Australia's first case of AIDS? Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and HIV in 1981.

OBJECTIVE: To present the earliest Australian case of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported to date. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 72-year-old man developed a prolonged illness, beginning in February 1981, characterised by anorexia, malaise, weight loss and an episode of herpes zoster. In July he noted the insidious onset of dyspnoea with a productive cough. He was admitted to hospital in August, where Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed from a transbronchial lung biopsy. Splenomegaly and generalised lymphadenopathy were noted but a scalene lymph node biopsy examined at that time failed to establish an underlying diagnosis. The patient was single and lived alone in an inner suburb of Sydney. He had never left Australia and had never received a blood transfusion. His sexual history is not recorded, nor is there any documented history of intravenous drug use. OUTCOME: The patient died in September 1981. Recent re-examination of the preserved lymph node specimen by means of an in-situ hybridisation method detected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Preserved prostatic tissue from a resection performed in January 1980 on the same patient was also found to be HIV positive. CONCLUSION: AIDS existed in Australia as early as July 1981, around the time of the publication of the first American case reports. Whether this represents an isolated case in a man who progressed rapidly because of his relatively advanced age, or whether HIV was present earlier in Australia than previously thought, remains unanswered.

Results of autopsy 7 months after successful endoluminal treatment of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PURPOSE: To report the results of a postmortem examination in a patient who died of unrelated causes 7 months following endoluminal treatment of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHODS: As part of an FDA Phase I pilot study, a 73-year-old man underwent successful endoluminal exclusion of an infrarenal AAA using a 9-cm-long endograft (Endovascular Grafting System). Seven months later, he succumbed to complications of a spontaneous esophageal rupture. At autopsy, the aorta was dissected in situ by a vascular surgeon and pathologist before being explanted in order to examine the wound healing characteristics at the aorta-endograft interface. Particular attention was also directed to the hooks composing the attachment system at each end of the endograft. RESULTS: Macroscopic and microscopic examination revealed that the graft had completely excluded the aneurysm sac from the circulation and was incorporated into the aortic wall at the proximal neck and distal cuff. A smooth pannus of endothelial cells covered the proximal end of the endograft at the areas of contact with the aorta, while microscopic examination of the distal end of the graft revealed poorly formed, fibrinous pannus. The neointima deep to the endothelium consisted of a collagenous matrix containing myofibroblasts and histiocytes, providing evidence of healing between the endograft and aorta. Both renal arteries were clear of the proximal end of the endograft, but a previously unrecognized right lower pole renal artery with an extremely caudal origin was excluded from the aortic lumen. Each hook of the attachment system was seen protruding through the adventitia of the aorta. There was no evidence of trauma to the aortic wall or the surrounding tissues caused by these hooks. CONCLUSION: There appears to be evidence that an endoluminally placed aortic graft may be incorporated by the host aortic tissue.