[The dynamics of parameters of reproduction of Shor people - native small nation of the Kemerovo oblast].

In Russia, in the conditions of ongoing demographic crisis and socioeconomic transformations, the reproduction of population, including indigenous minorities, is the urgent problem. The analysis of dynamics of the age structure and reproductive parameters of women of three generations was carried out in order to determine the characteristics of reproduction of the Shors, the indigenous minority of the Kemerovo Region. The statistical data of population censuses (1970-2015), questionnaire materials, records of household books were used as sources of information. The average indices of the main parameters of reproduction of the Shors were calculated and their comparative analysis was carried out. The analysis of the reproductive characteristics of Shor women: the average age of the onset of menopause and menarche (climacterium is from 46.9±1.95 to 46.5±0.70 years, menarche from 14.5±0.65 to 13.9±0, 21 years old, p>0,05), the duration of the physiological reproductive period and the age of the woman at birth of the first child (22.5±0.42 years, 21.02±0.41 years, p>0,05) in a number of generations varied not statistically significant. There had been tendency of acceleration of rate of of process of puberty in female representatives of the "young" generation. The reproductive-active period reduced in 3 generations by 2 times (from 14.0 to 6.7 years). The age of woman at birth of the last child decreased from 36.5±0.65 to 27.7±1.09 years. The number of live-born infants decreased from 5.8±0.33 to 2.4±0.16 children. In women of all generations, there was high frequency of induced abortions (3.4±0.35 abortions). The negative dynamics of reproduction of the indigenous Shor population was established. The number of the Shors decreased from 14,059 people in 1970 to 10,672 people in 2010. The disproportion in gender ratio increased and absolute and relative volumes of pre-reproductive and reproductive contingents decreased. The Shors are characterized by narrowed mode of reproduction and regressive type of population age structure.

Diagnostic features of atherosclerosis development in miners having anthracosilicosis.

To design forecasting system, the authors studied occurrence of atherosclerosis and its risk factors in 152 workers of coal mines in South Kouzbass (tunnellers, cleaning pit-face miners, mining excavator operators), suffering from anthracosilicosis. Atherosclerosis was revealed in 124 (81.6%) workers with anthracosilicosis. With Bayess method for independent signs and Wald's sequential analysis method, the authors created a way to forecast atherosclerosis with coronary, extracranial and peripheral arteries involvement in miners with anthracosilicosis. Maximal risk of atherosclerosis in miners with anthracosilicosis is associated with following parameters: age 45 years and over, arterial hypertension, smoking, abdominal obesity type, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, respiratory failure, family history of IHD, hypercholesterolemia, increased LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, increased atherogeneity coefficient, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, increased C-reactive protein, hypersthenic type according to Reese-Isenc index, andromorphic type according to Tanner index, blood group. markers A (II) and B (III), rhesus negative, MN and NN. Through increased number of factors analyzed and selected additional markers, accuracy of atherosclerosis forecasting is increased - that enables to proceed with opportune treatment and prevention.

[Comparative characteristics of the gene pool of Teleuts inferred from Y-chromosomal marker data].

The gene pool structure of Teleuts was examined and Y-chromosomal haplogroups composition and frequencies were determined. In the gene pool of Teleuts, five haplogroups, C3xM77, N3a, R1b*, R1b3, and R1a1, were identified. Evaluation of the genetic differentiation of the samples examined using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) with two marker systems (frequencies of haplogroups and Y-chromosomal microsatellite haplotypes) showed that Bachat Teleuts were equally distant from Southern and Northern Altaians. In Siberian populations, the frequencies and molecular phylogeny of the YSTR haplotypes within Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1a1 were examined. It was demonstrated that Teleuts and Southern Altaians had very close and overlapping profiles of R1a1 haplotypes. Population cluster analysis of the R1a1 YSTR haplotypes showed that Teleuts and Southern Altaians were closer to one another than to all remaining Siberian ethnic groups. Phylogenetic analysis of N3a haplotypes suggested specificity of Teleut haplotypes and their closeness to those of Tomsk Tatars. Teleuts were characterized by extremely high frequency of haplogroup R1b*, distinguished for highly specific profile of YSTR haplotypes and high haplotype diversity. The results of the comparative analysis suggested that the gene pool of Bachat Teleuts was formed on the basis of at least two heterogeneous genetic components, probably associated with ancient Turkic and Samoyedic ethnic components.

[Immune genetic markers of anthracosilicosis].

Studies of ABO, Rh, MN, rho, Lewis blood groups in coal miners suffering from anthracosilicosis and in reference healthy individuals proved that MM phenotypes are predisposed to anthracosilicosis and MN phenotypes could be resistant to the disease. These results could be valuable for prevention of this occupational disease among coal industry workers.

[Genetic characteristics of the population of Severo-Baikal'skii region of the northern part of the Buryat Republic]. / Genetikcheskaia kharakteristika naseleniia Severo-Baikal'skogo raiona Severa Buriatii.

In the populations of seven settlements of Severo-Baikal'skii raion (Buryat Republic), 12 genetic systems were studied: ABO, Rh, MN, P, Lewis, HP, GC, TF, PI, Gm1, ABH, and the cerumen consistency. With respect to most of these genetic systems, the studied populations were either insignificantly different from other Siberian populations or intermediate between Russian populations from the European part of Russia and from indigenous Cis-Baikal populations (Buryats and Evenks). This might be related to outbreeding and selection. The observed parameters of genetic differentiation indicated that the studied system of subpopulations was at an equilibrium, with insignificant differences between subpopulations.

[Structure of the gene pool of ethnic groups from the Altai-Sayan region from data on mitochondrial polymorphism]. / Struktura genofondov étnicheskikh grupp Altae-Saianskogo nagor'ia po dannym o polimorfizme mitokhondrial'noi DNK.

Using the data on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism, genetic structures of the four Turkic-speaking ethnic groups of Altai-Sayan highlands, Southern Altaians (Altai-Kizhi), Khakassians, Shorians, and Sojots, were described. Mitochondrial gene pools of the populations examined were characterized by different ratios between Mongoloid (M*, C, D, E, G, A, B, and F) and Caucasoid (H, U, T, J, and K) mtDNA lineages. All the populations studied had a strongly pronounced Mongoloid component, the frequency of which was 88.2% in Sojots, 75.9% in Khakassians, 67.4% in Altaians, and 64.3% in Shorians. Maximum frequency of the Caucasoid component (35.7%) was observed in Shorians. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses of the mtDNA group frequency distribution patterns in the gene pools of the ethnic populations of Altai-Sayan highlands and the adjacent territories showed that the populations of the region fell into three groups. The first group included Khakassians, Tuvinians and Altaians, the second group consisted of Sojots, Buryats, and Mongols, while the third group was composed of Uigurs, Kazakhs, and Kyrgyzes. The isolated position of Shorians among the populations examined can be explained by their different anthropological composition and their presumptive relatedness to Finno-Ugric populations of Siberia.

[Polymorphism of the Y-chromosome diallelic loci in the ethnic populations of the Altai-Sayan region]. / Polimorfizm diallel'nykh lokusov Y-khromosomy y korennogo naseleniia Altae-Saianskogo nagor'ia.

Using the data on five biallellic Y-chromosome loci (DYS199, 92R7, SRY1532, RBF5 and DYS287) polymorphism, genetic structures of the five Turkic-speaking ethnic groups of the Altai-Sayan highland (Tuvinians, Sojots, Shorians, Khakassians, and Southern Altaians (Altai-Kizhi), were described. The gene pools of the populations examined were characterized by the presence of pronounced paleo-Caucasoid component (92R7-T-lineages). The frequency of this component increased westward, reaching more than 70% in Shorians and Southern Altaians. Haplotype TAT-C (RBF5 locus) was observed in all populations, except Shorians, with the frequencies varying from 5.4% in Altai-Kizhi to 18.8% in Khakassians. The Alu-insertion in the DYS287 locus was revealed only in the Altaian sample with the frequency of 3.3%. It was established that the Altai-Sayan populations studied split into two statistically significantly different groups. One of the groups was represented by Tuvinians, Sojots, and Khakassians, while another one was comprised of Shorians and Altaians.

[Molecular genetic differentiation of ethnic populations in Southern and Eastern Siberia based on mitochondrial DNA polymorphism]. / Molekuliarno-geneticheskaia differentsiatsiia étnicheskikh grupp Iuzhnoi i Vostochnoi Sibiri po dannym o polimorfizme mitokhondrial'noi DNK.

Using the data on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism, genetic structures of the ethnic groups inhabiting South and East Siberia, including Altaians, Buryats, Tuvinians, Todjins, Tofalars, Yakuts, and Evenks were described. Mitochondrial gene pools of the populations examined were characterized by different ratios between Mongoloid (M*, C, D, E/G, G, A, B, and F) and Caucasoid (H, HV, I, J, K, T, U, and X) mtDNA lineages. All the populations studied carried a marked Mongoloid component, maximum frequency of which was observed in Evenks (92.4%) and Buryats (90.1%). Maximum frequencies of Caucasoid mtDNA lineages were detected in Tofalars (20.7%) and Yakuts (14.5%). Statistically significant interpopulation differences regarding the frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups were observed between all populations examined, excluding the pairs of Evenks-Yakuts, Evenks-Tuvinians, and Tuvinians-Todjins. Differentiation of the ethnic groups inhabiting South and East Siberia, as well as Central and Middle Asia, is discussed based on genetic, linguistic, and anthropological data.

[Genetic markers of occupational susceptibility to fluorosis]. / Nekotorye geneticheskie markery podverzhennosti professional'nomu fliuorozu.

To determine markers showing propensity to occupational fluorosis, the authors studied prevalence of ABO, Rh, MN, ABH and Lewis phenotypes, systemic rhesus haplotypes in 229 workers engaged into aluminum production. Propensity to occupational fluorosis was marked by P (+), O (ABO) phenotypes. P (-) phenotype appeared to be a marker of resistance to fluorides exposure. The results obtained could be useful to forecast probability of fluorosis and to better this disease prevention.

[Hereditary polymorphism features in patients with silicosis associated with chronic bronchitis]. / Osobennosti nasledstvennogo polimorfizma u bol'nykh silikozom s soputstvuiushchim khronicheskim bronkhitom.

Chronic bronchitis frequently accompanies silicosis in metallurgy workers. Association of the two diseases significantly lowers life quality and disables the patients. Prophylactic measures for the diseases are elimination of the etiologic factors and detection of genetic markers for propensity and insusceptibility to silicosis and chronic bronchitis. Phenotypes of Lewis a-b- system, of Hp2-1 haptoglobin and of group-specific component Gc2-2 could be risk factors for chronic bronchitis in silicosis patients. Those of Lewis a-b+ system, of Hp2-2 haptoglobin and group-specific component Gc1-2 are resistant to chronic bronchitis on silicosis background.