Three-dimensional replica of the temporal bone in the teaching of human anatomy.

PURPOSE: The current study proposes the comparison of the visualization and identification of anatomical details between natural human temporal bone, its respective copy from three-dimensional printing, and the virtual model obtained from CBCT. METHODS: The sample consisted of undergraduate students in Dentistry (Group UE, n = 22), Postgraduate students in Radiology and Imaging (Group P-RI, n = 20), and Postgraduate students in Forensic Odontology (Group P-FO, n = 24). All participants attended a theoretical class on specialized anatomy of the temporal bone and subsequently performed the markings of 10 determined structures. RESULTS: The number of correct identifications was similar in natural bone and printed three-dimensional models in all groups (p > 0.05). The virtual model showed a significantly lower number of correct structures (p < 0.05) in the 3 groups. In general, there were significantly higher percentages of accurate answers among postgraduate students compared to undergraduate students. Most graduate students believed that the printed three-dimensional model could be used to teach anatomy in place of natural bone, while undergraduate students disagreed or were unsure (p < 0.05). Regarding the virtual tomographic image, in all groups, students disagreed or were not sure that its use would be beneficial in replacing natural bone. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional and virtual models can be used as auxiliary tools in teaching anatomy, complementing practical learning with natural bones.

The Vocal Repertoire of the Bearded Capuchin (Cebidae: Sapajus libidinosus): Implications for Understanding the Complexity of Neotropical Primate Communication.

Vocal communication is an essential aspect of primate social behaviour. The bearded capuchin Sapajus libidinosus is endemic to Brazil, and some studies have described specific vocalisation types for this species; however, there is still no complete description of its vocal repertoire. Thus, this study aimed to describe the vocal repertoire of a group of S. libidinosus living in theParque Nacional de Brasília, a protected area in the Cerrado area of Central Brazil. We carried out focal samplings and recording of vocalisations of members of an S. libidinosus troop in different behavioural contexts. The call analyses revealed 25 different types of vocalisations, and each call presented significant structural variation. We grouped these vocalisations according to the context of the emission or acoustic structure into the following categories: contact calls (contact note, infant babbling, trill, teeth- and lip-smacking, and sirena); foraging calls (chihui, grgr, and patinado); whistle series (food-associated, long-distance, and intergroup encounter); aggressive calls (aggressive contact note, ascending rapid staccato, cough cough, and pip); calls in response to aggression (scream, squeal, and pulsed scream), sexual display calls (chuck and raspy oestrous call), and stress-related calls (alarm call/bark, hiccup, hip, double hip, and wah wah). S. libidinosus presented a very rich vocal repertoire, revealing a pattern consistent with the repertoire of other capuchin monkey species. This is the first comprehensive description of the S. libidinosus vocal repertoire and highlights the complexity of neotropical primate communication.

Chronic effects of carbamazepine on zebrafish: Behavioral, reproductive and biochemical endpoints.

Carbamazepine (Cbz), one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world is often detected in surface waters and sediments. However, few studies addressed its chronic effects in fish. In the present study, Danio rerio adults were exposed for 63 days to Cbz (0 - control, 10 µg L-1 - concentration found in effluents, and 10,000 µg L-1 - 5% of LC50 at 72 h). Assessed endpoints were: feeding behavior, growth rate, number of eggs produced and their viability, histological alterations in female gonads, and biochemical biomarkers associated with antioxidant defenses (catalase - CAT, and glutathione S-transferase - GST activities), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity - AChE) and metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase - LDH). Cbz exposure increased the total time for food intake but did not affect D. rerio growth. Although the total number of eggs was not affected by Cbz exposure, the eggs viability was significantly impaired. Exposure to Cbz caused alterations in the female gonads follicular stages. In terms of biochemical endpoints, CAT activity in liver and gills, was sensitive to the pharmaceutical exposure presenting a decreased activity. AChE activity was induced in the head (both concentrations) and muscle (10,000 µg L-1). GST activity was increased in gills (both concentrations) but inhibited in the intestine. Concerning LDH, enzymatic activity was increased in the liver and decreased in muscle and gills. Several of the above-mentioned effects can be directly linked with effects at population level (e.g. feeding behavior) and occurred at environmental concentrations (the lowest concentration tested), thus serious concerns regarding risks posed by Cbz residues to fish populations arise with this study.

Adolescent Peer Relations and Socioemotional Development in Latin America: Translating International Theory into Local Research.

Peer relations constitute a main developmental context for adolescents. Peers offer an instance for identity definition and set the norms of acceptable and valued characteristics, behaviors, and attitudes, representing a societal model that allows and restrains avenues for adolescents' socioemotional development. The present article departs from these considerations to review research on adolescents' peer relations in Latin America from a socioemotional perspective. First, approaches to adolescence are discussed, with a main focus on attachment and identity theories, based on a bioecological framework. Then, a review of research in Latin America on friendships, school climate, and intergroup relations is presented. The discussion addresses the tension between theories and evidence generated in developed societies and highlights the particularities of Latin American youth, stressing the need for collecting local data.

Psychometric evaluation of the Intersectional Discrimination Index for use in Brazil.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the configural and metric structures of the Intersectional Discrimination Index (InDI), an instrument that measures anticipated (InDI-A), dat-to-day (InDI-D), and major (InDI-M) discrimination. Data from a broader study, focused on the impacts of discrimination on the mental health of women living in Brazil, were used. Approximately 1,000 women, selected according to a convenience sampling scheme, answered the InDI and questions about sociodemographic characteristics in an electronic form that was administered in 2021. Exploratory factor analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling were applied to the first half of the sample; for the second, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Taken together, the findings suggest that each of the three measures is one-dimensional. However, unlike the study that originally proposed the InDI for use in Canada and the United States, we observed the presence of residual correlations in the three subscales evaluated, all of which were suggestive of content redundancy between specific pairs of items. The three measures showed moderate to strong factor loadings and acceptable fit to the data. InDI exhibited reasonable internal validity, potentially becoming a valuable instrument for investigating the health effects of intersectional discrimination in Brazil. Future studies should evaluate the consistency of these findings, examine the scalar structure of the instrument, and analyze its invariance among different marginalized groups.

Multilevel assessment of carbamazepine effects: An integrative approach using zebrafish early-life stages.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most commonly used drug in epilepsy treatment, and its metabolites are commonly detected among persistent pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to investigate CBZ effects on early-life-stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) (from 2 to 168 hpf) by employing of an integrative approach linking endpoints from molecular to individual level: (i) development; (ii) locomotor activity; (iii) biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase) and (iv) transcriptome analysis using microarray. A 168 h - LC50 of 73.4 mg L-1 and a 72 h - EC50 of 66.8 mg L-1 for hatching were calculated while developmental effects (oedemas and tail deformities) were observed at CBZ concentrations above 37.3 mg L-1. At the biochemical level, AChE activity proved to be the most sensitive parameter, as evidenced by its decrease across all concentrations tested (∼25% maximum reduction, LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) < 0.6 µg L-1). Locomotor behaviour seemed to be depressed by CBZ although this effect was only evident at the highest concentration tested (50 mg L-1). Molecular analysis revealed a dose-dependent effect of CBZ on gene expression. Although only 25 genes were deregulated in organisms exposed to CBZ when compared to controls, both 0.6 and 2812 µg L-1 treatments impaired gene expression related to development (e.g. crygmxl1, org, klf2a, otos, stx16 and tob2) and the nervous system (e.g. Rtn3, Gdf10, Rtn3), while activated genes were associated with behavioural response (e.g. prlbr and taar). Altogether, our results indicate that environmentally relevant CBZ concentrations might affect biochemical and genetic traits of fish. Thus, the environmental risk of CBZ cannot be neglected, especially in a realistic scenario of constant input of domestic effluents into aquatic systems.

[Research on preparation techniques for drugs administered through catheters by intensive care nursing]. / Investigação da técnica de preparo de medicamentos para administração por cateteres pela enfermagem na terapia intensiva.

The goals of the research were to assess the pharmaceutical form of medicinal preparations administered through catheters and identify the profile of errors that occur during their preparation. This is a cross-sectional study of an observational nature, conducted in an intensive care unit with a sample of 350 doses of medication prepared by 56 nursing technicians. Data collection occurred in March 2010. The results showed that 92% of the drugs were in the solid form. The errors were divided into two categories for liquid forms: dilution and mixing, and grinding was added as an error possibility for a solid form. The error rates were greater than 40% in all categories. The conclusions are that grinding can compromise the therapeutic effect of coated controlled-release tablets, not diluting syrups may contribute to the obstruction of catheters, and mixing medication during grinding may increase the risk of drug interactions.

Intersectional Discrimination Index: Initial stages of cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of Intersectional Discrimination Index (InDI) into Brazilian Portuguese. InDI assesses the health impacts of intersectional experiences with anticipated (InDI-A), day-to-day (InDI-D), and major (InDI-M) discrimination. METHODS: The following steps were taken: (1) independent translations; (2) synthesis of translations; (3) evaluation by an expert committee; (4) analysis by members of the target population; (5) back translation; and (6) pre-test. Based on the evaluation by the expert committee, the content validity coefficient (CVC) was calculated for each item and for the entire instrument. CVC helped identify which items needed adjustments according to the criteria of language clarity, theoretical relevance, and practical relevance. RESULTS: Of the 31 items, 24 were considered adequate and seven required further language adjustments. CVC values were satisfactory for clarity (CVCt=0.86), practical relevance (CVCt=0.87), and theoretical pertinence (CVCt=0.87); a good level of understanding was reported by the target population (mean=4.44; standard deviation=1.36). The average response time was 15.5 minutes, and no additional difficulties in interpreting the items were reported. The back-translated InDI was approved by the original authors of the instrument. CONCLUSION: The initial stages of the cross-cultural adaptation process showed that the use of InDI looks promising in Brazil. Further studies still need to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument to confirm the positive results of our work, as well as its usefulness for assessing the health impacts of intersectional experiences with discrimination.

Validation of the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI) in Brazilian Portuguese.

INTRODUCTION: Experiencing trauma may entail psychopathological consequences, but also changes considered to be positive (i.e., posttraumatic growth). For positive change to occur, an impact on the beliefs of individuals is required, which may be measured through the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI). The objective of this study was to validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CBI. METHODS: A total of 248 university students (65.7% female) answered the following assessment instruments: sociodemographic data sheet, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Posttraumatic Symptoms Checklist - Clinician Version (PCL-5) and the CBI. Psychometric properties of the CBI were assessed by conducting an exploratory factor analysis through a principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and convergent validity (Pearson correlation between instruments) were also investigated. RESULTS: The total scale showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.83). A single factor solution explained 42.63% of the variance of the CBI. Significant correlations were found between CBI and PTGI, and between CBI and PCL-5. CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties indicated adequate internal consistency and construct validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CBI.

Systematic review on the use and description of measures to evaluate psychotherapeutic interventions with children and adolescents in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Psychotherapeutic interventions in childhood and adolescence are recognized as a mental treatment and as a tool to reduce psychological disorders in youth and adulthood. Therefore, there is an increasing concern about evidence of effectiveness of mental disorder interventions and adequacy of measurement. The objectives of this systematic review were to investigate predominant research designs and instruments used in Brazilian studies describing psychotherapeutic interventions with children and adolescents and to examine how these instruments are described regarding evidence of validity and reliability. METHOD: Five databases were surveyed, and for each one two independent judges performed the selection of records and applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The final database comprised 28 papers, in which 92 instruments were referred. Fifty-seven instruments cited did not have descriptions of evidence of validity for the Brazilian population; for 31 instruments, validity evidence was mentioned, but the study did not detail which validity parameter was used; three studies described content validity evidence for their instruments. Furthermore, information about reliability was described for only two instruments. CONCLUSION: A lack of studies in the field of child and adolescent psychotherapy was found in Brazil. There is a significant need for the field to attend both the psychometric properties and the quality of description of research instruments. The scientific production of studies focused on the evaluation of psychotherapeutic interventions may promote evidence-based psychotherapy and justify the offer of mental treatment in different contexts.

[Bullying and psychoactive substance use during adolescence: a systematic review]. / Bullying e uso de substâncias psicoativas na adolescência: uma revisão sistemática.

Bullying and psychoactive substance abuse are prevalent phenomena among adolescents and identified as health problems that may jeopardise the development of all those involved. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the extent to which involvement in bullying and psychoactive substance use during adolescence are associated, as well as check for differences regarding the social roles of bullying. From the search for empirical articles published between January 2009 and December 2014 in seven electronic databases, 585 records were identified. After the criteria for inclusion and exclusion were applied, the remaining 40 studies were analyzed based on the design, characteristics of the sample and results of the relationship between bullying and psychoactive substance use. Most studies are quantitative and cross-sectional, and they showed mixed samples of boys and girls in the school environment, which was the place where the phenomena are studied by preference. The association between the perpetration of bullying and psychoactive substance use for adolescents of both sexes is revealed. In relation to victimization by bullying, it was not possible to determine the direction and characterization of the relationship with psychoactive substance use.

Bullying e uso de substâncias psicoativas são fenômenos prevalentes entre adolescentes e apontados como problemas de saúde que podem comprometer o desenvolvimento de todos os envolvidos. Esse estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura pretendeu identificar em que medida o envolvimento em situações de bullying e uso de substâncias psicoativas na adolescência se associam, além de verificar se há diferenças em relação ao papel social do bullying. A partir da busca de artigos empíricos publicados entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2014, em sete bases de dados eletrônicas, foram identificados 585 registros. Aplicados os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, restaram 40 estudos que foram analisados a partir do seu delineamento, características da amostra e resultados obtidos sobre a relação entre bullying e uso de substâncias psicoativas. A maioria dos estudos é de delineamento quantitativo transversal, com amostras mistas, de meninos e meninas, sendo a escola o local onde esses fenômenos têm sido preferencialmente estudados. Evidenciou-se associação entre perpetração de bullying e uso de substâncias para adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Em relação à vitimização por bullying, não foi possível precisar a direção e a caracterização da relação com o uso de substâncias.

Validade e fidedignidade de um protocolo para avaliar o estresse de minoria em pessoas trans e diversidade de gênero / Validity and fidedignity of a protocol to evaluate minority stress in trans and gender people

O modelo do Estresse de Minoria (EM) propõe uma explicação de como estressores relacionados ao preconceito levam pessoas lésbicas, gays e bissexuais (LGB) a terem piores desfechos negativos de saúde mental do que pessoas heterossexuais. Os componentes básicos do EM são o preconceito internalizado, preconceito antecipado e preconceito experienciado. O modelo do EM foi desenvolvido primeiramente no campo da sexualidade e hoje tem sido também aplicado no contexto da diversidade de gênero. Ainda não há instrumentos adaptados para sua avaliação no contexto da diversidade de gênero no Brasil. Para esse fim, este estudo objetiva a adaptação transcultural e a investigação de evidências de validade para o contexto brasileiro do "Protocolo para Avaliação do EM em pessoas trans e diversidade de gênero" (PEM-TD-BR). Participaram 455 indivíduos cuja identidade de gênero discordava daquela designada ao nascimento. As análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias sugerem a estrutura de três fatores do PEM-TD-BR como a mais adequada, fornecendo evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o protocolo no contexto brasileiro.

The Minority Stress (MS) model explains how prejudice-related stressors lead lesbian, gay, and bisexual people (LGB) to have worse negative mental health outcomes compared to heterosexuals. The basic components of MS are internalized prejudice, anticipated prejudice, and experienced prejudice. MS model was first developed in the field of sexuality and is now also applied in the context of gender diversity. There are still no adapted tools for its assessment in the context of gender diversity in Brazil. To this end, this study aims at the cross-cultural adaptation and production of validity evidence for the Brazilian context of a protocol for the "assessment of MS in transgender and gender diverse people" (PEM-TD-BR). It included 455 participants whose current gender identity disagreed with that assigned at birth. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes suggest the three-factor structure of the PEM-TD-BR as the most appropriate and provide evidence for the validity and reliability for the protocol in the Brazilian context.

Brazilian approaches to understanding and building resilience in at-risk populations.

In this article, the authors present studies related to the concept of resilience as they emerged in Brazil. First, the article describes current definitions and some methodologic approaches developed and used by Brazilian researchers in their investigations. Then it focuses on studies conducted in different parts of the country, emphasizing the resilience process in children, youth, and families of different at-risk conditions. Finally, the article illustrates the applications of those findings on intervention, prevention, social policies, and clinical practice.

Intersectional Discrimination Index: Initial stages of cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese / Etapas iniciais da adaptação transcultural do Intersectional Discrimination Index para o português do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of Intersectional Discrimination Index (InDI) into Brazilian Portuguese. InDI assesses the health impacts of intersectional experiences with anticipated (InDI-A), day-to-day (InDI-D), and major (InDI-M) discrimination. Methods: The following steps were taken: (1) independent translations; (2) synthesis of translations; (3) evaluation by an expert committee; (4) analysis by members of the target population; (5) back translation; and (6) pre-test. Based on the evaluation by the expert committee, the content validity coefficient (CVC) was calculated for each item and for the entire instrument. CVC helped identify which items needed adjustments according to the criteria of language clarity, theoretical relevance, and practical relevance. Results: Of the 31 items, 24 were considered adequate and seven required further language adjustments. CVC values were satisfactory for clarity (CVCt=0.86), practical relevance (CVCt=0.87), and theoretical pertinence (CVCt=0.87); a good level of understanding was reported by the target population (mean=4.44; standard deviation=1.36). The average response time was 15.5 minutes, and no additional difficulties in interpreting the items were reported. The back-translated InDI was approved by the original authors of the instrument. Conclusion: The initial stages of the cross-cultural adaptation process showed that the use of InDI looks promising in Brazil. Further studies still need to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument to confirm the positive results of our work, as well as its usefulness for assessing the health impacts of intersectional experiences with discrimination.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo realizou a adaptação transcultural do Intersectional Discrimination Index (InDI) para o português do Brasil. Trata-se de um instrumento composto de 31 itens, que visa mensurar os impactos para a saúde de experiências interseccionais com discriminação antecipada (InDI-A), cotidiana (InDI-D) e maior (InDI-M). Métodos: Foram percorridas as seguintes etapas: (1) traduções independentes; (2) síntese das traduções; (3) avaliação por comitê de especialistas; (4) análise por membros da população-alvo; (5) tradução reversa; e (6) pré-teste. Calculou-se igualmente o coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) de cada um dos itens e de todo o instrumento. O CVC foi empregado por permitir identificar quais itens necessitavam de ajustes de acordo com os critérios de clareza de linguagem, relevância teórica e pertinência prática. Resultados: Dos 31 itens do instrumento, 24 foram considerados adequados e sete necessitaram de ajustes de linguagem. Os valores dos CVC foram satisfatórios para os critérios de clareza de linguagem (CVCt=0,86), pertinência prática (CVCt=0,87) e relevância teórica (CVCt=0,87), e o público-alvo considerou satisfatória a compreensão do instrumento (média=4,44; desvio padrão=1,36). O tempo médio de resposta foi de 15,5 minutos e não foram registradas dúvidas adicionais. A tradução reversa foi aprovada pelos autores originais do instrumento. Conclusão: As etapas iniciais do processo de adaptação transcultural mostraram que o InDI parece promissor para uso no Brasil. Estudos futuros ainda precisam examinar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento para confirmar os resultados positivos do presente trabalho, bem como sua utilidade para a avaliação dos impactos para a saúde de experiências interseccionais com discriminação.

A Regulação Emocional como Moderadora da Relação entre Afeto Positivo e Negativo e Bem-Estar Psicológico / Emotion Regulation as a Moderator of the Relationship between Positive and Negative Affect and Psychological Well-Being / Regulación Emocional como Moderadora de la Relación entre el Afecto Positivo y Negativo y el Bienestar Psicológico

A capacidade de influenciar a experiência e expressão das emoções pode ser fundamental para a saúde mental. Sabe-se que a regulação emocional possui relação com alterações no afeto positivo e negativo dos indivíduos, sendo estas capazes de influenciar seu bem-estar. A relação entre afeto positivo e negativo e bem-estar tem sido discutida na literatura, entretanto, ainda se desconhece o papel da regulação emocional nesta relação. Sendo assim, o presente estudo investigou se a Regulação Emocional (RE) exerce função moderadora na relação entre afeto positivo e negativo e o bem-estar. Para isso, foi realizado um survey online, com uma amostra de 857 participantes com idades entre 18 e 70 anos (M= 30,55). Os participantes responderam a Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico, a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos e o Questionário de Regulação Emocional. Os resultados revelaram que a supressão emocional exerce efeito moderador, enfraquecendo a relação positiva entre afeto positivo e bem-estar, enquanto a reavaliação cognitiva exerce função moderadora, enfraquecendo a relação negativa entre afeto negativo e bem-estar. Destaca-se a importância de desenvolver habilidades de tolerância e de regulação das reações emocionais para ajudar os indivíduos a ampliarem o leque de comportamentos para lidar com o sofrimento para promover bem-estar.

The ability to deal with the experience and expression of emotions can be fundamental to mental health. Emotion regulation is related to changes in the positive and negative affect of individuals which could influence well-being. The association between positive and negative affect and well-being has been discussed in the literature, but the role of emotion regulation in this relationship is still unknown. The present study investigated whether the ER plays a moderating role in the relationship between positive and negative affect and well-being. An online survey was conducted with a sample of 857 participants aged between 18 and 70 years old (M = 30.55). Participants answered the Psychological Well-Being Scale, Positive and Negative Affections Scale and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. Results revealed that while the emotion suppression has a moderating effect, weakening positive relationship between positive affect and well-being, the cognitive reappraisal has a moderating function, weakening negative relationship between negative affect and well-being. It highlights the importance of developing skills of tolerance and regulation of emotions to deal with suffering and to promote well-being.

La capacidad de influenciar una experiencia y expresión de emociones puede ser fundamental para la salud mental. La regulación emocional puede alterar afectos positivos y negativos de los individuos. La relación entre afecto positivo y negativo y bienestar es discutida en la literatura, sin embargo, aún se desconoce el papel de la regulación emocional en esta relación. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio ha investigado la función moderadora en la Regulación Emocional, y su relación entre los afectos positivos y negativos y el bienestar. Se realizó un survey online, en una muestra de 857 participantes entre 18 y 70 años (M = 30,55). Los participantes respondieron la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico, Escala de Afectos positivos y negativos y el Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional. Los resultados revelaron que la supresión emocional ejerce un efecto moderador, debilitando la relación positiva entre el afecto positivo y el bienestar, mientras que la reevaluación cognitiva ejerce una función moderadora, debilitando la relación negativa entre el afecto y negativo y el bienestar. Destaca la importancia de desarrollar habilidades de tolerancia y regulación de las reacciones emocionales para ayudar las personas a ampliar la gama de comportamientos para trabajar con el sufrimiento y para promover el bienestar.

Comportamento de 'media multitasking' (MMT) na pré-adolescência: Revisão integrativa e recomendações para pesquisas futuras / Media multitasking behavior (MMT) in pre-adolescence: Integrative review and recommendations for future research / Comportamiento de 'media multitasking' (MMT) en la preadolescencia: Revisión integradora y recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones

O acesso facilitado às tecnologias de informação e comunicação no dia a dia propicia a realização de diferentes atividades ao mesmo tempo. Este comportamento é chamado 'media multitasking' (MMT). Nos últimos anos, houve um aumento significativo no acesso a essas tecnologias por crianças na faixa etária de transição entre a infância e a adolescência. Com o objetivo de compreender as implicações desse fenômeno para a saúde mental e o bem-estar, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, abrangendo estudos empíricos publicados de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2020 em periódicos científicos indexados às bases de dados MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science e ERIC. Como resultado, identificou-se uma convergência no entendimento de que o comportamento de MMT pode afetar o desenvolvimento de habilidades componentes das funções executivas e de competências socioemocionais, interferindo no funcionamento cognitivo e psicossocial. O estudo revelou importantes demandas de pesquisa, atentando particularmente para possíveis associações entre MMT e características próprias da pré-adolescência. Além disso, concluiu-se que esse comportamento constitui uma variável relevante a ser considerada na prática clínica, em intervenções e ações psicoeducativas, bem como para assegurar assertividade em avaliações psicológicas e neuropsicológicas, especialmente tratando-se das novas gerações.

The facilitated access to information and communication technologies in everyday life promotes engaging in different activities simultaneously. This behavior is called media multitasking (MMT). In recent years there has been a significant increase in access to such technologies among children in the age group between childhood and adolescence. In order to understand the implications of this phenomenon to mental health and well-being, an integrative literature review was carried out, covering empirical studies published from January 2010 to January 2020 in scientific journals indexed to the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC databases. As a result, a convergence was identified in the understanding that MMT behavior can impact the development of constituent abilities of executive functions and social-emotional skills, interfering with cognitive and psychosocial functioning. The study revealed important research demands, particularly related to the possible associations between MMT and the characteristics of pre-adolescence. Furthermore, it led to the conclusion that this behavior constitutes a relevant variable to be considered in clinical practice, in interventions and psychoeducational efforts, as well as to ensure assertiveness in psychological and neuropsychological assessments, especially concerning the new generations.

El acceso facilitado a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el cotidiano promueve la realización de diferentes actividades al mismo tiempo. Este comportamiento es llamado 'media multitasking' (MMT). En los últimos años, ha sucedido un aumento significativo en el acceso a esas tecnologías por niños en el grupo de edad de transición entre la infancia y la adolescencia. Para comprender las implicaciones de este fenómeno para la salud mental y el bienestar, se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, abarcando estudios empíricos publicados desde enero de 2010 a enero de 2020 en revistas científicas indexadas a las bases de datos MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science y ERIC. Como resultado, se encontró una convergencia en el entendimiento de que el comportamiento de MMT puede afectar el desarrollo de habilidades que componen las funciones ejecutivas y las competencias socioemocionales, interfiriendo con el funcionamiento cognitivo y psicosocial. El estudio mostró importantes demandas de investigación, particularmente con atención a las posibles asociaciones entre MMT y características de la preadolescencia. Además, se concluyó que este comportamiento es una variable relevante a considerar en la práctica clínica, en las intervenciones y acciones psicoeducativas, así como para asegurar asertividad en las evaluaciones psicológicas y neuropsicológicas, especialmente con las nuevas generaciones.

Female Brazilian whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus ocellifer) prefer males with high ultraviolet ornament reflectance.

Conspicuous colouration is an important way of social communication in many taxa. The role of ultraviolet (UV) signals in intraspecific communication has only recently been studied in lizards, and there is not a general understanding of the adaptive role of UV colouration. Colour ornaments can signal male quality in mate choice and are therefore suitable for reliably predicting the outcome of female preference. Here, we tested the potential role of UV colouration in female spatial preference in a non-territorial teiid lizard, Cnemidophorus ocellifer. We experimentally manipulated the UV reflectance of size-matched male pairs and tested the effects of our treatment on females' spatial distribution. We found that females associated with males of higher UV reflectance, suggesting that UV colour can be an important clue during mate preference decisions. Our results provide the first empirical evidence for the importance of UV colouration in female preference in a mutually ornamented lizard species.

Dificuldades no engajamento às medidas contra a COVID-19: o papel dos medos da compaixão / Difficulties to engage with measures against COVID-19: the role of fears of compassion / Dificultades para comprometerse con las medidas contra COVID-19: el papel de los miedos a la compasión

Como motivação pró-social, a compaixão tende a promover maior envolvimento em mentalidades de cuidado e ações de senso coletivo, capacidades prejudicadas pelos medos da compaixão. O estudo objetivou investigar o papel dos medos da compaixão em fatores envolvidos no engajamento às medidas de distanciamento social. Duzentos e oitenta e quatro adultos (idade média = 36,47) responderam as escalas de medos da compaixão, escala de dificuldades de regulação emocional e um questionário sobre engajamento aos protocolos contra a COVID-19. Um modelo de path analysis explicou 32% da variância na adesão aos protocolos por duas vias: o medo de ser compassivo por outros diminui o engajamento por motivações pró-sociais; enquanto os medos de expressar compaixão por si e outros predizem maiores dificuldades de regulação emocional, diminuindo a aderência por exaustão emocional. Oportunizar o desenvolvimento da compaixão pode contribuir para um enfrentamento mais saudável às dificuldades emocionais suscitadas pela pandemia e no envolvimento em ações coletivas

As a prosocial motivation, compassion enables to engage in care and collaborative behaviors, what can be impaired in people facing fears of compassion. This study proposed to investigate factors involved in the difficulties to engage in distancing measures, evaluating the role of the fears of compassion. 284 adults (mean age = 36,47) answered fears of compassion scales, difficulties in emotion regulation scale and a questionnaire about the engagement to social distancing measures. A path analysis model explained 32% of the variance on the recommended measures in two ways: fear of expressing compassion to others reduces the compliance with the recommendations decreasing prosocial motivations to follow the measures; fears of expressing compassion to self and others predicted stronger difficulties on emotional regulation, reducing the adherence to protocols because of emotional exhaustion. Providing the development of compassion can help to promote healthier emotional strategies to deal with the pandemic and to promote a more collaborative society to engage in social actions

Como una motivación prosocial, la compasión tiende a promover una mayor participación en las mentalidades de cuidado y sentido colectivo, capacidades que pueden estar afectadas por el miedo a la compasión. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el papel de los miedos a la compasión en el compromiso en seguir medidas de distanciamiento social en contra COVID-19. 284 adultos (edad media = 36,47) respondieron escalas de miedo a la compasión, escala de dificultades de regulación emocional y un cuestionario sobre compromiso con protocolos contra COVID-19. Un modelo de path analysis explicó 32% de la variación en la adhesión a los protocolos de dos maneras: el miedo a ser compasivo con los demás disminuye el compromiso debido a motivaciones prosociales; mientras que los miedos a expresar compasión por uno mismo y por los demás predicen mayores dificultades en la regulación emocional, disminuyendo la adherencia por agotamiento emocional. Ofrecer el desarrollo de la compasión puede contribuir a afrontar de manera más saludable las dificultades emocionales planteadas por la pandemia y en la participación en acciones colectivas

Children and adolescents’ psychotherapy: Evidences of validity of the Brazilian Portuguese Youth Outcome Questionnaire 2.01 / Psicoterapia com crianças e adolescentes: Evidências de validade do Y-OQ 2.01 em português brasileiro / Psicoterapia con niños y adolescentes: Evidencias de validez para el Y-OQ 2.01 en portugués brasileño

Early and effective interventions in the area of mental health of children and adolescents are of unquestionable importance. Thus, there is a great need to develop reliable tools to monitor the success or failure of these interventions. The goal of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese Youth Outcome Questionnaire 2.01, an instrument that seeks to evaluate the process and outcome of psychotherapy with children and adolescents from the perspective of the parents or legal guardians. After a cross-cultural adaptation, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and a network analysis were performed. The sample consisted of 341 parents or legal guardians of children (172) and adolescents (163) from 1 to 19 years old; 51% of the youths were male. It was observed that confirmatory factorial analysis based on the original model did not present good fit indexes, but the exploratory factorial analysis performed yielded a two-factor model which showed good fit indexes. Evaluating the expected influence among the nodes that composed the network analysis, items were identified that seem to activate symptom networks. The conclusion was that there is evidence of validity for the Brazilian Portuguese Youth Outcome Questionnaire 2.01, which can be used by Brazilian psychotherapists to plan treatments and monitor psychotherapeutic results.

É inquestionável a importância de intervenções precoces e efetivas na área da saúde mental com crianças e adolescentes, o que torna fundamental o desenvolvimento de ferramentas confiáveis para monitorar o êxito ou fracasso destas intervenções. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar as propriedades psicométricas da versão em português brasileiro do Youth Outcome Questionnaire 2.01, instrumento para avaliação de processo e resultado de psicoterapia com crianças e adolescentes a partir da perspectiva dos pais ou cuidadores. Após uma adaptação transcultural, realizaram-se análises fatoriais confirmatória e exploratória e também uma análise de rede. A amostra foi composta por 341 pais ou responsáveis legais de crianças (172) e adolescentes (163) de 1 a 19 anos de idade; 51% dos jovens eram do sexo masculino. Foi observado que a análise fatorial confirmatória com base no modelo original não apresentou bons índices de ajuste, mas a análise fatorial exploratória apontou um modelo de dois fatores com bons índices de ajuste. Avaliando a Expected Influence entre os nós que compuseram a análise de rede, identificaram-se itens que parecem ativar redes de sintomas. Concluiu-se que existem evidências de validade para o Y-OQ 2.01 em português brasileiro, que poderá ser usado por psicoterapeutas brasileiros para planejar tratamentos e monitorar resultados psicoterapêuticos.

Es incuestionable la importancia de intervenciones tempranas y efectivas en la salud mental de niños y adolescentes, lo que hace fundamental el desarrollo de herramientas confiables para monitorear el éxito o fracaso de intervenciones. Lo objetivo de este estudio es investigar las propiedades psicométricas del Youth Outcome Questionnaire 2.01 en portugués brasileño, instrumento para la evaluación del proceso y los resultados de la psicoterapia con niños y adolescentes desde la perspectiva de los padres o cuidadores. Después de una adaptación transcultural, se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorias y exploratorias, y también un análisis de red. La muestra fue compuesta por 341 padres o cuidadores de niños (172) y adolescentes (163) de 1 a 19 años de edad; 51% de los jóvenes eran chicos. Resultó que el análisis factorial confirmatoria basado en el modelo original no presentó buenos índices de ajuste, pero el análisis factorial exploratoria apuntó un modelo de dos factores con buenos índices de ajuste. Evaluando la Expected Influence entre los nodos que compusieron el análisis de red, se identificaron ítems que parecen activar redes de síntomas. La conclusión es que existen evidencias de validez del Y-OQ 2.01 en portugués brasileño, que puede ser utilizado por psicoterapeutas para planificar tratamientos y evaluar los resultados psicoterapéuticos.