CT scanning in intracavitary therapy: unexpected findings in "straightforward" insertions.

Since 1980, pelvic CT scanning has been performed in 40% of patients who underwent afterloading intracavitary treatment for carcinoma of the cervix. The unexpected findings of uterine perforation are reported in 3% of these patients and the consequences are discussed.

Intraluminal brachytherapy using the high dose rate microSelectron in the palliation of carcinoma of the oesophagus.

A total of 197 patients, who presented to the Christie Hospital with advanced carcinoma of the oesophagus, were treated with the high dose rate microSelectron between June 1988 and June 1992. In 54%, a single intraluminal brachytherapy treatment resulted in useful palliation, which was sustained for a substantial part of the patient's remaining life. The simplicity of the treatment, which could be completed as a day case procedure and did not cause significant morbidity, commends itself in the palliation of these patients who have poor overall survival and quality of life. Approaches that might improve the response rate in those patients who did not gain significant palliation after a single treatment are discussed.

Symptoms of colorectal liver metastases: correlation with CT findings.

AIM: To correlate CT appearances of colorectal liver metastases (LM) with pattern and severity of symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with treated primary colorectal carcinoma were prospectively assessed by questionnaire for recent symptoms when attending for CT examination. Thorax, abdomen and pelvic CT scans were prospectively assessed for LM and extrahepatic disease (EHD). The number of LM, percentage liver replaced by LM and distribution of LM were recorded. RESULTS: Patients' ages ranged from 35 to 89 years (median 60) and 74/120 (62%) were male. Four subgroups were compared: group 1 - LM only (n = 30); 2 - EHD only (n = 22); 3 - both LM and EHD (n = 28); 4 - neither LM/EHD (n = 40). Anorexia was significantly worse in gp2 vs gp4 (P = 0.016) and lower abdominal pain (LAP) was significantly worse in gp2 vs gpl (P = 0.019). General pain was the worse symptom in all groups but notstatistically greater in any group. Patients with more than 10 LM had significantly worse anorexia (P = 0.002). general pain (P < 0.001) and LAP (P = 0.001). There was a trend (P > 0.05) towards worse symptoms with either volume of diseased liver or subcapsular LM. CONCLUSION: With increasing liver tumour burden there was an increase in symptomatology but extrahepatic abdominal metastatic tumour produced more symptoms than LM alone. Symptoms, particularly pain, therefore are not good predictors of hepatic metastatic disease.

Regional implementation of a national cancer policy: taking forward multiprofessional, collaborative cancer care.

The vision of the Calman-Hine paper is of patient-centred care, delivered by co-ordinated services which have genuine partnerships with each other. There is integration of other providers of support, to meet psychological and non-clinical needs. There is access to palliative care when required, from diagnosis onwards, and not just in the terminal stage. Effective communications and networks are the keys to making this vision a reality. Our recommendations are based upon in-depth discussions with purchasers, doctors and nurses, and others involved with cancer services within hospitals or the community across the region. They reflect the priorities placed on the development of good practice. Purchasers and providers should work together to implement these guidelines.

What do palliative medicine consultants do?

A workload study of consultants in palliative medicine was carried out, in which a task inventory questionnaire was sent to the consultant members of the Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland. The median number of hours per week worked by a palliative medicine consultant was 49.5 (mean 51.3), excluding time on-call and breaks. The median consultant first on-call roat is 1:3. Palliative medicine consultants work a median of 22.5 direct clinical and 4.5 indirect clinical hours per week. This is very similar to the hours worked by consultants in other specialties who work an average 51.3 h per week, but with a median on-call rota of 1:6. Further studies are planned to monitor the patterns of consultant activity and workload in this specialty.

The concerns of patients under palliative care and a heart failure clinic are not being met.

Patients with a terminal illness, identified by palliative care teams working in Manchester, and patients attending a heart failure clinic, were asked to participate in a prospective survey to determine their main concerns. Data were collected from 213 palliative care (PC) patients (mostly with cancer) and 66 patients with heart failure (HF). The median ages of the two patient groups were similar, but the HF patients were more likely to be male and living with a partner; 13% of PC and 7% of HF patients reported that they had no carer. The PC patients had more district nurse, hospice, social work and physiotherapy input. The most frequently reported troublesome problems for PC patients were pain (49%), loss of independence (30%) and difficulty walking (27%). HF patients reported dyspnoea (55%), angina (32%) and tiredness (27%) as the most troublesome problems. From a checklist of symptoms, the frequency of tiredness (PC = 77%, HF = 82%) and difficulty getting about (PC = 71%, HF = 65%) were high in each group. Psychological problems were reported by 61% of PC and 41% of HF patients. Cardiac patients reported more breathlessness and cough than PC patients (83% vs 49% and 44% vs 26%, respectively). Reduced libido was more common in cardiac patients (42% vs 21%). Patient disclosure of troublesome problems to professional carers was high (>87% in both PC and HF patients). Documented action was greater for physical than social or psychological problems. For PC patients, documented action was recorded for 83% physical, 43% social/functional and 52% psychological problems. For HF patients documented action was recorded for 74% cardiac, 60% physical - non-cardiac, 30% social/functional and 28% psychological problems. Clearly many patients' troublesome problems were not being addressed. As a result of this study, specific action by health care professionals was taken in 50% of PC patients and 71% of HF patients. We plan to target specific educational events on the treatment of physical problems, psychological assessment and social service provision.