[Saliva pH and galvanic current ways in mouth tissues and liquids].

In the group of 290 human having metal artificial limbs in an oral cavity, decrease in average value pH the mixed saliva in comparison with the persons who are not having metal inclusions was due to increase of percent of persons with sour reaction of saliva. Thus the degree of decrease the mixed saliva pH did not depend up on size of galvanic currents and presence of galvanic symptoms. The hypothesis was put forward, that decrease of saliva pH and development of galvanism was connected with local changes in a biofilm contacting to metal artificial prosthetic devices. Galvanic currents extended both on a surface of oral mucous membrane and in tissue. Clinical symptoms of galvanism we more expressed when galvanic currents flow manly in oral tissue.

[Individual professional colour perception by doctors-stomatologists].

Taking into account wide use of photopolymer materials in practical stomatology and increasing patients' desire in improving their appearance very actual is the question of optimal colour selection by doctors-stomatologists in the process of making esthetic restorations of the teeth. Thereupon the authors have studied the influence of stable personal behaviour and psychological status of doctor-stomatologist upon its ability to pick up tints.

[Principles of galvanic currents determination in oral cavity and their clinical background].

The most important reasons for metal intolerance used for teeth treatment and dental prosthetics are allergic intolerance for the given metals and galvanic currents appearance in the oral cavity. Although they often have similar symptoms their differential diagnostics is very important for determination of correct tactics of treatment and further patient's course. The method of galvanic currents measurement in oral cavity was invented. Basing on data of clinical and laboratory examination of considerable group of human beings the principles of exact determination of galvanic currents in oral cavity including algorithm of determination of the received data clinical significance.

[State of the mouth cavity in patients with inflammatory intestinal diseases].

The article presents the results of the dental examination of 75 patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease with mild and medium-to-severe clinical course. Absolutely all of the patients had intensive dental caries and inflammatory diseases of the paradontium that exceeded the average statistical level for Moscow both in terms of incidence and severity. As many as 20-60% of patients suffering from inflammatory intestinal diseases also had such disorders of the mouth cavity mucous membrane as angular cheilitis, labial fissures, glossitis or aphthous stomatitis. The reduction of the alveolar bony tissue was usually found in cases of gingivitis and paradontosis. It was demonstrated that the treatment of this type of pathologies as well as preventive measures can essentially reduce the mouth cavity disease incidence for this group of patients and improve their life quality.

[Zinc and caries]. / Tsink i karies.

Zinc levels in dentin, enamel, tooth deposit, and mixed saliva in caries were under study. The enamel and dentin Zn levels were measured by means of neutron activation analysis in 244 permanent intact teeth and in 92 permanent carious teeth from subjects died after acute injury. Tooth deposit and mixed saliva Zn levels were measured by the atomic absorption technique in 10 patients with caries and in 10 normal subjects; the groups were matched for dietary habits. The menu of these subjects over a month was examined and the content of daily dietary zinc was determined, and the level of salivary Zn excretion as against Zn content in the food was calculated. The dentin and enamel Zn levels were found increased in caries. A tendency to an increase of Zn level in the saliva was detected; a large proportion of this dietary element was excreted with the saliva in caries patients. The authors suggest that remineralization effect can be achieved in the initial stages of caries by oral and local application of Zn preparations.

[The involvement of the temporomandibular joints in systemic lupus erythematosus]. / Porazhenie visochno-nizhnecheliustnykh sustavov pri sistemnoi krasnoi volchanke.

Seventy-three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were examined, in 55 (75%) of whom involvement of the temporomandibular joint was detected, this involvement occurring at the debut of the disease, before involvement of other joints, in 44 subjects. The disease presented as ephemeral migrating asymmetrical arthralgia, more expressed by the evening hours, and, rarely, as temporomandibular arthritis and painful (functional) contractures. A frequent dissociation between the clinical and x-ray signs of the disease, no residual phenomena were observed. X-Ray examination can effectively rule out other diseases of the temporomandibular joint, first of all, destructive genesis.

[The characteristics of formulating a diagnosis in diseases of the temporomandibular joint]. / Osobennosti formulirovaniia diagnoza pri zabolevaniiakh visochnonizhnecheliustnogo sustava.

Classifications of temporomandibular diseases are discussed and formulations of diagnosis considered. The terms "articular dysfunction", "arthropathy", "arthritis", and "arthrosis" are defined and variants of their usage determined. A notion "arthralgia" is introduced as an individual nosological entity among temporomandibular diseases. The most frequent diagnostic errors are enumerated. The authors emphasize the undesirability of using some obscure terms and of diagnoses formulated as "arthrosis-arthritis" in diseases of the temporomandibular joint.

[The quantitative determination of dentinal fluid during the treatment of deep caries]. / Kolichestvennoe opredelenie dentinnoi zhidkosti v protsesse lecheniia glubokogo kariesa.

A method for dentin fluid measurements has been developed permitting an indirect judgement on remineralizing effect of drugs. The study was carried out in 36 teeth of 23 patients. Hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and, as a reference agent, calmecin were used in the treatment of deep caries. A reliable remineralizing effect of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate was revealed.

[The use of a calcium phosphate ceramic in treating deep caries]. / Primenenie kal'tsii-fosfatnoi keramiki pri lechenii glubokogo kariesa.

Clinical examinations of 36 teeth with deep caries were carried out in patients aged 16 to 38. Therapy with hydroxyl apatite and tricalcium phosphate was carried out and with calmecine for control. Additional methods for objective examination were assessment of pulp electric excitability and of dentin electric conduction. Repeated examinations of patients 1 and 6 months after treatment showed that hydroxyl apatite and tricalcium phosphate normalized the function of the pulp, caused remineralization of dentin in the bottom of carious cavity, and were effective in the treatment of deep caries.

[Instrumental evaluation of sensory thresholds in subjects with different pain sensitivity]. / Instrumental'naia otsenka sensornykh porogov u lits s razlichnoi iskhodnoi bolevoi chuvstvitel'nost'iu.

Will the aid of a modified apparatus the authors determined the sensory thresholds of tactile, and pain sensitivity, and the limit of pain tolerance. Subject to measurement were 500 persons. By the nature of the initial high sensitivity (minor thresholds), moderate (medium) and low (major thresholds) ones. The effect of taking by mouth metherasine (0.025) and amidopyrine with analgin (0.25 each) was analyzed in each group. It was ascertained that the mechanism of their action, produced the greatest effect in persons with an initially elevated sensitivity to pain stimulators. Metherasine changed to a greater extent the pain tolerance thresholds, whereas amidopyrin with analgin did the same with the pain thresholds. In individuals with an initially elevated pain sensitivity both the pain threshold and that or the pain tolerance were higher. These date are of importance for rational approach to an individual choice of substances to be prescribed with a different attitude to pain.

[Comparative efficiency of local anesthetics from the group of complex amides during therapeutic stomatological interventions]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' mestnykh anestetikov gruppy slozhnykh amidov pri vypolnenii terapevticheskikh stomatologicheskikh vmeshatel'stv.

The efficiency of infiltration, conduction, and intraligamental anesthesia with different drugs for dental interventions was evaluated in 331 patients without concomitant somatic diseases. The efficiency of local anesthesia depends primarily on the drug; other essential factors are the route of this drug administration and type of intervention in the oral cavity. The most effective of the studied anesthetics was 4% artisane with epinephrine 1:100,000; 3% prolocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 ranked second. These anesthetics maximally realized their effects at intraligamental injection during the treatment of caries and periodontitis.

[The combined treatment of lichen ruber planus of the mouth mucosa]. / Kompleksnoe lechenie krasnogo ploskogo lishaia slizistoi rta.

The treatment of 53 patients with lichen planus of the buccal mucosa included common methods of detoxication and immunomodulators in order to normalize the immune status and was supplemented with applications of codfish oil enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. As a result of such treatment, the duration of exacerbation was shorter and a stable more than one-year remission was attained, associated with normalization of the immunological parameters. In patients with the erosive ulcerative form of lichen local applications of codfish oil and gargling with Potentilla tormentilla tincture were conducive to a sooner control of the process.

[Cellular immunity in catarrhal gingivitis. Communication 2]. / Osobennosti kletochnogo immuniteta pri kataral'nom gingivite. Soobshchenie 2.

Immunological parameters of the periodontal peripheral blood were studied in patients aged 18-19 years with catarrhal gingivitis during the remission and exacerbation stages and in subjects with normal periodontium. The immune status was studied by flow laser cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Opposite changes in the lymphocyte and natural killer subpopulations were detected in periodontal blood of patients with catarrhal gingivitis at the stages of remission and exacerbation.

[Efficacy of treatment of chronic destructive forms of apical periodontitis using oral decontamination antibiotic therapy]. / Effektivnost' izlecheniia khronicheskikh destruktivnykh form verkhushechnogo periodontita s ispol'zovaniem peroral'noi dekontaminatsionnoi antibakterial'noi terapii.

The efficiency of preventive oral antibiotic therapy before the root channel filling was evaluated in 78 patients with granulating and granulomatous chronic periodontitis. Positive clinical changes were observed after lincomycin or rondomycin therapy (p = 0.017). The number of complaints was also less in the latter group (p > 0.05). The incidence of x-ray restoration of periapical foci of bone tissue destruction during 6 and 12 months was significantly higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) after preventive treatment with lincomycin or rondomycin, characterized by potent osteotropic effects (decontamination with rondomycin 81.8%, with lincomycin 70.3% vs. 31.0% without decontamination therapy).

[Composition of activated immunocompetent cells of periodontal blood in catarrhal gingivitis (Communication 3)]. / Osobennosti aktivatsionnogo sostava immunokompetentnykh kletok krovi parodonta pri kataral'nom gingivite (Soobshchenie 3).

Activation composition of lymphocyte population and killer cell phenotype are shifted in patients with catarrhal gingivitis during exacerbation and remission. Our findings indicate high activation of T-cellular immunity and NK cells in patients with exacerbation of catarrhal gingivitis, while remission is characterized by decreased level of activated T cells expressing HLA DR+ molecule on their surface and increased level of killer suppressors expressing IL-2 receptors.

[A mathematical model of the development of dental caries]. / Matematicheskaia model' razvitiia kariesa zubov.

A mathematical model is suggested, simulating the development of carious process in a tooth, based on an analytical approach. The process of hydrogen ions diffusion into enamel microspaces is described via transport equation. A simplified model explaining the formation of the involvement of the body of the tooth under the enamel surface at the initial stages of caries development is described in detail. Analysis has shown that the theoretical model is in good correlation with experimental data on the rate of chemical reaction of Ca radionuclide accumulation in the enamel surface and deeper layers.

[The clinical evaluation of the quality of tooth filling after exposure to hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid]. / Klinicheskaia otsenka kachestva plombirovaniia zubov posle vozdeistviia oksiétilidendifosfonovoi kisloty.

Ultrastructure of dental enamel was examined under electron microscope after exposure to hydroxyethylene diphosphonic (HEDP) acid and prophilometry of enamel surface was carried out after its exposure to acid salts; clinical studies in 105 patients aged 18-50 years with different diseases of hard dental tissues were carried out in order to assess the duration of filling preservation after dental enamel treatment with HEDP salts. Clinical results were assessed from subjective sensations of patients and data of examination. The criteria of assessing the results were presence of a filling in a filled carious cavity, marginal adhesion of the filling, alteration of color along the external interface of the filling, caries relapses, status of dental pulp and periapical tissues. Clinical and laboratory studies showed that treatment with HEDP acid creates favorable conditions for tooth filling.

[An experimental and clinical validation of the use of the ultraphonophoresis of a resorcin-formalin mixture in chronic periodontitis]. / Eksperim,ental'no-klinicheskoe obosnovanie primeneniia ul'trafonoforeza rezortsin-formalinovoi smesi pri khronicheskom periodontite.

Analysis of the parameters of the resorcin-formalin mixture of 10-40% concentration in an ultrasonic field (28.5 kHz), study of the phoretic activity of these mixtures on the section specimens of removed human teeth helped develop the method of ultraphonophoresis of the resorcin-formalin mixture on the teeth with poorly patent and nonpatent radical roots in patients with chronic destructive periodontium. Clinical follow-up of 42 patients showed the efficacy of this method.

[The restoration of teeth with subgingival fractures]. / Vosstanovlenie zubov s poddesnevymi perelomami.

The authors review the history of forced advancing of teeth and describe 10 patients with 10 upper teeth (3 lateral and 6 central canines and 1 first molar) with root fractures near the alveolar osseous crest which were treated by orthodontic forced advancing of the roots. For this purpose an orthodontic device consisting of an arch, provisional pin with a hook, and elastic traction were used. The rate of tooth advancing and time of adjacent periodontium rehabilitation were measured. The treatment was effective in all the cases, this recommending it for wide dental practice.

[Aseptic necrosis of the temporomandibular joint in systemic lupus erythematosus]. / Asepticheskii nekroz visochno-nizhnecheliustnogo sustava pri sistemnoi krasnoi volchanke.

A total of 285 patients with verified systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined. They complained of painful temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) and/or limited mobility of the mandible. Eight patients with chronic arthritis of the TMJ and a shortened (by 3-4 mm) mandibular branch were detected. In 4 female patients aged 25-38 with SLE lasting for about 5.5 years, unilateral signs of myoarticular dysfunction of the TMJ, flattening and decrease of the articular head without erosion and destruction, subcortical round foci with uneven internal contours were found in the central or median part of the head, with the compact bone above the foci thinned and the articular surface flattened; this prompted us to regard these changes as avascular necrosis (AN) of the joint. Shortening of the mandibular branch was caused by deformation of the neck of the articular process and its declination backwards. The detected changes in the TMJ were not accompanied by involvement of other joints. All these 4 patients with SLE and TMJ AN suffered from cerebropathy with epileptic attacks (frequent in 2 patients), Raynaud's syndrome, and bright capillaries of the palms and soles; 2 patients developed clinical picture of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance findings validating the development of TMJ AN in?