[Proximal limits of resection and the role of mediastinal lymph dissection in surgical treatment of gastroesophageal cancer].

An analysis of results of treatment of 37 patients allowed a conclusion that differential approach is possible in choice of the level of resection of the esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). Resection of the esophagus within the limits of 2-3 cm from the proximal edge of the tumor can be performed for GEC in the absence of data of spread of the tumor outsides the limits of the organ wall and pronounced lymphogenic dissemination. Extension of the resection limits to 4 cm and more is necessary in performing radical operations in patients with late stages of the disease. Ablation of the lymph nodes of the lower mediastinum is a necessary component of radical operative interventions in treatment of patients with GEC.

[Peculiarities of silicosis course in women engaged into metallurgy].

The study covers comparative analysis of silicosis course in males and females engaged into iron industry. Findings are more frequent combination of silicosis and chronic bronchitis in the females, without smoking habit. Some other differences in silicosis course and development were seen dependent on sex.

[Prospective analysis of clinical course and outcomes in silicosis patients].

The authors revealed features of clinical course and outcomes in patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis, who worked on iron industry enterprise. The article covers comparative analysis of survival rate and mortality among silicosis patients over 14 years of observation.

Comparative characteristics of spatial hearing in the dolphin Tursiops truncatus and man.

Directional hearing in dolphins and man was studied by measuring thresholds of detection of signals in noise relative to angle of incidence of interference. The data obtained, evidence of the presence of definite spatial directionality of the hearing system of the dolphin, is expressed in a sharp improvement of thresholds of detection of signals in noise corresponding to the distance of the source of noise from the source of the positive signal in the high frequency range. This effect was also discovered in man, but to a lesser degree.

[Noise resistance of the dolphin auditory analyzer as a function of the directional angle of the noise]. / Pomekhoustoichivost' slukhovogo analizatora del'fina kak funksiia ugla pred"iavleniia pomekhi

Masked tonal thresholds by noise in the bottlenose dolphin have been measured as a function of angle of noise direction. Sharp directional selectivity of hearing has been discovered resulting in an abrupt decrease of noise masking with the increase of the angle of noise coming. It has been shown that narrow directional characteristics of hearing is an angle 8 degrees plus or minus 2 degrees for the level of minus 3db. It is one of the main mechanisms supplying the echolocation system of the dolphin with the high level of resistance to noise.

[Physiological significance of gastroduodenal blood flow and possibilities of its regulation by drugs]. / Fiziologicheskoe znachenie gastroduodenal'nogo krovotoka i vozmozhnosti ego farmakoreguliatsii.

The authors review the role of the gastroduodenal blood flow as a factor ensuring the secretory activity and protective properties of the gastric mucosa. The possibilities of its pharmacoregulation are also reviewed. It has been shown that the decrease of the gastric blood flow in experimental hemorrhagic shock, extravasal celiac artery stenosis, effects of indomethacin, vasopressin, etc. leads to ischemic injuries to the gastric mucosa accompanied by serious morphological and functional disturbances. The pathogenetic aspects of ischemic injuries to the stomach and duodenum are confirmed by the results of clinical examinations of patients with compression celiac artery stenosis and peptic ulcer. It has been noted that in these patients, the tissue blood flow in the mucosa in considerably decreased in the area of ulcerous defect. The lowering of the content of total phospholipids and changes in their composition were also observed both in relapse and after healing. Out of agents that improve peripheral circulation, propranolol, tavegil combined with cimetidine, trimin appeared most potent. These drugs regulate metabolic processes in gastric tissue, normalizing blood flow, reducing the content of histamine, serotonin, lipid peroxidation products, raising the level of total phospholipids and pepsin.

[Vascular mechanisms of disorders of rheological properties of the blood in patients with myocardial infarction]. / Sosudistye mekhanizmy narusheniia reologicheskikh svoistv krovi u bo'lnykh infarktom miokarda.

The contribution made by vascular factors to impairment of blood rheological properties was demonstrated on the basis of examination of 65 apparently healthy persons by using a vascular occlusion test. The vascular endothelium showed a decrease in fibrinolytic, anticoagulant, antiaggregatory activities. The new term "hemorheological tolerance to vascular occlusion" was proposed to use. A number of quantitative and qualitative indices for normal hemorheological tolerance were identified. The paper provides data on the frequency of particular mechanisms responsible for its decrease. It also emphasizes that the knowledge of the mechanisms of vascular impairments makes it possible to choose a combined drug therapy for myocardial infarction in a differential fashion.

[Compression stenosis of the celiac trunk as 1 of the causes of ischemic disease of the digestive organs]. / Kompressionnyi stenoz chrevnogo stvola kak odna iz prichin ishemicheskoi bolezni organov pishchevareniia.

Experience in the treatment of 218 patients with compression stenosis of the celiac trunk is generalized. The clinical symptoms and the angiographic semiotics of the disease are described in detail. Active surgical tactics is substantiated and the results of operations are studied.

[The diagnosis of Helicobacter infections in patients with gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers]. / Diagnostika khelikobakternoi infektsii u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The results of the study of 33 patients having gastroduodenal peptic ulcer, with 9 of them subjected to surgical treatment, are presented. The diagnostics of Helicobacter infection was made with the use of bacteriological and biochemical assays. The study revealed that in the overwhelming majority of cases peptic ulcer was associated with the presence of H.pylori, and the most informative method for the diagnostics of H.pylori infection was the bacteriological study of biopsies from the pyloric antrum characterized by the highest degree of massive contamination. The determination of ammonia concentration by biochemical assay with the use of Aerotest was most suitable for the diagnostics of H.pylori infection in patients with a short history of peptic ulcer.

[Selective sensitivity of hearing to amplitude modulation of speech in man]. / Ob izbiratel'noi chuvstvitel'nosti slukha cheloveka ka amplitudnoi moduliatlsii rechi

Studies on the sensitivity of man's hearing to the reception of amplitude modulation (AM) of the sound reveal statistically reliable threshold minimum in the region of 4-6 c. p. s. It is suggested that this phenomenon is evolutionary conditioned by tuning of human auditory system on the perception of speech, in which AM results from articulation of the syllables. The acoustical analysis of several speech extracts demonstrated statistically reliable maximum of AM of the sound flow just within 4-6 c. p. s. Therefore, the selective sensitivity of hearing to perception of these AM frequencies increases the safety and interference resistance of the system "speech-hearing".

[Comparative characteristics of the spatial hearing in the dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, and in man]. / Sravnitel'nye kharakteristiki prostranstvennogo slukha del'fina Tursiops truncatus i cheloveka.

The paper presents data on the directional selectivity of hearing in the bottlenose dolphin as a function of masking noise angle. It has been shown that the hearing system of dolphins is characterised by sharp lowering of masked thresholds depending on the noise going in the high frequency region. The same effect is shown in man, but not so evidently.

[Development in human ontogeny of the ability to reproduce a given rhythm]. / O formirovanii v ontogeneze cheloveka sposobnosti k vosproizvedeniiu zadannogo ritma.

Studies have been made on the capacity of persons from various age groups to reproduce the frequency of the given sonic sequence vocally or by hand. It was shown that each age group has its own optimal frequency band. The younger a person, the more narrow the zone of optimal reproduction of rhythm and the upper frequency of the reproduced rhythm. The highest precision of reproduction of the rhythm both vocally and by hand was observed in adult persons. In all age groups investigated, the highest precision of rhythmic reproduction is observed within the frequencies of amplitudal modulation of speech (3-6 Hz).

[A decrease in the activity of the nucleolar organizers of the gastric and duodenal mucosal cells in peptic ulcer patients]. / Snizhenie aktivnosti iadryshkovykh organizatorov kletok slizistoi obolochki zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

Silver plating of nucleoli was used to study the activity of nucleolar organizers (NO) in the cells of one-layer prismatic epithelium of the gastric and duodenal mucosae. The activity of NO was established to be lowered in patients suffering from ulcer disease and in patients with compression stenosis of the celiac trunk, which may point to the impairment of protein synthetic processes in the cells. Factor of ischemia as the most probable cause of the enumerated changes is under discussion.

[Interhemispheric brain asymmetry in speech perception by persons of different age groups and the "effect of directional attention"]. / Mezhpolusharnaia asimmetriia golovnogo mozga pri vospriiatii rechi u liudei raznykh vozrastnykh grupp i "éffekt napravlennogo vnimaniia"

Using dichotic tests, studies have been made on the degree of functional asymmetry of the brain with respect to perception of verbal information in 3-50 years old subjects. Significant age variations were found in the volume of the percepted speech information. Interhemispheral differences in speech perception, which reveal themselves in higher perception of the right ear as compared to the left one, are more evident in children under 10 years. Significant influence of the "effect of voluntary and involuntary attention" of the subjects was noted on the degree of asymmetry of dichotic speech perception, this influence alleviating the intrinsic functional asymmetry of the brain.

[Age-related characteristics of human perception of emotions in speech and in singing]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti vospriiatiia chelovekom émotsii v rechi i penii.

Monoaural presentation (in sequence to the left and right ears) of speech and vocal-musical phrases with different emotional content (joy, grief, anger, fear, indifference) has been made to children ageing between 7 and 16 years. These passages were performed by professional actors or singers. Absolute differences in the probability of correct identification of different emotions were obtained. They are maximal for fear and anger, being minimal for joy. Left ear preference to perception of emotions both in speech and in singing is already formed in 7-8 years old children.

[Detection of Helicobacter pylori in stomach cancer]. / Vyiavlenie Helicobacter pylori pri rake zheludka.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was detected in different segments of the gastric mucosa in 13 patients with stomach tumors. Twenty five patients suffering from stomach ulcers were used as controls. HP infection was diagnosed by means of urease and microbiological testing. HP was identified in all cases of stomach cancer, the rates of dissemination in the mucosa in such patients being higher than in those with stomach ulcers.

[Lipid peroxidation in the blood and tissues of patients with peptic ulcer]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v krovi i tkaniakh u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

Investigation of 67 patients with peptic ulcer revealed a reliable activation of lipid peroxidation processes both in the blood of the patients and in the mucous membrane in the area of the ulcer location immediately. The activation of lipid peroxidation resulted in a decrease in the contents of phospholipids in the biological membranes of the mucosa cells. The alterations revealed occurred in the presence of inhibition of the antioxidant system of the body. The authors proved the efficacy of the use of antioxidant formulations and ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in the treatment of patients which resulted in acceleration of the ulcer cicatrization and the reduction of the inpatient period as well as the improvement of surgical results.

[Blood flow and free radical oxidation of lipids in gastric and duodenal mucosa in complicated duodenal ulcers]. / Krovotok i svobodno-radikal'noe okislenie lipidov v slizistoi zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki pri oslozhnennom techenii duodenal'noi iazvy.

38 patients with complicated duodenal ulcer were examined with polarographic method. The significant decrease of tissue blood flow was revealed in all segments of gastroduodenal zone. The increased level of free-radical oxidation of lipids was determined in duodenal mucosa and ulcer edges. Disorders of blood supply and activation of free-radical lipid oxidation play an important role in the mechanism of ulcer formation. The drugs improving blood supply and antioxidants should be used in combined therapy and preoperative preparation.