908 MHz and average output power of 100 W. The maximum pulse energy was 1.7 microJ at a repetition rate of 56 MHz, with corresponding peak power of 85 kW. The 100 W power was limited by available diode pump power and scaling to higher power levels is discussed. We also report self-phase-modulation based pulse compression which produced pulse durations as short as 1.1 ps from an external grating compressor. Using 4.2 ps pulses at a repetition rate of 227 MHz enabled 26 W of visible laser power (50% SHG efficiency) to be demonstrated.

Picosecond fiber MOPA pumped supercontinuum source with 39 W output power.

We report a picosecond fiber MOPA pumped supercontinuum source with 39 W output, spanning at least 0.4-2.25 microm at a repetition rate of 114.8 MHz. The 2m long PCF had a large, 4.4 microm diameter core and a high-delta design which led to an 80% coupling efficiency, high damage threshold and rapid generation of visible continuum generation from the picosecond input pulses. The high and relatively uniform power density across the visible spectral region was approximately 31.7 mW/nm corresponding to peak power density of approximately 12.5 W/nm for the 21 ps input pulses. The peak power density was increased to 26.9 W/nm by reducing the repetition rate to 28 MHz. This represents an increase in both average and peak power compared to previously reported visible supercontinuum sources from either CW pumped or pulsed-systems.

High power pulsed fiber MOPA system incorporating electro-optic modulator based adaptive pulse shaping.

We demonstrate active pulse shaping using an Electro-Optic Modulator in order to compensate the pulse shaping effects caused by Gain Saturation in a high power Yb doped fiber amplifier chain and to generate various custom-defined output pulse shapes. Square, step and smooth pulse shapes are achieved, with mJ pulse energies. Use of a modulator to shape pulses rather than direct modulation of the diode drive current allows us to eliminate undesired transients due to laser start up dynamics. The required shaping is calculated based on a simple measurement of amplifier performance, and does not require detailed modeling of the amplifier dynamics.

Heterodyne Fourier transform spectrometer for the near- infrared region.

A Fourier transform spectrometer with heterodyne modulation achieved by a moving diffraction grating has been developed for the near-infrared (NIR) region. The grating simultaneously acts as a beam splitter and a modulator, which realizes the optical frequency shift of incident light for increasing the sensitivity of measurements by the heterodyne detection technique. The differences in diffraction angle among broad spectra are compensated by a collimating mirror and plane mirrors. The proposed spectrometer is used for the measurements of spectra in the NIR region. The signal-to-noise ratio of measurements is improved sevenfold with a heterodyne modulation of 410 Hz. As examples, this spectrometer is applied for quantitative calibration and discrimination of organic solutions. The measurement of transmission spectra of a grape is also demonstrated.

High stability multiplexed fiber interferometer and its application on absolute displacement measurement and on-line surface metrology.

We propose a self-reference multiplexed fiber interferometer (MFI) by using a tunable laser and fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The optical measurement system multiplexes two Michelson fiber interferometers with shared optical path in the main part of optical system. One fiber optic interferometer is used as a reference interferometer to monitor and control the high accuracy of the measurement system under environmental perturbations. The other is used as a measurement interferometer to obtain information from the target. An active phase tracking homodyne (APTH) technique is applied for signal processing to achieve high resolution. MFI can be utilized for high precision absolute displacement measurement with different combination of wavelengths from the tunable laser. By means of Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM) technique, MFI is also capable of realizing on-line surface measurement, in which traditional stylus scanning is replaced by spatial light-wave scanning so as to greatly improve the measurement speed and robustness.

Three-dimensional particle imaging by defocusing method with an annular aperture.

We propose an annular-aperture-based defocusing technique for three-dimensional (3D) particle metrology from a single camera view. This simple configuration has high optical efficiency and the ability to deal with overlapped defocused images. Initial results show that an uncertainty in depth of 23 microm can be achieved over a range of 10 mm for macroscopic systems. This method can also be applied in microscopy for the measurement of fluorescently doped microparticles, thus providing a promising solution for 3D flow metrology at both macroscales and microscales.

Step-height measurement by means of a dual-frequency interferometric confocal microscope.

A novel instrument, the dual-frequency interferometric confocal microscope (DICM), which facilitates the measurement of step features, is investigated. It combines the advantages of the high resolution (subnanometer) of heterodyne interferometry and the relatively large measurement range (approximately 5 microm) of confocal microscopy. The axial response curves of the confocal microscopy system are compared in experiments in which microscopic objects with various numerical apertures and magnifications are used. The results prove that the variation in light intensity is enough to permit discrimination of different orders of interference fringes. The DICM has been successfully utilized to measure the step height of a standard mask, and the experimental results agree well with those measured by scanning probe microscopes. The results also show that the system has good repeatability, with a maximum deviation of 5 nm.