Isolation and identification of hemostatic steroidal glycosides from Ypsilandra thibetica.

The phytoconstituents of the fraction with hemostatic activity of the 70% aqueous ethanol extract of Ypsilandra thibetica Franch. were investigated. As a result, fourteen previously unreported spirostanol saponins, ypsilandrosides Z1-Z14, and nine known analogues were isolated and characterized by MS, NMR, and chemical methods. Among them, ypsilandrosides Z1-Z4 (1-4) have a rare 12-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl group, while ypsilandrosides Z5-Z8 (5-8) possess a rare double bond between C-4 and C-5, and a hydroxyl or carbonyl located at the C-6. All isolates were further tested for their hemostatic activity. The results suggested that five spirostanol tetraglycosides show favorable inducing platelet aggregation activities. Among them, ypsilandroside G (16) displayed significant inducing platelet aggregation activity with an EC50 value of 57.17 µM. Furthermore, the preliminary structure-activity relationship of these spirostanol glycosides' hemostatic activity was discussed.

Genomics-Microbiome Based Assessment of Bidirectional Causality Between Gut Microbiota and Psoriasis.

Background: Traditional observational studies have found a possible risk association of the gut microbiota for psoriasis. Meanwhile, psoriasis may also affect the changes in the gut microbiota. However, the available evidence does not demonstrate a reciprocal relationship between the gut microbiota and psoriasis. This limits our understanding on the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms of psoriasis. Methods: To address this question we used Mendelian randomization, a novel epidemiological approach, and acquired the largest current gut microbiota GWAS data from the MiBioGen consortium as well as psoriasis GWAS data from the FinnGen consortium, and performed two-sample bidirectional MR analyses using a multiple MR analysis approach. Finally, the robustness of the results was assessed by sensitivity analysis. Results: Our results indicate that five bacterial genera are causally related to psoriasis and psoriasis is causally related to four bacterial genera. Conclusion: These results suggest a bidirectional causal influence of psoriasis on the gut microbiota. Our results somewhat challenge the causal inferences of previous observational studies. We found that the specific bacterial genera with a risk effect on psoriasis were different from those found to characterize psoriasis in previous observational studies, and that these psoriasis-characterizing genera were inversely associated with psoriasis.

Successful Treatment of Psoriasis Combined with Bullous Pemphigoid with Dupilumab: A Case Report.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that can be combined with complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and kidney disease. The comorbidity of psoriasis with autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD) has been reported previously in several cases, the most frequent of which is bullous pemphigoid (BP). The underlying mechanisms of psoriasis with BP are not clear and there are no uniform treatment criteria. Based on previous case reports, the coexistence of psoriasis and BP may be related to inflammatory activity, medications, phototherapy, and infection. We report a case of a psoriasis patient who developed BP after taking Chinese herbal compounds and was successfully treated with dupilumab, which is the first reported case of applying dupilumab to treat psoriasis with BP comorbidities.

Ypsilandrosides U-Y, five new steroidal saponins from Ypsilandra thibetica.

Phytochemical reinvestigation on the whole plants of Ypsilandra thibetica obtained four new spirostanol glycosides, named ypsilandrosides U-X (1-4), and one new cholestanol glycoside, named ypsilandroside Y (5). Their structures have been established by extensive spectroscopic data and chemical methods. Among them, compound 4 is a rare spirostanol glycoside which possesses a novel 5(6 → 7) abeo-steroidal aglycone, while compound 1 is a first spirostanol bisdesmoside attached to C-3 and C-12, respectively, isolated from the genus Ypsilandra. The induced platelet aggregation activity of the isolates was tested.