Epidemiological, clinical and economic burden of severe eosinophilic asthma in Taiwan: Results from a large tertiary care hospital.

BACKGROUND: Burden of severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) data in Asia are limited. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective, observational study characterized SEA epidemiology, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs for adult patients in Taiwan. METHODS: Data from Taichung Veterans General Hospital electronic medical record database, between 2013 to 2016, were extracted. Eligible general asthma patients were ≥ 18 years at index date, with ≥ 1 medical claim with an asthma diagnosis after the index date. Patients with SEA (meeting additional criteria: Global Initiative for Asthma Step 4/5 treatment guidelines [within 3 months preceding index date], ≥ 2 clinically significant exacerbations, and eosinophil counts ≥ 300 cells/µL [within 12 months preceding index date] or ≥ 150 cells/µL [on index date]) and SEA patients using high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (HD ICS) were also identified. Twelve months' pre-index data were used to evaluate exacerbation frequency, treatment patterns, HCRU, and costs (2016 US Dollars). RESULTS: Of 2,601 eligible general asthmatic patients, 162 (6.2%) met predefined criteria for SEA; of SEA patients, 72/162 (44.4%) had used HD ICS. SEA and HD ICS SEA patients experienced more clinically significant exacerbations than general asthma patients (1.6 ± 3.3 and 1.5 ± 2.6 vs 0.6 ± 2.0, p < 0.01). HD ICS SEA and SEA patients incurred at least 2-2.5-fold higher total asthma-related and all-cause costs than general asthma patients and had significantly greater HCRU. CONCLUSIONS: Of eligible Taiwanese general asthma patients, 6.2% met predefined SEA criteria. Compared with general asthma patients, SEA and HD ICS SEA patients used more respiratory medications, experienced more exacerbations, and incurred greater HCRU and higher costs.

Correction: Therapeutic DNA vaccine attenuates itching and allergic inflammation in mice with established biting midge allergy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232042.].

The impact of body weight management in chronic kidney disease patients with obesity.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity are important public health concerns. Because obesity may initiate and/or accelerate kidney damage, weight control may benefit CKD patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined the influence of dietary management and physical exercise in 38 obese CKD patients with or without target reduction of body weight 3% or more from baseline. RESULTS: After a 2-month lifestyle intervention program, those with target body weight control had significant improvement of blood pressure control, as well as reduced lipid profiles, serum creatinine level (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3; P < .001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (75.9 ± 21.2 vs. 104.9 ± 38.1; P < .001), and proteinuria (76.3% vs. 50.0%; P = .02). They had greater improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance in an 800-m running test (375.1 ± 64.7 vs. 327.1 ± 84.0 seconds; P = .001), better abdominal muscle strength and endurance in a timed sit-up test (13.6 ± 9.1 vs. 19.9 ± 9.2 number/minute; P = .005), and greater flexibility in a sit-and-reach test (18.8 ± 10.9 vs. 27.8 ± 10.9 cm; P < .001) comparing baseline and postintervention values. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of dietary management and exercise were associated with improvements in health-related physical fitness, cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure and lipid control), and renal profiles in obese CKD patients. Supportive individualized programs for lifestyle change could exert beneficial effects, but long-term research with a larger patient population is needed to elucidate the optimal effective combination of dietary management and exercise.

A quality improvement initiative for patients with chronic kidney disease to promote their smoking cessation.

Cigarette smoking is a critical issue in caring for patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is no routine care program designed for combining both smoking cessation and CKD care. The process of our quality improvement (QI) collaboration used data under our routine payment-for-performance for pre-end-stage renal disease (P4P Pre-ESRD) in Taichung Veterans General hospital from 2020 to 2022. We share our experience with a QI project that integrates the Ottawa model for smoking cessation (OMSC) with the Pre-ESRD care program as part of routine CKD care. The electronic health information systems were improved to reduce workload of medical staff. The number was more for both qualified CKD educators and nephrologists for smoking cessation. The access and availability for smoking cessation were immediate and convenient for patients. Specifically, all the actions were performed by CKD educators, with nephrologists overseeing the process in routine care. By combining OMSC with the Pre-ESRD program, we were able to provide smokers with satisfactory access and availability to smoking cessation services within our healthcare facility. The smoker cases found were more in number (206 in 2020, 344 in 2021, and 421 in 2022). Before the integrated OSTC-Pre-ESRD program (in 2020), the proportion of smokers was 3.88%. After implementing the integrated program, smokers increased significantly on a yearly basis (9.69% in 2021 and 9.82% in 2022). Finally, case numbers of on-site smoking cessations increased significantly after implementing the integrated system (0 in 2020, 17 in 2021, and 20 in 2022). All CKD patients for smoking cessation were also more (8 in 2020, 46 in 2021, and 38 in 2022). After implementing the QI program, focusing on the integrated OMSC-Pre-ESRD program, we found more smokers undergoing smoking cessation. This QI program highlighted the importance of better access and availability for smoking cessation.

Therapeutic DNA vaccine attenuates itching and allergic inflammation in mice with established biting midge allergy.

Forcipomyia taiwana is a tiny hematophagous midge that attacks en masse. It is responsible for the most prevalent biting insect allergy in Taiwan. For t 2 is its major allergen. The intense itchy reactions can prevent allergic individuals from performing their regular daily outdoor activities. This study aimed to investigate whether the For t 2 DNA vaccine was effective in treating mice with established biting midge allergy. Mice were sensitized with recombinant For t 2 proteins or whole midge extracts. Two to four consecutive shots of various concentrations of For t 2 DNA vaccine, with or without CpG adjuvants, were then administered to midge-sensitized mice. Mice that received two shots of 50-100 µg For t 2 DNA vaccine showed a significant reduction in allergen-induced bouts of scratching, For t 2-specific IgE, specific IgG1/IgG2a ratio in sera, skin eosinophil infiltration, and IL-31 production, as well as IL-4 and IL-13 production by splenocytes. Two doses of For t 2 DNA vaccine one week apart was sufficient to treat mice with established biting midge allergy. The treatment resulted in clinical, immunological, and histopathological improvements. We recommend that this low-cost, convenient treatment strategy be developed for use in humans who are allergic to biting midges.

A rapid method of detecting autoantibody against FcεRIα for chronic spontaneous urticaria.

BACKGROUND: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CU) is a common skin disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 0.5-1.8% in most populations. Around 30-50% of CU patients have an autoimmune etiology, with autoantibodies (autoAbs) against IgE, FcεRIα, and FcεRII/CD23. Although the in vivo autologous serum skin test (ASST) and in vitro histamine release/activation assay are the most frequently used screening methods, these two have many limitations and do not directly measure susceptible autoAbs. This study aimed to establish an in vitro rapid screening test using recombinant autoantigen FcεRIα(rFcεRIα) to improve the diagnosis of autoimmune urticaria. METHODS: Forty patients with CU and 20 healthy individuals were enrolled. After PCR-based cloning and the production of extracellular fragments of the FcεRIα protein using the E. coli expression system, serum autoAb to rFcεRIα was evaluated using in-house ELISA and rapid immunodot test. RESULTS: In ELISA-based detection, 14 out of 20 CU-ASST(+) patients exhibited anti- FcεRIα responses, whereas five of the 20 CU-ASST(-) and two of the 20 non-CU patients showed autoantibody background in the assay. For the immunodot test, 55% (11/20) of the CU-ASST(+) sera exhibited anti-FcεRIα reactivity. There was no false positive among the CU-ASST(-) and non-CU groups. Using clinical urticaria plus ASST(+) as the gold standard, in-house ELISA had 70% sensitivity, 82.5% specificity, and positive likelihood ratio of 4, while immunodot had 55% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and positive likelihood ratio >55. CONCLUSIONS: This study has developed a rapid immunodot method with high specificity for detecting autoAb to FcεRIαin patients with CU. Preliminary data indicates that this immunodot technique has the potential to be a routine diagnostic assay for autoimmune CU.