PIP IMPLANTS--CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW.

Non-compliance with the production process and use of non-certified materials du- ring production of PIP implants opened an extensive debate regarding regulation and control mechanisms during their production, but the question of health safety of breast implants in general was also reopened. Production of breast implants is subject to various control mechanisms in each country and it is necessary to unify and coordinate such mechanisms. PIP implants were on the market for more than 15 years and in this period the production process and used materials were being changed purposely and without control, which resulted in production of implants with poor quality capsule filled with non-certified silicon gel. There were around 600,000 of these erroneous implants produced. Despite demonstrable harmfulness of the PIP implants, the current studies were not able to reliably confirm health hazard of these implants. Financial costs together with the inability to demonstrate health risk of PIP implants is the reason why the question to widely replace these implants was not solved and each state has a different opinion on this issue.

[Primary retrofascial abscess in the iliopsoas muscle caused by salmonella enteritidis.]. / Primární retrofasciální absces iliopsoatického svalu zpusobený Salmonelou enteritidis.

This case report and review of literature demonstrates a rare entity of a primary retrofascial abscess in the iliopsoas muscle caused by Salmonella enteritidis, that progressed into the iliac fossa. It is of importance to the orthopedic surgeon in his differential diagnosis of hip pain and vertebrogenic disorders. It can also resemble other infectious diseases or tumors as it occurs mainly in young or imunosuppressed individuals. The primary and secondary etiology of this disease and it's different names are discussed together with the underlying bacteria. Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings are compared as well as the outcome of different types of treatment. When clinically suspecting this disease it is useful to confirm it with sonography and then perform CT scans for accurate planing of surgery. n the initial phase a CT guided drainage together with antibiotics and exceptionally only conservative treatment can cure the patient. In delayed cases it is necessary to preform an open drainage and cases with fatal outcomes have also been reported mainly in secondary abscesses. If early diagnosed and properly treated, this disease can be easily managed, therefore we have to keep it in mind in our differential diagnosis of indicated cases. Key words: primary pyogenic retrofascial abscess of the iliopsoas muscle, iliac fossa abscess, nontuberculous psoas abscess, psoitis, Salmonella enteritidis, clinical diagnosis, radiological diagnosis, surgical treatment, antibiotic treatment, ethiology.