Lifestyle Behaviours Profile of Spanish Adolescents Who Actively Commute to School.

The aim of this study was to study different 'healthy profiles' through the impact of multiple lifestyle behaviours (sleep patterns, screen time and quality diet) on active commuting to school (ACS) in adolescents. Sixteen secondary schools from four Spanish cities were randomly selected. All participants filled in an "Ad-Hoc" questionnaire to measure their mode of commuting and distance from home to school and their lifestyle behaviours. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyse the main predictor variables of ACS. The final sample was 301 adolescents (50.2% girls; mean age ± SD: 14.9 ± 0.48 years). The percentage of ACS was 64.5%. Multiple logistic regressions showed: boys were more active commuters than girls [OR = 2.28 (CI 95%: 1.12−4.64); p = 0.02]; adolescents who lived farther had lower probability to ACS [OR = 0.74 (CI 95%: 0.69−0.80); p < 0.001]; adolescents who met sleep duration recommendations were more likely to ACS [OR = 3.05 (CI 95%: 1.07−8.69); p = 0.04], while with each hour of sleep, the odds of ACS was reduced [OR = 0.51 (CI 95%: 0.30−0.89); p = 0.02]; higher odds were shown to ACS in adolescents who have more adherence to MD [OR = 1.16(CI 95%: 1.00−1.33); p = 0.05]; and habitual breakfast consumption was inversely associated with ACS [OR = 0.41 (CI: 95%: 0.18−0.96); p = 0.04]. ACS was associated with being a boy, living at a shorter distance to school, a daily sleep time ≥ 8 h and presented a higher adherence to MD.

Associations among Active Commuting to School and Prevalence of Obesity in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Active commuting to school (ACS) seems to be one of the means to increase physical activity (PA) levels in youth, but it is unclear if ACS reduces the prevalence of obesity, protecting and improving their health. Most of the previous research has been conducted on children or youth (i.e., children with adolescents together), and there is a paucity of research in adolescents only. The purpose of this review was to assess the association between ACS with overweight/obesity parameters in adolescents aged 11 to 19 years. We used PubMed, WOS and SPORTDiscus as electronics databases. All steps of the process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA flow-diagram. Fifteen articles (68.18%) found a consistent association between ACS and body composition and seven studies (31.82%) showed no differences in body composition between active and passive commuters to school. Fourteen studies observed that active commuters to school had a more favorable body composition and one study reported that ACS was associated with unfavourable body composition. ACS could be the steppingstone to improve PA promotion in adolescence but whether ACS is associated with improved body composition and prevention of obesity requires further research.

[Weight loss and body composition changes through ketogenic diet and physical activity: a methodological and systematic review]. / Cambios en la pérdida de peso y la composición corporal con dieta cetogénica y práctica de actividad física: revisión narrativa, metodológica y sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: practice of physical activity and the ketogenic diet monitoring can have a double effect in helping in processes of weight loss and improvement of body composition and lipid profile. Objective: the objective of this review was to investigate the work done with obese patients who undertook a ketogenic diet and a physical exercise program, as well as to calculate the overall effect size in terms of improvements in fat mass, through a meta-analysis. Methods: the selection of studies was based on the following criteria: experimental studies; a) experimental studies (randomized controlled designs) and quasi-experimental (e.g. pre-test/post-test); b) studies with low-carbohydrate diet (< 30%) or very low in carbohydrates (5-10%) (< 50 g Ch) and/or high in fats (> 35%); c) studies were admitted exclusively with subjects that facility overweight or obesity (BMI > 25; and d) with measurements of body composition and/or Lipid profile at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results: for the methodological review, 7 articles and 3 reviews were analyzed. All studies, whether by establishing aerobic or strength training and show significant weight loss in all outcomes. Conclusions: comparing different types of exercise, we could say that interventions based on endurance exercise reported a decrease in muscle mass, however there was a maintenance, and even an increase, in studies with resistance exercises. Meta-analysis showed significant results at the global level with a medium heterogeneity, therefore, there will be greater reduction of fat mass in groups that realize diets with low carbohydrates and exercise that in those who do not undertake this type of diet, and those only perform exercise.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la práctica de actividad física y el seguimiento de una dieta cetogénica pueden suponer un doble efecto con mejores resultados en los procesos de pérdida de peso y mejora de la composición corporal y perfil lipídico. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión fue investigar los trabajos realizados con pacientes obesos que siguen una dieta cetogénica y un programa de ejercicio físico, así como calcular el tamaño del efecto en cuanto a las mejoras en la masa grasa, a través de un metaaanálisis. Métodos: la selección de estudios se basó en los siguientes criterios: estudios experimentales; a) estudios experimentales (diseños controlados aleatorizados) y cuasi-experimentales (por ejemplo: pre-test/post-test); b) estudios con dieta baja en carbohidratos (< 30%) o muy baja en carbohidratos (5-10%) (< 50 g Ch) y/o alta en grasas (> 35%); c) se admitieron estudios exclusivamente con sujetos que padecieran sobrepeso u obesidad (IMC > 25 y/o enfermedad metabólica relacionada; y d) con mediciones de composición corporal y/o perfil lipídico al principio y al final de la intervención. Resultados: se analizaron 7 artículos y 3 revisiones. Comparando los diferentes tipos de ejercicio se podría afirmar que destaca la disminución de masa muscular en aquellos en los que las intervenciones son con ejercicio aeróbico, manteniéndose e incluso aumentando, en los estudios donde se realizó un ejercicio de fuerza. El metaanálisis nos muestra una reducción significativa de la masa grasa con una heterogeneidad media, por lo tanto, habrá mayor reducción de masa grasa en grupos que realizan dieta baja en carbohidratos y ejercicio que en los que no realizan dieta o tan solo realizan ejercicio. Conclusiones: la combinación de dieta cetogénica y ejercicio físico puede reducir la masa grasa en comparación con realizar solo dieta o solo ejercicio físico.

Cambios en la pérdida de peso y la composición corporal con dieta cetogénica y práctica de actividad física: revisión narrativa, metodológica y sistemática / Weight loss and body composition changes through ketogenic diet and physical activity: a methodological and systematic review

Introducción: la práctica de actividad física y el seguimiento de una dieta cetogénica pueden suponer un doble efecto con mejores resultados en los procesos de pérdida de peso y mejora de la composición corporal y perfil lipídico. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión fue investigar los trabajos realizados con pacientes obesos que siguen una dieta cetogénica y un programa de ejercicio físico, así como calcular el tamaño del efecto en cuanto a las mejoras en la masa grasa, a través de un metaaanálisis. Métodos: la selección de estudios se basó en los siguientes criterios: estudios experimentales; a) estudios experimentales (diseños controlados aleatorizados) y cuasi-experimentales (por ejemplo: pre-test/post-test); b) estudios con dieta baja en carbohidratos (< 30%) o muy baja en carbohidratos (5-10%) (< 50 g Ch) y/o alta en grasas (> 35%); c) se admitieron estudios exclusivamente con sujetos que padecieran sobrepeso u obesidad (IMC > 25 y/o enfermedad metabólica relacionada; y d) con mediciones de composición corporal y/o perfil lipídico al principio y al final de la intervención. Resultados: se analizaron 7 artículos y 3 revisiones. Comparando los diferentes tipos de ejercicio se podría afirmar que destaca la disminución de masa muscular en aquellos en los que las intervenciones son con ejercicio aeróbico, manteniéndose e incluso aumentando, en los estudios donde se realizó un ejercicio de fuerza. El metaanálisis nos muestra una reducción significativa de la masa grasa con una heterogeneidad media, por lo tanto, habrá mayor reducción de masa grasa en grupos que realizan dieta baja en carbohidratos y ejercicio que en los que no realizan dieta o tan solo realizan ejercicio. Conclusiones: la combinación de dieta cetogénica y ejercicio físico puede reducir la masa grasa en comparación con realizar solo dieta o solo ejercicio físico

Introduction: practice of physical activity and the ketogenic diet monitoring can have a double effect in helping in processes of weight loss and improvement of body composition and lipid profile. Objective: the objective of this review was to investigate the work done with obese patients who undertook a ketogenic diet and a physical exercise program, as well as to calculate the overall effect size in terms of improvements in fat mass, through a meta-analysis. Methods: the selection of studies was based on the following criteria: experimental studies; a) experimental studies (randomized controlled designs) and quasi-experimental (e.g. pre-test/post-test); b) studies with low-carbohydrate diet (< 30%) or very low in carbohydrates (5-10%) (< 50 g Ch) and/or high in fats (> 35%); c) studies were admitted exclusively with subjects that facility overweight or obesity (BMI > 25; and d) with measurements of body composition and/or Lipid profile at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results: for the methodological review, 7 articles and 3 reviews were analyzed. All studies, whether by establishing aerobic or strength training and show significant weight loss in all outcomes. Conclusions: comparing different types of exercise, we could say that interventions based on endurance exercise reported a decrease in muscle mass, however there was a maintenance, and even an increase, in studies with resistance exercises. Meta-analysis showed significant results at the global level with a medium heterogeneity, therefore, there will be greater reduction of fat mass in groups that realize diets with low carbohydrates and exercise that in those who do not undertake this type of diet, and those only perform exercise