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1.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 56(4): 391-7, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25832323

RESUMEN

For accurate interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the equine brain, knowledge of the normal cross-sectional anatomy of the brain and associated structures (such as the cranial nerves) is essential. The purpose of this prospective cadaver study was to describe and compare MRI and computed tomography (CT) anatomy of cranial nerves' origins and associated skull foramina in a sample of five horses. All horses were presented for euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the head. Heads were collected posteuthanasia and T2-weighted MR images were obtained in the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes. Thin-slice MR sequences were also acquired using transverse 3D-CISS sequences that allowed mutliplanar reformatting. Transverse thin-slice CT images were acquired and multiplanar reformatting was used to create comparative images. Magnetic resonance imaging consistently allowed visualization of cranial nerves II, V, VII, VIII, and XII in all horses. The cranial nerves III, IV, and VI were identifiable as a group despite difficulties in identification of individual nerves. The group of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI were identified in 4/5 horses although the region where they exited the skull was identified in all cases. The course of nerves II and V could be followed on several slices and the main divisions of cranial nerve V could be distinguished in all cases. In conclusion, CT allowed clear visualization of the skull foramina and occasionally the nerves themselves, facilitating identification of the nerves for comparison with MRI images.


Asunto(s)
Nervios Craneales/anatomía & histología , Caballos/anatomía & histología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Nervio Abducens/anatomía & histología , Nervio Abducens/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Accesorio/anatomía & histología , Nervio Accesorio/diagnóstico por imagen , Anatomía Transversal , Animales , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cadáver , Nervios Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Facial/anatomía & histología , Nervio Facial/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Glosofaríngeo/anatomía & histología , Nervio Glosofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Hipogloso/anatomía & histología , Nervio Hipogloso/diagnóstico por imagen , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Nervio Oculomotor/anatomía & histología , Nervio Oculomotor/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Óptico/anatomía & histología , Nervio Óptico/efectos de la radiación , Estudios Prospectivos , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Trigémino/anatomía & histología , Nervio Trigémino/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Troclear/anatomía & histología , Nervio Troclear/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Vago/anatomía & histología , Nervio Vago/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Vestibulococlear/anatomía & histología , Nervio Vestibulococlear/diagnóstico por imagen
2.
Vet Surg ; 42(3): 322-8, 2013 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23432392

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To use computed tomography (CT) to assess the distribution of surgically administered clotrimazole cream and associated filling of the frontal sinuses and caudal aspect of the nasal cavities in canine cadavers. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: Small (n = 1) and medium-large (n = 11) breed canine cadavers. METHODS: CT scans of 12 cadaveric canine heads were used to confirm absence of sinonasal disease. Then after creating an opening into the left and right frontal sinuses with a 3.2 mm Steinmann pin at standardized landmarks, clotrimazole cream (20 g) was instilled into each side. Postoperative CT scans of the heads was used to assess the distribution and degree of filling of the sinonasal cavities with clotrimazole cream, and to identify any damage to local structures. RESULTS: Filling was excellent in 22 sinuses, very poor in 2, and excellent in all caudal nasal cavities. Two cadavers had damage: unilateral penetration of the cranium (2) and unilateral penetration of the lateral sinus wall (1). CONCLUSION: Excellent filling of most of the frontal sinuses and caudal nasal cavity of cadavers with clotrimazole cream is achieved when administered by this technique. Damage to local structures may occur intraoperatively using this technique.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Clotrimazol/administración & dosificación , Seno Frontal/cirugía , Administración Intranasal , Animales , Aspergilosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Aspergilosis/cirugía , Aspergilosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Femenino , Seno Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Frontal/microbiología , Sinusitis Frontal/tratamiento farmacológico , Sinusitis Frontal/microbiología , Sinusitis Frontal/cirugía , Sinusitis Frontal/veterinaria , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria
3.
J Vet Intern Med ; 35(2): 1008-1017, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33559928

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected after a seizure is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To characterize and describe seizure-induced changes detected by MRI. ANIMALS: Eighty-one client-owned dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy. METHODS: Data collected retrospectively from medical records and included anatomical areas affected, T1-, T2-weighted and T2-FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) appearance, whether changes were unilateral or bilateral, symmetry, contrast enhancement, mass effect, and, gray and white matter distribution. Diffusion- and perfusion weighted maps were evaluated, if available. RESULTS: Seizure-induced changes were T2-hyperintense with no suppression of signal on FLAIR. Lesions were T1-isointense (55/81) or hypointense (26/81), local mass effect (23/81) and contrast enhancement (12/81). The majority of changes were bilateral (71/81) and symmetrical (69/71). The most common areas affected were the hippocampus (39/81) cingulate gyrus (33/81), hippocampus and piriform lobes (32/81). Distribution analysis suggested concurrence between cingulate gyrus and pulvinar thalamic nuclei, the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus and piriform lobe, and, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Diffusion (DWI) characteristics were a mixed-pattern of restricted, facilitated, and normal diffusion. Perfusion (PWI) showed either hypoperfusion (6/9) or hyperperfusion (3/9). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: More areas, than previously reported, have been identified that could incur seizure-induced changes. Similar to human literature, DWI and PWI changes have been identified that could reflect the underlying metabolic and vascular changes.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Epilepsia , Sustancia Blanca , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Perros , Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagen , Epilepsia/veterinaria , Hipocampo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos
4.
Vet Rec ; 182(26): 745, 2018 06 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29540556

RESUMEN

The constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence has been widely used in human neuroimaging. It has been shown to be advantageous in the evaluation of intra-axial and extra-axial cystic abnormalities, arteriovenous and dysraphic malformations and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. To assess the utility of this technique in small animals, interpretations based on this sequence were compared with those based on T2-weighted (T2W) sequences in 145 dogs that underwent MRI of the spine for suspected spinal cord disease. Two sets of images (T2W and CISS) were reviewed separately by three observers in random order and intraobserver and interobserver agreements between both sequences were evaluated for several categorical variables. The overall agreement between T2W and CISS sequences was good. The highest agreement was observed for lesion diagnosis (0.739

Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagenología Tridimensional/veterinaria , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen
5.
Vet Rec ; 182(13): 380, 2018 03 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29288239

RESUMEN

Spinal cord dysfunction secondary to spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) has been widely reported in the veterinary literature and there is some suggestion that surgical treatment may provide better outcomes than medical treatment. Despite this, previous reports have mentioned cases with recurrence of clinical signs following surgical treatment but the cause for this has not been further investigated. The medical records of seven dogs and one cat which presented for investigation of recurrence of neurological deficits at least six months after surgery for SAD were retrospectively reviewed. Median time to relapse of the neurological deficits was 20.5 months after surgery. On repeated imaging, 3/8 cases showed clear regrowth of diverticulum, 2/8 cases showed dorsal compression at the previous laminectomy site (presumed to be the laminectomy membrane), and 3/8 cases showed herniation of the spinal cord through the laminectomy defect associated with a stellate appearance to the spinal cord with small multiloculated areas of dilation of the subarachnoid space. Repeat surgical intervention was most successful in the cases where SAD recurrence was identified while medical treatment resulted in either subtle improvement or stabilisation on the clinical signs, sometimes followed by slow deterioration.


Asunto(s)
Quistes Aracnoideos/cirugía , Quistes Aracnoideos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/epidemiología , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
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