Implications of recently derived thermodynamic data and specific ionic interaction theory parameters for (Mg/Ca)nUO2(CO3)3(4-2n)- complexes on the predominance of the Mg2+-Ca2+-UO22+-OH--CO32- systems, and application to natural and legacy-mine waters.

The formation of alkaline earth(II)triscarbonatouranyl(VI) (AenUO2(CO3)3(4-2n)-) species that have been evidenced both in laboratory and in-field studies, is important from slightly acidic pH up to near degraded cementitious in carbonated waters. They are also showing distinctive luminescence properties with a hypsochromic shift relative to UO22+. The conditions of pH, activities of alkaline earth(II) free ions (mostly Mg2+ and Ca2+) and carbonate ions (HCO3-) can be predicted from the thermodynamic functions and constants. The predictive validity of the activity of major alkaline ions (mostly Na+) is determined from the models used to describe the ionic strength comportment of these species, particularly using coefficients from the specific ion interaction theory (SIT). The stability domains of these species are better defined as a function of the activity of the constituents, and applied to natural waters. In this work, using recently obtained complete thermodynamic data and SIT coefficients, we will draw the stability domains of the AenUO2(CO3)3(4-2n)- species in combinations of activities of H+, HCO3-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+ for a wide selection of water compositions from the literature. Water samples were collected near a French mining legacy-site (Site du Bosc, Lodève, France). After determining the major ion compositions, we will verify that the luminescence signal of uranium is in agreement with the predicted speciation in the stability domains.

Radiolysis effect on Eu(III)-superplasticiser interactions in artificial cement and squeezed cement pore waters.

In the framework of the French deep geological repository for radioactive waste, cement-based materials are envisaged to immobilize radionuclides and/or provide protection from radiation to the environment. Superplasticisers (SPs) are added to these materials to increase their workability. SPs will undergo degradation by coupled radiolytic and hydrolytic effects in the pore solution leading to the formation of potentially complexing degradation products. The objective was to study the potential effect of radiolyzed superplasticizers contained in cement-based materials on radionuclide uptake. The Eu speciation and solubility with organic ligands resulting from the degradation of SPs were studied for the two solutions and the results were compared. Two different SPs were selected, a polycarboxylate ether and a polynapthalene sulfonate. Two different protocols were followed: direct irradiation of the solution containing the superplasticizer, and irradiation of the compacted cement sample followed by extraction of the pore water. Solubility enhancements observed in artificial cement waters are not representative of real cement pore water interactions, in agreement with other studies. Finally, the effects of alkaline hydrolysis and radiolysis of SPs on Eu solubility in pore water are limited.

Drug-Disease Interaction and Time-Dependent Population Pharmacokinetics of Isatuximab in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients.

Isatuximab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, specifically targets the cluster of differentiation 38 antigen overexpressed in malignant plasma cells. Isatuximab is used to treat multiple myeloma (MM), characterized by the excessive production of abnormal "myeloma proteins" (M-proteins) that may interact with therapeutic IgG mAb on the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling pathway. The clinical pharmacology profile of isatuximab was investigated by population pharmacokinetics (PKs) modeling in 476 patients with MM who received 1-20 mg/kg isatuximab either as single agent or in combination with pomalidomide-dexamethasone in 4 clinical trials. Isatuximab PKs were characterized by a two-compartment model with parallel time-varying linear clearance (CL) and nonlinear elimination. Due to a mechanism-based drug-disease interaction, patients secreting IgG M-protein exhibited a twofold lower drug exposure compared with patients with non-IgG MM. No dose adjustment was required based on MM immunoglobulin type because efficacy and safety profiles were comparable between IgG and non-IgG MM subpopulations. ß2-microglobulin, body weight, sex, drug material, and race have a limited effect on drug exposure and do not require any dose adjustment. A typical 50% decrease in linear CL from initial treatment to steady-state was predicted, and this decrease correlated with the best overall response rate and was slower for patients with IgG MM. These findings suggest that the time-dependent effect of isatuximab is likely mediated by a combined factor of both disease state evolution and the perturbation of the FcRn-mediated recycling pathway.

Measurement and modeling of the surface potential evolution of hydrated cement pastes as a function of degradation.

Hydrated cement pastes (HCP) have a high affinity with a lot of (radio)toxic products and can be used as waste confining materials. In cementitious media, elements are removed from solution via (co)precipitation reactions or via sorption/diffusion mechanisms as surface complexation equilibria. In this study, to improve the knowledge of the surface charge evolution vs the degradation of the HCP particles, two cements have been studied: CEM-I (ordinary Portland cement, OPC) and CEM-V (blast furnace slag and fly ash added to OPC). Zeta potential measurements showed that two isoelectric points exist vs HCP leaching, i.e., pH. Zeta potential increases from -17 to +20 mV for pH 13.3 to pH 12.65 (fresh HCP states) and decreases from 20 to -8 mV for pH 12.65 to 11 (degraded HCP states). The use of a simple surface complexation model of C-S-H, limited in comparison with the structural modeling of C-S-H in literature, allows a good prediction of the surface potential evolution of both HCP. Using this operational modeling, the surface charge is controlled by the deprotonation of surface sites (>SO(-)) and by the sorption of calcium (>SOCa(+)), which brings in addition a positive charge. The calcium concentration is controlled by portlandite or calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) solubilities.

A luminescence line-narrowing spectroscopic study of the uranium(VI) interaction with cementitious materials and titanium dioxide.

Non-selective luminescence spectroscopy and luminescence line-narrowing spectroscopy were used to study the retention of UO2(2+) on titanium dioxide (TiO2), synthetic calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases and hardened cement paste (HCP). Non-selective luminescence spectra showed strong inhomogeneous line broadening resulting from a strongly disordered UO2(2+) bonding environment. This problem was largely overcome by using luminescence line-narrowing spectroscopy. This technique allowed unambiguous identification of three different types of UO2(2+) sorbed species on C-S-H phases and HCP. Comparison with spectra of UO2(2+) sorbed onto TiO2 further allowed these species to be assigned to a surface complex, an incorporated species and an uranate-like surface precipitate. This information provides the basis for mechanistic models describing the UO2(2+) sorption onto C-S-H phases and HCP and the assessment of the mobility of this radionuclide in a deep geological repository for low and intermediate level radioactive waste (L/ILW) as this kind of waste is often solidified with cement prior to storage.

Determination of uranium(VI) sorbed species in calcium silicate hydrate phases: a laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy and batch sorption study.

Batch sorption experiments and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy investigations were carried out to study the U(VI) speciation in calcium silicate hydrates for varying chemical conditions representing both fresh and altered cementitious environments. U(VI) uptake was found to be fast and sorption distribution ratios (R(d) values) were very high indicating strong uptake by the C-S-H phases. In addition a strong dependence of pH and solid composition (Ca:Si mol ratio) was observed. U(VI) luminescence spectroscopy investigations showed that the U(VI) solid speciation continuously changed over a period up to 6 months in contrast to the fast sorption kinetics observed in the batch sorption studies. Decay profile analysis combined with factor analysis of series of spectra of U(VI)-C-S-H suspensions, recorded with increasing delay times, revealed the presence of four luminescent U(VI) species in C-S-H suspensions, in agreement with the batch sorption data. Along with the aqueous UO(2)(OH)(4)(2-) species and a Ca-uranate precipitate, two different sorbed species were identified which are either bound to silanol groups on the surface or incorporated in the interlayer of the C-S-H structure.