Orbital paraganglioma--a case report and review of the literature.

Paragangliomas are unique neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in specialized neural crest cells and may be adrenal or extra-adrenal. Paragangliomas have been described in various unusual locations, e.g., urinary bladder, prostate, cauda equina, larynx, sellar region, thyroid gland and nasal cavity. Orbital paragangliomas are very rare and peculiar in histogenesis as the orbit is a site in which the existence of normal paraganglia is not well-documented in humans. We hereby report a case of an orbital paraganglioma in a 70-year-old female patient, the oldest patient reported so far.

Clinicopathological Spectrum Of Gall Bladder Cancer In Kashmir - An Institutional Study.

Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy that usually presents at an advanced incurable stage. It is the fifth most common gastro-intestinal tumor and leads to approximately 2800 deaths in United States annually. This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a 650-bed super speciality hospital in Kashmir valley. We reviewed the histopathological records of all the patients who were diagnosed as carcinoma gallbladder from Dec 2009-Dec 2013. Gross findings and histopathological findings were noted from the departmental archival material and clinical records of the patients including the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, radiological investigations, pre-operative diagnosis and intra-operative findings, were retrieved from the hospital records. We analyzed 57 cases of carcinoma gallbladder for their clinicopathological features It included 19 males and 37 females. In our study, adenocarcinomas accounted for 87.5% of total carcinomas. Incidentally, all but one patient where gall stones were found, adenocarcinomas were seen. We have 4 patients of squamous cell carcinoma. In our series we have a single case of small cell carcinoma which was positive for neuroendocrine markers. In our study, gall stones were seen only in 8 cases (14%) of the total cases.