A mobile APP-based, customizable automated device for self-administered olfactory testing and an implementation of smell identification test.

Olfactory tests are used for the evaluation of ability to detect and identify common odors in humans psychophysically. Olfactory tests are currently administered by professionals with a set of given odorants. Manual administration of such tests can be labor and cost intensive and data collected as such are confounded with experimental variables, which adds personnel costs and introduces potential errors and data variability. For large-scale and longitudinal studies, manually recorded data must be collected and compiled from multiple sites. It is difficult to standardize the way data are collected and recorded. There is a need for a computerized smell test system for psychophysical and clinical applications. A mobile digital olfactory testing system (DOTS) was developed, consisting of an odor delivery system (DOTS-ODD) and a mobile application program (DOTS-APP) connected wirelessly. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was implemented in DOTS and compared to its commercial product on a cohort of 80 normosmic subjects and a clinical cohort of 12 Parkinson's disease patients. A test-retest was conducted on 29 subjects of the normal cohort. The smell identification scores obtained from the DOTS and standard UPSIT commercial test are highly correlated (r = 0.714, P < 0.001), and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.807 (r = 0.807, P < 0.001). The DOTS is customizable and mobile compatible, which allows for the implementation of standardized olfactory tests and the customization of investigators' experimental paradigms. The DOTS-APP on mobile devices offers capabilities for a broad range of on-site, online, or remote clinical and scientific chemosensory applications.

Recognition of Digital Dental X-ray Images Using a Convolutional Neural Network.

Digital dental X-ray images are an important basis for diagnosing dental diseases, especially endodontic and periodontal diseases. Conventional diagnostic methods depend on the experience of doctors, so they are highly subjective and consume more energy than other approaches. The current computer-aided interpretation technology has low accuracy and poor lesion classification. This study proposes an efficient and accurate method for identifying common lesions in digital dental X-ray images by a convolutional neural network (CNN). In total, 188 digital dental X-ray images that were previously diagnosed as periapical periodontitis, dental caries, periapical cysts, and other common dental diseases by dentists in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were collected and augmented. The images and labels were inputted into four CNN models for training, including visual geometry group (VGG)-16, InceptionV3, residual network (ResNet)-50, and densely connected convolutional networks (DenseNet)-121. The average classification accuracy of the four trained network models on the test set was 95.9%, while the classification accuracy of the trained DenseNet-121 network model reached 99.5%. It is demonstrated that the use of CNNs to interpret digital dental X-ray images is an efficient and accurate way to conduct auxiliary diagnoses of dental diseases.

Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Olfactory deficits have been reported in bipolar disorder, but this finding is controversial. This study investigated whether olfactory deficit can serve as a specific marker for bipolar disorder by comparing olfactory function in different mood episodes of bipolar disorder. We also compared olfactory function in bipolar disorder and other mental disorders - namely, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS: The study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 enrolled 175 bipolar disorder patients (70 depressed subgroup, 70 manic subgroup and 35 euthymic subgroup) and 47 controls. Experiment 2 enrolled the participants from Experiment 1, along with 85 major depressive disorder and 90 schizophrenia patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test was used to evaluate odour identification ability and odour threshold (as a measure of odour sensitivity). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms in all subjects and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder patients, respectively. We also used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to assess clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients. RESULTS: All three bipolar disorder patient subgroups (depressed, manic and euthymic subgroup) showed reduced odour identification ability compared to controls; however, only patients in the acute phase of a mood episode (depressed, and manic subgroup) showed impaired odour sensitivity. Clinical symptoms were negatively correlated with odour sensitivity but not odour identification ability. Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder patients showed less odour identification and sensitivity impairment than schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION: Odour sensitivity is a potential dopaminergic marker for distinguishing between bipolar disorder patients in acute phase vs remission, while odour identification is a trait but a nonspecific marker of bipolar disorder.

Broadband Terahertz Detection by Laser Plasma with Balanced Optical Bias.

Using a controlled optical bias and balanced geometry, we propose a new scheme for broadband terahertz detection by laser-gas interaction without high-voltage manipulation. Compared to the conventional optical bias scheme, the common noise is reduced and the dynamic range as well as the signal-to-noise ratio are doubled. It provides a simple alternative for coherent broadband terahertz detection. The influence of optical bias on terahertz waveform is also investigated, and the evolution of the terahertz-induced second harmonic with probe delay is further revealed. This new detection scheme for broadband terahertz will boost the application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for its miniaturization and integrability.

[Research progress on rutin derivatives].

Compounds derived from natural products present satisfactory efficacy in disease prevention and treatment. The use of chemical substances in plants to promote healthhas increasingly attracted people's attention. Rutin, a typical flavonoid, is mainly found in various vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicines. As a natural antioxidant, it features many pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor, and prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the low bioavailability and poor water solubility limit its clinical application. In view of this, its structure is optimized and modified to afford rutin derivatives with good solubility, high bioavailability, stable metabolism and small toxic side effects. So far, a large number of rutin ethers, esters, and complexes have been synthesized and undergone activity testing. This paper reviews the structural modification of rutin in recent years, and the obtained derivatives have excellent properties and significant biological activity.

[Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy on hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage].

To systematically review the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive surgery or basic the-rapy in treating hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH) patients compared with minimally invasive surgery or basic treatment. In this study, the four Chinese databases, the four English databases, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrail.gov, all above were systematically and comprehensively retrieved from the time of database establishment to September 10, 2020. Rando-mized controlled trials(RCTs) were screened out according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria established in advanced. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated by the tool named "Cochrane bias risk assessment 6.1". Meta-analysis of the included studies was performed using RevMan 5.4, and the quality of outcome indicators was evaluated by the GRADE system. Finally, 17 studies were included, involving 1 852 patients with HICH, and the overall quality of the included studies was not high. According to Meta-analysis,(1)CSS score of the group of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy was superior to the group of minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy(MD=-3.50,95%CI[-4.39,-2.61],P<0.000 01);(2)NIHSS score of the group of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy was superior to the group of minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy(MD=-4.78,95%CI[-5.55,-4.00],P<0.000 01);(3)the cerebral hematoma volume of the group of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy was superior to the group of minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy(MD=-4.44,95%CI[-5.83,-3.04],P<0.000 01);(4)ADL score of the group of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy was superior to the group of minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy(MD=20.81,95%CI[17.25,24.37],P<0.000 01);(5)the GCS score of the group of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy was superior to the group of minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy(MD=2.41,95%CI[1.90,2.91],P<0.000 01). The GRADE system showed an extremely low level of evidence for the above outcome indicators. Adverse reactions were mentioned only in two literatures, with no adverse reactions reported. The available evidence showed that acupuncture combined with minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy had a certain efficacy in patients of HICH compared with minimally invasive surgery or basic therapy. However, due to the high risk of bias in the included studies, its true efficacy needs to be verified by more high-quality studies in the future.

Tumor endothelial cell-derived cadherin-2 promotes angiogenesis and has prognostic significance for lung adenocarcinoma.

In lung cancer, antiangiogenic strategies targeting tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs) afford a survival advantage, but the characteristics of TECs have not been comprehensively elucidated. Herein, high-purity (> 98%) TECs were obtained, and these cells retained expression of EC markers and exhibited high viability. ITRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS was performed to profile the proteome and the heterogeneity of ECs. Only 31 of 1820 identified proteins were differentially expressed between adenocarcinoma (ADC)- and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-derived TECs (TEC-A and TEC-S, respectively), and cadherin-2 (CDH2) was the most significantly upregulated protein in TEC-A samples. Positive immunostaining for CDH2 (score > 3) was significantly more frequent in the endothelium of ADC tissues than in that of SCC tissues. Loss- or gain-of-function analysis showed that CDH2 significantly promoted in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis and sensitivity to the antagonist exherin. The MAPK/ERK and MAPK/JNK signaling pathways may play crucial roles in CDH2-induced HIF-1α/VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Moreover, high CDH2 expression in TECs was significantly associated with tumor stage, visceral pleural metastasis, and decreased overall survival in patients with ADC but not SCC. Together, these data indicate the importance of CDH2 in angiogenesis and highlight its potential both for antiangiogenic therapy and as a candidate prognostic marker for ADC.

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in obstructive sleep apnea patients without cardiovascular diseases: Efficacy of CPAP treatment.

The aims of this article were to determine the levels of serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Snorers referred for polysomnography (PSG) for the investigation of OSA were eligible and hs-cTnT levels measured in our pilot study. Hs-cTnT was measured again after 3 months of CPAP treatment in participants with severe OSA. A total of 93 participants recruited after PSG. When compared with simple snoring group, severe OSA group had comparable higher hs-cTnT (7.5 ± 3.0 vs. 5.0 ± 2.1; p < 0.05). Hs-cTnT was positively correlated with apnea hypopnea index, and oxygen desaturation index ( r = 0.283, 0.282; p = 0.006, 0.006, respectively). Hs-cTnT levels were not significantly altered in 28 individuals who received 3 months of CPAP treatment (8.4 ± 2.4 vs.7.6 ± 2.1; p = 0.064). Elevated hs-cTnT levels were observed in severe OSA patients without CVD, and CPAP treatment had no influence on this levels.

Obstructive sleep apnoea and the incidence and mortality of cancer: a meta-analysis.

As there are conflicting reports regarding the association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and cancer incidence and mortality, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether OSA is independently associated with cancer incidence and mortality. Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched up until November 2014. Studies that assessed OSA and the future risk of cancer incidence or mortality were included. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the polysomnographic variable, apnoea-hypopnoea index. Six studies, which involved 114 105 participants, were pooled in this meta-analysis. Fixed-effects analysis showed the pooled adjusted HR of cancer incidence as 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74-1.13; P = 0.408) for mild OSA, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.86-1.33; P = 0.552) for moderate OSA and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.85-1.26; P = 0.743) for severe OSA. Random-effects analysis demonstrated neither mild OSA (adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.46-1.34; P = 0.381), moderate OSA (adjusted HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.63-5.88; P = 0.251) nor severe OSA (adjusted HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.45-9.81; P = 0.349) correlated with cancer mortality. This meta-analysis indicates that OSA is not independently associated with cancer incidence and mortality according to currently available data. Additional experimental and human research is required to determine the exact association between OSA and cancer.

Identification of a Newly Isolated Getah Virus in the China-Laos Border, China.

In this study, we isolated a virus strain (YN12031) from specimens of Armigeres subalbatus collected in the China-Laos border. BHK-21 cells infected with YN12031 exhibited an evident cytopathic effect (CPE) 32 h post-infection. The virus particles were spherical, 70 nm in diameter, and enveloped; they also featured surface fibers. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that YN12031 was closely related to alpha viruses such as Chikungunya virus and Sindbis virus, and located in the same clade as MM2021, the prototype of Getahvirus (GETV) isolated in Malaysia in 1955. Phylogenetic analysis of the E2 and capsid genes further revealed that YN12031 was located in the same clade as the Russian isolate LEIV/16275/Mag. Analysis of the homology of nucleotides and amino acids in the coding area and E2 gene demonstrated that the YN12031 isolated from the China-Laos border (tropical region) was related closest to the LEIV/16275/Mag isolate obtained in Russia (North frigid zone area) among other isolates studied. These results suggest that GETV can adapt to different geographical environments to propagate and evolve. Thus, strengthening the detection and monitoring of GETV and its related diseases is very crucial.

Periplasmic quality control in biogenesis of outer membrane proteins.

The ß-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are integral membrane proteins that reside in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and perform a diverse range of biological functions. Synthesized in the cytoplasm, OMPs must be transported across the inner membrane and through the periplasmic space before they are assembled in the outer membrane. In Escherichia coli, Skp, SurA and DegP are the most prominent factors identified to guide OMPs across the periplasm and to play the role of quality control. Although extensive genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed many basic functions of these periplasmic proteins, the mechanism of their collaboration in assisting the folding and insertion of OMPs is much less understood. Recently, biophysical approaches have shed light on the identification of the intricate network. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in the characterization of these key factors, with a special emphasis on the multifunctional protein DegP. In addition, we present our proposed model on the periplasmic quality control in biogenesis of OMPs.

Real-time RT-PCR Assay for the detection of Tahyna Virus.

A real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for the detection of Tahyna virus was developed to monitor Tahyna virus infection in field-collected vector mosquito samples. The targets selected for the assay were S segment sequences encoding the nucleocapsid protein from the Tahyna virus. Primers and probes were selected in conserved regions by aligning genetic sequences from various Tahyna virus strains available from GenBank. The sensitivity of the RT-qPCR approach was compared to that of a standard plaque assay in BHK cells. RT-qPCR assay can detect 4.8 PFU of titrated Tahyna virus. Assay specificities were determined by testing a battery of arboviruses, including representative strains of Tahyna virus and other arthropod-borne viruses from China. Seven strains of Tahyna virus were confirmed as positive; the other seven species of arboviruses could not be detected by RT-qPCR. Additionally, the assay was used to detect Tahyna viral RNA in pooled mosquito samples. The RT-qPCR assay detected Tahyna virus in a sensitive, specific, and rapid manner; these findings support the use of the assay in viral surveillance.

Identification of FkpA as a key quality control factor for the biogenesis of outer membrane proteins under heat shock conditions.

The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacterial cells, as well as the mitochondrion and chloroplast organelles, possess unique and highly stable ß-barrel structures. Biogenesis of OMPs in Escherichia coli involves such periplasmic chaperones as SurA and Skp. In this study, we found that the ΔsurA Δskp double-deletion strain of E. coli, although lethal and defective in the biogenesis of OMPs at the normal growth temperature, is viable and effective at the heat shock temperature. We identified FkpA as the multicopy suppressor for the lethal phenotype of the ΔsurA Δskp strain. We also demonstrated that the deletion of fkpA from the ΔsurA cells resulted in only a mild decrease in the levels of folded OMPs at the normal temperature but a severe decrease as well as lethality at the heat shock temperature, whereas the deletion of fkpA from the Δskp cells had no detectable effect on OMP biogenesis at either temperature. These results strongly suggest a functional redundancy between FkpA and SurA for OMP biogenesis under heat shock stress conditions. Mechanistically, we found that FkpA becomes a more efficient chaperone for OMPs under the heat shock condition, with increases in both binding rate and affinity. In light of these observations and earlier reports, we propose a temperature-responsive OMP biogenesis mechanism in which the degrees of functional importance of the three chaperones are such that SurA > Skp > FkpA at the normal temperature but FkpA ≥ SurA > Skp at the heat shock temperature.

Effect of lung squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment on the CD105+ endothelial cell proteome.

In lung cancer, antiangiogenic treatment targeting tumor endothelial cells (ECs) provides a survival advantage. To fully elucidate the behavior of ECs in a tumor microenvironment, high-purity (>98%) normal, paratumor-, and tumor-derived CD105(+) ECs were purified from lung squamous cell carcinoma by incubating cells with anti-CD105 antibody-coated magnetic beads. These cells exhibited typical EC characteristics. Totally, 1765 proteins were identified with high confidence by isobaric stable isotope tags and two-dimensional LC/MS/MS (iTRAQ-2DLC/MS/MS). In particular, 178 and 162 proteins were differentially expressed in paratumor- and tumor-derived ECs, respectively, compared to normal ECs. The up- and down-regulation trends showed good interassay correlation. Using gene ontology, they were classified into genes involved in major reprogramming of cellular metabolic processes, oxidative stress response, redox homeostasis, apoptosis, and platelet degranulation/activation. Moreover, tumor angiogenesis-initiating ECs appeared to acquire distinct properties. For example, cell migration and regulation of smooth muscle cell migration of paratumor-derived ECs were significantly faster than that of normal and tumor-derived ECs. Among them, two migration-associated proteins, neuropilin 1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor ß predominantly expressed in ECs of paratumor from 16 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, were identified as potential biomarkers for antiangiogenic therapy.

Association of Short Sleep Duration and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Central Obesity: A Retrospective Study Utilizing Anthropometric Measures.

Background: Central obesity, as measured by examination instruments, has been shown to be associated with both OSA and short sleep duration. However, objective measurement tools like CT, MRI, and DXA are expensive, cause radiation exposure, and have limited availability, especially in resource-limited settings. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate the relevance of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) as surrogate indicators of visceral obesity in the assessment of OSA and short sleep duration. We also intend to evaluate whether WHtR, in combination with BMI, can be a suitable surrogate marker for visceral adiposity. Methods: We recruited 333 adults with complete polysomnographic (PSG) records retrospectively. Logistic regression helped to assess the association of BMI and WHtR as surrogates for central adiposity with OSA and short sleep duration. Moreover, ROC curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive ability of BMI and WHtR. Results: Following the relevant adjustments, logistic regression analysis results showed that the combination of WHtR and BMI acting as central obesity surrogates was significantly associated with OSA and short sleep duration (p<0.05). According to univariate regression analysis, sleep latency and wake after sleep onset were independent predictors of the risk of central obesity in patients with short sleep duration and OSA. Additionally, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of BMI and WHtR provided a better assessment of central adiposity in patients with OSA and short sleep duration, compared to each measure alone. Conclusion: BMI and WHtR are significantly associated with OSA and short sleep duration, and might serve as a potential surrogate marker for central obesity. Sleep latency and wake after sleep onset can independently predict the risk of central obesity in patients with short sleep time and OSA. Thus, larger prospective studies are needed to verify our findings.

Contrasting nidification behaviors facilitate diversification and colonization of the Music frogs under a changing paleoclimate.

In order to cope with the complexity and variability of the terrestrial environment, amphibians have developed a wide range of reproductive and parental behaviors. Nest building occurs in some anuran species as parental care. Species of the Music frog genus Nidirana are known for their unique courtship behavior and mud nesting in several congeners. However, the evolution of these frogs and their nidification behavior has yet to be studied. With phylogenomic and phylogeographic analyses based on a wide sampling of the genus, we find that Nidirana originated from central-southwestern China and the nidification behavior initially evolved at ca 19.3 Ma but subsequently lost in several descendants. Further population genomic analyses suggest that the nidification species have an older diversification and colonization history, while N. adenopleura complex congeners that do not exhibit nidification behavior have experienced a recent rapid radiation. The presence and loss of the nidification behavior in the Music frogs may be associated with paleoclimatic factors such as temperature and precipitation. This study highlights the nidification behavior as a key evolutionary innovation that has contributed to the diversification of an amphibian group under past climate changes.

Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Preventive Effect of Chinese Medicine.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process involving multiple injury factors and cell types, with different stages. Currently, protective drugs targeting a single condition are limited in efficacy, and interventions on immune cells will also be accompanied by a series of side effects. In the current bottleneck research stage, the multi-target and obvious clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) is expected to become a breakthrough point in the research and development of new drugs. In this review, we summarize the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in various stages of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and on various types of cells. Combined with the current research progress in reducing ROS/RNS with CM, new therapies and mechanisms for the treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion are discussed.

Virtual reality as an adjunct to pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic lung disease characterised by persistent and progressive airflow obstruction resulting from tracheal and/or alveolar lesions. Patients afflicted with COPD endure a poor quality of life primarily due to the symptoms of the disease. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) constitutes a core component of the comprehensive management of individuals dealing with COPD. Nevertheless, suboptimal adherence and completion rates are the chief impediments associated with PR. Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a promising approach to support patients with COPD in their PR journey. Currently, no comprehensive systematic review has evaluated the impact of VR as a PR adjunct in patients with COPD. We aimed to investigate and summarise the evidence from recent studies related to the effect of VR as an adjunct to PR in COPD cases. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a comprehensive search of databases, including Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov, from their inception up to May 2023 to identify randomised controlled trials examining VR as an adjunct to PR in patients with COPD, with no restrictions on publication status or language. Our primary outcome measure will be the 6-min walk test. Two independent researchers will screen the literature for suitable articles for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Data collection and assessment of bias risk will be performed. This meta-analysis is intended to furnish data on each outcome as sufficient data become available. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the χ2 test and I2 statistics. The current review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is waived due to the retrospective nature of this study. Furthermore, the findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022374736.

Analysis of two-gene signatures and related drugs in small-cell lung cancer by bioinformatics.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis and can be diagnosed with systemic metastases. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of SCLC are unclear, requiring further investigation. The current research aims to identify relevant biomarkers and available drugs to treat SCLC. The bioinformatics analysis comprised three Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (including GSE2149507, GSE6044, and GSE30219). Using the limma R package, we discovered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the current work. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were made by adopting the DAVID website. The DEG protein-protein interaction network was built based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins website and visualized using the CytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape, aiming to screen the top ten hub genes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was adopted for verifying the level of the top ten hub genes. Finally, the potential drugs were screened and identified using the QuartataWeb database. Totally 195 upregulated and 167 downregulated DEGs were determined. The ten hub genes were NCAPG, BUB1B, TOP2A, CCNA2, NUSAP1, UBE2C, AURKB, RRM2, CDK1, and KIF11. Ten FDA-approved drugs were screened. Finally, two genes and related drugs screened could be the prospective drug targets for SCLC treatment.

Integrative taxonomy revealing a troglobitic new genus of Diplommatinidae from Jiangxi, China (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea).

A new subterranean diplommatinid snail is described and illustrated from Jiangxi, China. The species is diagnosed by its cylindrical-fusiform shell and absence of internal columellar lamellae and parietal folds. The morphological and molecular phylogenetic characterization of the new species supports the erection of a new genus, Sohtsuia Z.-Y. Chen, gen. nov. A molecular phylogeny of representative East Asian continental species of Diplommatina Benson, 1949 is provided and the relationships of the new genus are discussed. Sohtsuia diting sp. nov. is described as new species.