Stabilization of Uranium in Acid Ore Wastewater through Hydrothermal Mineralization-Induced Crystallization.

Uranium [U(VI)] mining activity resulted in the discharge of uranium containing acid wastewater. It is necessary for immobilizing the uranium from wastewater to avoid its environmental pollution. In this work, a novel hydrothermal mineralization strategy is proposed for uranium stabilization. Three reaction systems such as Mg3(PO4)2 + UO22+, Mg2+ + PO43- + UO22+, and Mg2+ + PO43- + Mg3(PO4)2 + UO22+ were designed to investigate the uranium mineralization and stabilization performance. The consumed molar quantities of magnesium and phosphate were calculated to understand the mineralization mechanisms. The molar ratios of Mg/U and P/U in the experimental results were in agreement with those of thermodynamic calculation in the presence of dissolved Mg2+ and PO43- under the hydrothermal process. The calculated saturated index indicated the facile crystallization of uranium into the saleeite and chernikovite through hydrothermal mineralization at the pH value of 5 and 473 K. Crystallization into saleeite and chernikovite contributed to uranium stabilization, resulting in the negligible leaching rate of 5% due to the high crystallinity of 97.23%. Thus, hydrothermal mineralization of uranium crystallization into saleeite and chernikovite was promising for uranium stabilization with long-term stability.

Effects of intercropping with Bidens species plants on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Ziziphus acidojujuba seedlings.

To study the effects of intercropping with accumulator plants on heavy metal accumulation of fruit trees, plants of three Bidens species (Bidens pilosa, Bidens biternata, and Bidens parviflora) were intercropped with Ziziphus acidojujuba seedlings under cadmium (Cd)-contaminated conditions (5 mg kg-1). Intercropping with Bidens species increased the biomass and chlorophyll b content of Z. acidojujuba seedlings compared with monoculture, but decreased their carotenoid content. Intercropping with Bidens species also improved the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase in Z. acidojujuba seedlings compared with monoculture. Intercropping with Bidens species decreased the Cd content in the roots of Z. acidojujuba seedlings compared with monoculture. Conversely, when intercropped with B. pilosa, B. biternata, and B. parviflora, the Cd content in the shoots of Z. acidojujuba seedlings increased by 62.18%, 60.10%, and 62.18%, respectively, compared with that of those monocultured. When intercropped with Z. acidojujuba seedlings, the Cd accumulation amount of three Bidens species plants were ranked B. parviflora > B. biternata > B. pilosa. Therefore, intercropping with plants of three Bidens species is not suitable for Cd-contaminated jujube orchards.

Controllable Preparation of CuFeMnO4 Nanospheres as a Novel Multifunctional Affinity Probe for Efficient Adsorption and Selective Enrichment of Low-Abundance Peptides and Phosphopeptides.

A facile solvothermal method for the synthesis of multifunctional magnetic CuFeMnO4 nanospheres affinity probe (NSAP) with controllable morphology and size was developed for the first time. The CuFeMnO4 nanospheres combine the brilliant features of Cu2+, Fe3+, and Mn2+ ions, so their multifunction performances are embodied by strong coordination to carboxyl and amine groups of peptides (Cu2+ and Fe3+), special affinity to phosphate groups of phosphopeptides (Fe3+ and Mn2+), and high magnetic responsiveness in a magnetic field. Their potential as an affinity probe was evaluated for highly effective enrichment, rapid magnetic separation of low-abundance peptides (neutral condition), and effective selective capture of phosphopeptides (acid condition) from various complex biosamples. Notably, CuFeMnO4 NSAP was explored for highly selective capture and isolation of phosphopeptides from A549 cells after exposure to ZnO nanoparticles for different times. Consequently, we put forward a new nanospinel ferrite-based protocol here to analyze and identify the phosphoproteins/phosphopeptides involved in cellular signaling pathways in response to exogenous stimulation.

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections and semen quality in 19,098 infertile men in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections in infertile and fertile men and to investigate their effects on the semen quality. The study also aimed to analyze the drug susceptibility of UU and MH to provide guidance for reasonable antibiotic use. METHODS: A total of 19,098 semen specimens were obtained from infertile men at our hospital from January to December 2014. In addition to these specimens, 3368 semen specimens of sperm were obtained from donors at the sperm bank of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014. Semen analysis was performed using the methods outlined by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: The prevalence of UU and MH significantly differed between infertile and fertile men. The mean progressive motility, total motility, and normal forms in the semen samples of infertile males positive for UU significantly differed from the corresponding values of uninfected men. However, the semen parameters did not differ between MH-infected and uninfected men. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, UU, MH, and UU mixed with MH were all found susceptible to doxycycline and josamycin with drug resistance rates below 6 %, but both species were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical assessment revealed a significant relationship between UU and MH infections and male infertility. UU was found to significantly affect sperm quality, but this was not the case with MH. Doxycycline and josamycin should be preferred for clinically treating UU and MH infections.

Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on a polydopamine-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles absorbent for the determination of bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, and (S)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol in environmental waters by HPLC.

Polydopamine-coated Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles synthesized through a facile solvothermal reaction and the self-polymerization of dopamine have been employed as a magnetic solid-phase extraction sorbent to enrich four phenolic compounds, bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, (S)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, from environmental waters followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic detection. Various parameters of the extraction were optimized, including the pH of the sample matrix, the amount of polydopamine-coated Fe3 O4 sorbent, the adsorption time, the enrichment factor of analytes, the elution solvent, and the reusability of the nanoparticles sorbent. The recoveries of these phenols in spiked water samples were 62.0-112.0% with relative standard deviations of 0.8-7.7%, indicating the good reliability of the magnetic solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method. In addition, the extraction characteristics of the magnetic polydopamine-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were elucidated comprehensively. It is found that there are hydrophobic, π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions between phenols and more dispersible polydopamine-coated Fe3 O4 in water, among which hydrophobic interaction dominates the magnetic solid-phase extraction performance.

Revitalizing Ancient Mitochondria with Nano-Strategies: Mitochondria-Remedying Nanodrugs Concentrate on Disease Control.

Mitochondria, widely known as the energy factories of eukaryotic cells, have a myriad of vital functions across diverse cellular processes. Dysfunctions within mitochondria serve as catalysts for various diseases, prompting widespread cellular demise. Mounting research on remedying damaged mitochondria indicates that mitochondria constitute a valuable target for therapeutic intervention against diseases. But the less clinical practice and lower recovery rate imply the limitation of traditional drugs, which need a further breakthrough. Nanotechnology has approached favorable regiospecific biodistribution and high efficacy by capitalizing on excellent nanomaterials and targeting drug delivery. Mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs have achieved ideal therapeutic effects. This review elucidates the significance of mitochondria in various cells and organs, while also compiling mortality data for related diseases. Correspondingly, nanodrug-mediate therapeutic strategies and applicable mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs in disease are detailed, with a full understanding of the roles of mitochondria dysfunction and the advantages of nanodrugs. In addition, the future challenges and directions are widely discussed. In conclusion, this review provides comprehensive insights into the design and development of mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs, aiming to help scientists who desire to extend their research fields and engage in this interdisciplinary subject.

Determination of carbamazepine in human urine and serum samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column Ru(bipy)2(3+)-Ce(SO4)2 chemiluminescence detection.

A novel, sensitive and rapid CL method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography separation for the determination of carbamazepine is described. The method was based on the fact that carbamazepine could significantly enhance the chemiluminescence of the reaction of cerium sulfate and tris(2,2-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) in the presence of acid. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil® (Sigma-Aldrich) TM RP-C18 column (id: 150 mm × 4.6 mm, particle size: 5 µm, pore size: 100 Å) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (70:29:1, v/v/v) at a flowrate of 1.0 mL/min, the total analysis time was within 650 s. Under optimal conditions, CL intensity was linear for carbamazepine in the range 2.0 × 10(-8) ~ 4.0 × 10(-5) g/mL, with a detection limit of 6.0 × 10(-9) g/mL (S/N = 3) and the relative standard detection was 2.5% for 2.0 × 10(-6) g/mL (n = 11). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of carbamazepine in human urine and serum samples. The possible mechanism of the CL reaction is also discussed briefly.

Advances in the adsorption of heavy metal ions in water by UiO-66 composites.

The innovative adsorbents known as the Metal-organic Framework (MOFs) had a high specific surface area, various structural types, and good chemical stability. MOFs have been produced through hydrothermal, mechanochemical, microwave-assisted, gelation, and other synthesis methods, and the solvothermal process is one of them that researchers frequently utilize. The UiO materials have a more comprehensive application potential than different subtypes of MOFs among the numerous MOFs that have been synthesized. The synthesis of MOFs and their composites, as well as the adsorption characteristics of UiO materials in the adsorption of various heavy metal ions, have all been examined and summarized in this study.

Nanodrugs alleviate acute kidney injury: Manipulate RONS at kidney.

Currently, there are no clinical drugs available to treat acute kidney injury (AKI). Given the high prevalence and high mortality rate of AKI, the development of drugs to effectively treat AKI is a huge unmet medical need and a research hotspot. Although existing evidence fully demonstrates that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) burst at the AKI site is a major contributor to AKI progression, the heterogeneity, complexity, and unique physiological structure of the kidney make most antioxidant and anti-inflammatory small molecule drugs ineffective because of the lack of kidney targeting and side effects. Recently, nanodrugs with intrinsic kidney targeting through the control of size, shape, and surface properties have opened exciting prospects for the treatment of AKI. Many antioxidant nanodrugs have emerged to address the limitations of current AKI treatments. In this review, we systematically summarized for the first time about the emerging nanodrugs that exploit the pathological and physiological features of the kidney to overcome the limitations of traditional small-molecule drugs to achieve high AKI efficacy. First, we analyzed the pathological structural characteristics of AKI and the main pathological mechanism of AKI: hypoxia, harmful substance accumulation-induced RONS burst at the renal site despite the multifactorial initiation and heterogeneity of AKI. Subsequently, we introduced the strategies used to improve renal targeting and reviewed advances of nanodrugs for AKI: nano-RONS-sacrificial agents, antioxidant nanozymes, and nanocarriers for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. These nanodrugs have demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects, such as greatly reducing oxidative stress damage, restoring renal function, and low side effects. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future directions for translating nanodrugs into clinical AKI treatment.

Comparative Analysis of Carotenoid Profiles and Biosynthetic Gene Expressions among Ten Plum Cultivars.

Plums are good sources of various bioactive phytochemical compounds such as vitamins, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, whereby all of which are noted for multiple potential health benefits. However, knowledge regarding plum carotenoid profiles remains limited. Hence, the total and individual carotenoids in the edible parts (skin and flesh) of ten plum cultivars were determined using a spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, respectively. Total and individual carotenoid contents in skin were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in flesh among all plum cultivars tested. The cultivars with the highest content of total carotenoids in skin were Naili (36.73 µg/g FW), followed by Yinhongli (21.81 µg/g FW) and Yuhuangli (19.70 µg/g FW), with the lowest in Angeleno (8.97 µg/g FW). Lutein, zeaxanthine, ß-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and ß-carotene were the major types of carotenoids detected, with lutein and ß-carotene being the predominant constituents of the skin and flesh tissues, respectively. Lutein, zeaxanthine, and total carotenoid contents were positively correlated with the expressions of PSY, LCYB, and LCYE, and negatively correlated with the expressions of PDS and CRTISO. Characterizing the carotenoid profiles and investigating variations in carotenoid biosynthetic gene expressions among plum cultivars are crucial for advancing genetic improvements in plums.

Flow injection-chemiluminescence determination of acyclovir.

The chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of acyclovir (ACV)-potassium permanganate, with formaldehyde as an enhancer, was investigated by the flow-injection system, and a new method is reported for the determination of ACV on the basis of the reaction. The method is rapid, effective and simple for the determination of acyclovir in the range 0.2-80 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 0.06 mg/L (3 S:N), a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.7% for the determination of 1.0 mg/L acyclovir solution in 11 repeated measurements. The method has been applied to the determination of acyclovir in pharmaceuticals, with satisfactory results. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed briefly.

Progesterone levels on the hCG day and outcomes in vitro fertilization in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of premature luteinization in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and compared the main determinants of success in in-vitro fertilization in PCOS patients with and without premature luteinization. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 180 PCOS women of Chinese Han origin with infertility who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with an exogenous gonadotropin/GnRH antagonist protocol. Hormone levels on the hCG day and IVF outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of premature luteinization was 23.3 %. Compared with PCOS patients without premature luteinization, PCOS patients with premature luteinization(PL) had a higher number of oocytes retrieved (18.20 ± 6.6 vs 15.08 ± 7.3, p = 0.037) and a higher fertilization rate (72.9 ± 1.9 vs63.1 ± 2.3, p = 0.033), but clinical pregnancy rates were no statistical significance (53.3 vs 56.0, p = 0.836). Though the implantation rate was higher in no premature luteinization patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (37.7 vs 30.3, p = 0.115). CONCLUSION: The PCOS patients with premature luteinization had a higher fertilization rate and high number of oocytes retrieved, and the similar implantation rate and clinical PRs as PCOS patients without premature luteinization.

Giant cellular leiomyoma in the broad ligament of the uterus: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of large pelvic masses in postmenopausal women is a challenge in clinical practice. Although ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to determine the size and location of the mass, it is still difficult to achieve a preoperative diagnosis. The majority of cellular leiomyomas are diagnosed by histopathology after surgery. We report the differential diagnosis and surgical management of a rare case of cellular leiomyoma in the broad ligament of the uterus. CASE SUMMARY: A 52-year-old Chinese woman without sexual history was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine for the first time. The patient had a 1-year history of progressive abdominal enlargement as well as a 2-year history of menopause, and complained of frequent abdominal pain and low-grade fever. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a solid cystic mass (29.4 cm × 18.8 cm × 37.7 cm) in the pelvis and abdomen. Moreover, routine blood test results indicated a baseline cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level of 187.7 U/mL and C-reactive protein of 109.58 mg/L. Subsequently, retrograde hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy were performed in this patient. On histopathologic examination of the surgical specimen, a rare cellular leiomyoma in the broad ligament was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Clinicians need to constantly improve diagnosis and treatment for the challenges posed during clinical assessment, differential diagnosis, and surgical management.

Mitochondria-Targeting Chemodynamic Therapy Nanodrugs for Cancer Treatment.

Mitochondria, as one of the most critical subcellular organelles of cancer cells, are very vulnerable and often on the verge of oxidative stress. The classic chemodynamic therapy (CDT) directly employs endogenous chemical energy to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and destroy tumor cells. However, the effectiveness of CDT is restricted by the limited diffusion distance and short half-life of ROS. From this perspective, the treatment method (mitochondria-targeting chemodynamic therapy nanodrugs, M-CDT nanodrugs) that can generate high levels of ROS at the mitochondrial site is extremely efficient and promising for cancer treatment. Currently, many emerging M-CDT nanodrugs have been demonstrated excellent spatial specificity and anti-cancer efficacy. In this minireview, we review various proof-of-concept researches based on different M-CDT nanodrugs designs to overcome the limits of the efficacy of CDT, mainly divided into four strategies: supplying H2O2, non-H2O2 dependent CDT, eliminating GSH and enhancing by hyperthermia therapy (HT). These well-designed M-CDT nanodrugs greatly increase the efficacy of CDT. Finally, the progress and potential of M-CDT nanodrugs are discussed, as well as their limitations and opportunities.

State-of-the-art advancements in Liver-on-a-chip (LOC): Integrated biosensors for LOC.

Liver models are vital for the liver diseases and drug research as many novel drugs. However, traditional liver models cannot meet this need, mainly because they cannot replicate the complex physiological structure and microenvironment of the liver, especially the O2 and nutrient gradients. Liver-on-a-chip (LOC), based on microfluidic technology, can not only closely simulate the physiological structure and microenvironment of the liver through the design of suitable microchannels, but can also incorporate advanced biosensors with high sensitivity and potential for rapid responses to microenvironmental signals and liver function indicators. Nevertheless, LOCs have not been widely exploited for liver disease research or the screening of drugs for hepatotoxicity because of considerable professional barriers. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent progress in LOC development and the embedding of biosensors into LOCs. We first introduce the physiological characteristics and microenvironment of the liver and then summarize the fabrication process and advantages of LOCs. We subsequently focus on recent advances relating to three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte organization and the simulation of hepatic sinusoids and lobules in LOCs and further systematically summarize the research progress in biosensor-integrated LOCs. Finally, we discuss the potential value of LOCs and the challenges facing their exploitation. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the design and development of biosensor-integrated LOCs aiming to promote further research into this promising platform.

Nucleus-Targeting Phototherapy Nanodrugs for High-Effective Anti-Cancer Treatment.

DNA is always one of the most important targets for cancer therapy due to its leading role in the proliferation of cancer cells. Phototherapy kills cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and local hyperthermia under light. It has attracted extensive interest in the clinical treatment of tumors because of many advantages such as non-invasiveness, high patient compliance, and low toxicity and side effects. However, the short ROS diffusion distance and limited thermal diffusion rate make it difficult for phototherapy to damage DNA deep in the nucleus. Therefore, nucleus-targeting phototherapy that can destroy DNAs via in-situ generation of ROS and high temperature can be a very effective strategy to address this bottleneck. Recently, some emerging nucleus-targeting phototherapy nanodrugs have demonstrated extremely effective anticancer effects. However, reviews in the field are still rarely reported. Here, we comprehensively summarized recent advances in nucleus-targeting phototherapy in recent years. We classified nucleus-targeting phototherapy into three categories based on the characteristics of these nucleus-targeting strategies. The first category is the passive targeting strategy, which mainly targets the nucleus by adjusting the physicochemical characteristics of phototherapy nanomedicines. The second category is to mediate the phototherapy nanodrugs into the nucleus by modifying functional groups that actively target the nucleus. The third category is to assist nanodrugs enter into the nucleus in a light-controlled way. Finally, we provided our insights and prospects for nucleus-targeting phototherapy nanodrugs. This minireview provides unique insights and valuable clues in the design of phototherapy nanodrugs and other nucleus-targeting drugs.

Nanodrugs Detonate Lysosome Bombs.

Cancer cell lysosomes contain various hydrolases and non-degraded substrates that are corrosive enough to destroy cancer cells. However, many traditional small molecule drugs targeting lysosomes have strong side effects because they cannot effectively differentiate between normal and cancer cells. Most lysosome-based research has focused on inducing mild lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) to release anticancer drugs from lysosomal traps into the cancer cell cytoplasm. In fact, lysosomes are particularly powerful "bombs". Achieving cancer cell-selective LMP induction may yield high-efficiency anticancer effects and extremely low side effects. Nanodrugs have diverse and combinable properties and can be specifically designed to selectively induce LMP in cancer cells by taking advantage of the differences between cancer cells and normal cells. Although nanodrugs-induced LMP has made great progress recently, related reviews remain rare. Herein, we first comprehensively summarize the advances in nanodrugs-induced LMP. Next, we describe the different nanodrugs-induced LMP strategies, namely nanoparticles aggregation-induced LMP, chemodynamic therapy (CDT)-induced LMP, and magnetic field-induced LMP. Finally, we analyze the prospect of nanodrugs-induced LMP and the challenges to overcome. We believe this review provides a unique perspective and inspiration for designing lysosome-targeting drugs.

Emerging early diagnostic methods for acute kidney injury.

Many factors such as trauma and COVID-19 cause acute kidney injury (AKI). Late AKI have a very high incidence and mortality rate. Early diagnosis of AKI provides a critical therapeutic time window for AKI treatment to prevent progression to chronic renal failure. However, the current clinical detection based on creatinine and urine output isn't effective in diagnosing early AKI. In recent years, the early diagnosis of AKI has made great progress with the advancement of information technology, nanotechnology, and biomedicine. These emerging methods are mainly divided into two aspects: First, predicting AKI through models construct by machine learning; Second, early diagnosis of AKI through detection of newly-discovered early biomarkers. Currently, these methods have shown great potential and become an attractive tool for the early diagnosis of AKI. Therefore, it is very important to discuss and summarize these methods for the early diagnosis of AKI. In this review, we first systematically summarize the application of machine learning in AKI prediction algorithms and specific scenarios. In addition, we introduce the key role of early biomarkers in the progress of AKI, and then comprehensively summarize the application of emerging detection technologies for early AKI. Finally, we discuss current challenges and prospects of machine learning and biomarker detection. The review is expected to provide new insights for early diagnosis of AKI, and provided important inspiration for the design of early diagnosis of other major diseases.

Red yeast rice prevents chronic alcohol-induced liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response in mice.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, edema, necrosis, etc. Studies have reported that some dietary nutrition factors have beneficial effects in improving ALD. Red yeast rice (RYR), a traditional herbal supplement, has been confirmed to lower cholesterol mainly due to its component monacolin K. However, the effect of RYR on ALD has not been investigated. In this study, mice were supplemented with a daily oral gavage of 4 g/kg 50% ethanol for 8 weeks to induce a chronic ALD. RYR (150 mg kg-1  day-1 ) was supplied to ALD mice in treatment group. The results showed that RYR supplementation significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia, elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines, hepatic structural damage, and oxidative stress in mice supplemented with alcohol with no effects on body weight. Moreover, RYR significantly suppressed alcohol-induced hepatic NF-κB activation and apoptosis. Our results suggest that RYR is capable of preventing ALD mainly by attenuating hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: RYR was known for cholesterol-lowering effect through its main component monacolin K. The current study revealed that RYR was capable of ameliorating ALD, which is characterized by profound dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, edema, etc. Our results indicated that the protective effect of RYR on ALD is largely achieved by regulating lipid metabolism, and closely related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RYR. This study provides research foundation for the development of RYR-related food or pharmaceutical products, especially targeting for ALD.

Organic molecule-assisted synthesis of Fe3O4/graphene oxide nanocomposites for selective capture of low-abundance peptides and phosphopeptides.

The iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by organic molecule-assisted method in aqueous solution. The facile synthetic process of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was conducted only by mixing FeCl2 and 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) without any additives. A possible growth mechanism of the Fe3O4 nanocrystals was proposed for this mild reaction. Then, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were anchored onto graphene oxide (GO) sheets in water by ultrasound-assisted method, forming an affinity probe with strong biocompatibility. Due to the hydroxy and carboxylic groups of GO sheets, Fe3O4/GO probe exhibits excellent performance for enriching low-abundance hydrophilic peptides, while the Fe3O4 nanoparticles endure the probe with specific affinity to phosphopeptides. The analytical protocol was developed for sequential enrichment of low-abundance peptides and phosphopeptides by the affinity probe. It exhibited the sequence coverage of 26% for capture of 17 low-abundance peptides from bovine serum albumin (BSA), as well as the selectivity of 1:1:100 for phosphopeptides from α-/ß-casein/BSA, and low detectable concentration of 2.5 fmol and probe reusability of 5 times for capture of phosphopeptides from α-/ß-casein. Consequently, the prepared Fe3O4/GO material possesses excellent feature as multifunctional affinity probe for low-abundance peptides including phosphopeptides from complex biological matrices detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.