Modified Nishida Procedure Combined with Lateral Rectus Disabling for Duane Retraction Syndrome.

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a complex congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder. The choice of surgical procedure in esotropic-DRS depends upon several factors that include: the amount of esotropia in the primary position, the presence and severity of palpebral fissure narrowing, globe retraction, presence of medial rectus muscle (MR) contracture, the likelihood of improving abduction, age of the patient, and the presence of binocularity and stereopsis. In the presence of MR contracture, MR recession is performed either alone (unilaterally or bilaterally) or in conjunction with Y splitting plus recession of the lateral rectus muscle (LR) for reducing globe retraction. MR recession, with or without adjustable sutures, may be simultaneously combined with partial thickness vertical rectus muscle transposition (VRT) or with superior rectus muscle transposition (SRT). We describe a novel combination of surgical procedures in the management of esotropic-DRS in two patients. In our first patient, following an initial MR recession combined with LR disinsertion and periosteal fixation (LRDAPF), a modified Nishida procedure was performed. In our second patient following a prior simultaneous MR recession and LR Y splitting with recession, we combined periosteal fixation of the LR with a modified Nishida procedure of the vertical rectus muscles.

Enlightening from optimizing post-authorization safety monitoring system of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in major economies worldwide / 中华预防医学杂志

Ongoing global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has promoted the unprecedented rapid development and large-scale rolling out of different platform-based COVID-19 vaccines worldwide. How to effectively respond to the expected scale increasing adverse events after vaccination campaign of COVID-19 vaccines is a common problem faced by the world. A lot of countries and regions around the world have arranged in advance at different levels, optimizing the original vaccine safety monitoring system from the perspectives of strengthening the foundation and capabilities, promoting internal and external cooperation, upgrading methods, as well as improving transparency and public communication, which has ensured the good and efficient operation of the system and can provide reference for the construction of relevant fields in China.