Evolutions and upcoming on Zika virus diagnosis through an outbreak: A systematic review.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, positive single-stranded sense RNA virus transmitted by Aedes species. Many efforts have been conducted to find a good, reliable and cost-effective test for ZIKV diagnosis. Diagnosis is still imprecise, expensive and there is not a standard model. We investigated the publications on ZIKV diagnostics and analyzed varieties of diagnostic methods, sensibility, specificity, and the evolution of new methodologies. Conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-P statement, three blocks of MeSH terms were assembled: group I: virus infection; group II: diagnostic methodologies; group III: characteristics and varieties on diagnostic methods. Search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. Eighteen articles were retrieved, reporting serological and molecular diagnostic techniques. Serum was used as the main biological material in the serological diagnosis, but urine and sperm were presented as an alternative. Molecular methods used structural and nonstructural regions of ZIKV genome. Experimental methodologies were more efficient, faster, and cheaper. Serological tests are faster and less expensive than molecular assays, but molecular assays are more specific. The use of both methodologies would be the most appropriate and reliable way to obtain correct diagnostic results.

A systematic review of photodynamic therapy as an antiviral treatment: Potential guidance for dealing with SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2, which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), presents high rates of morbidity and mortality around the world. The search to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing and urgent. This systematic review seeks to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be effective in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. METHODS: The focus question was: Can photodynamic therapy be used as potential guidance for dealing with SARS-CoV-2?". A literature search, according to PRISMA statements, was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, and Google Scholar. Studies published from January 2004 to June 2020 were analyzed. In vitro and in vivo studies were included that evaluated the effect of PDT mediated by several photosensitizers on RNA and DNA enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. RESULTS: From 27 selected manuscripts, 26 publications used in vitro studies, 24 were exclusively in vitro, and two had in vitro/in vivo parts. Only one analyzed publication was exclusively in vivo. Meta-analysis studies were unfeasible due to heterogeneity of the data. The risk of bias was analyzed in all studies. CONCLUSION: The in vitro and in vivo studies selected in this systematic review indicated that PDT is capable of photoinactivating enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, suggesting that PDT can potentially photoinactivate SARS-CoV-2.