RESUMEN
An analysis of results of treatment of 37 patients allowed a conclusion that differential approach is possible in choice of the level of resection of the esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). Resection of the esophagus within the limits of 2-3 cm from the proximal edge of the tumor can be performed for GEC in the absence of data of spread of the tumor outsides the limits of the organ wall and pronounced lymphogenic dissemination. Extension of the resection limits to 4 cm and more is necessary in performing radical operations in patients with late stages of the disease. Ablation of the lymph nodes of the lower mediastinum is a necessary component of radical operative interventions in treatment of patients with GEC.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Unión Esofagogástrica/cirugía , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Mediastino/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Esofagectomía/métodos , Unión Esofagogástrica/patología , Gastrectomía/métodos , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/normas , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Mediastino/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Toracotomía/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The study covers comparative analysis of silicosis course in males and females engaged into iron industry. Findings are more frequent combination of silicosis and chronic bronchitis in the females, without smoking habit. Some other differences in silicosis course and development were seen dependent on sex.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/toxicidad , Polvo , Metalurgia , Cuarzo/toxicidad , Silicosis/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Factores Sexuales , Silicosis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The authors revealed features of clinical course and outcomes in patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis, who worked on iron industry enterprise. The article covers comparative analysis of survival rate and mortality among silicosis patients over 14 years of observation.
Asunto(s)
Metalurgia , Silicosis , Silicotuberculosis , Anciano , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Humanos , Incidencia , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Siberia , Silicosis/diagnóstico , Silicosis/epidemiología , Silicosis/mortalidad , Silicotuberculosis/diagnóstico , Silicotuberculosis/epidemiología , Silicotuberculosis/mortalidad , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Ecocardiografía , Humanos , Laparotomía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicaciones , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/métodos , Arteria Carótida Interna/cirugía , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esofagectomía/métodos , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/cirugía , Angiografía , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Neoplasias Esofágicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/complicaciones , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Directional hearing in dolphins and man was studied by measuring thresholds of detection of signals in noise relative to angle of incidence of interference. The data obtained, evidence of the presence of definite spatial directionality of the hearing system of the dolphin, is expressed in a sharp improvement of thresholds of detection of signals in noise corresponding to the distance of the source of noise from the source of the positive signal in the high frequency range. This effect was also discovered in man, but to a lesser degree.
Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva , Delfines , Localización de Sonidos , Animales , Aprendizaje Discriminativo , Humanos , Enmascaramiento PerceptualRESUMEN
Masked tonal thresholds by noise in the bottlenose dolphin have been measured as a function of angle of noise direction. Sharp directional selectivity of hearing has been discovered resulting in an abrupt decrease of noise masking with the increase of the angle of noise coming. It has been shown that narrow directional characteristics of hearing is an angle 8 degrees plus or minus 2 degrees for the level of minus 3db. It is one of the main mechanisms supplying the echolocation system of the dolphin with the high level of resistance to noise.
Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva , Delfines/fisiología , Analizadores Neurales/fisiología , Orientación , Animales , Teoría de la InformaciónRESUMEN
The authors review the role of the gastroduodenal blood flow as a factor ensuring the secretory activity and protective properties of the gastric mucosa. The possibilities of its pharmacoregulation are also reviewed. It has been shown that the decrease of the gastric blood flow in experimental hemorrhagic shock, extravasal celiac artery stenosis, effects of indomethacin, vasopressin, etc. leads to ischemic injuries to the gastric mucosa accompanied by serious morphological and functional disturbances. The pathogenetic aspects of ischemic injuries to the stomach and duodenum are confirmed by the results of clinical examinations of patients with compression celiac artery stenosis and peptic ulcer. It has been noted that in these patients, the tissue blood flow in the mucosa in considerably decreased in the area of ulcerous defect. The lowering of the content of total phospholipids and changes in their composition were also observed both in relapse and after healing. Out of agents that improve peripheral circulation, propranolol, tavegil combined with cimetidine, trimin appeared most potent. These drugs regulate metabolic processes in gastric tissue, normalizing blood flow, reducing the content of histamine, serotonin, lipid peroxidation products, raising the level of total phospholipids and pepsin.
Asunto(s)
Clemastina/farmacología , Duodeno/irrigación sanguínea , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H1/farmacología , Antagonistas de los Receptores H2 de la Histamina/farmacología , Propranolol/farmacología , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/irrigación sanguínea , Animales , Duodeno/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/irrigación sanguínea , Ratas , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Úlcera Gástrica/fisiopatología , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
The contribution made by vascular factors to impairment of blood rheological properties was demonstrated on the basis of examination of 65 apparently healthy persons by using a vascular occlusion test. The vascular endothelium showed a decrease in fibrinolytic, anticoagulant, antiaggregatory activities. The new term "hemorheological tolerance to vascular occlusion" was proposed to use. A number of quantitative and qualitative indices for normal hemorheological tolerance were identified. The paper provides data on the frequency of particular mechanisms responsible for its decrease. It also emphasizes that the knowledge of the mechanisms of vascular impairments makes it possible to choose a combined drug therapy for myocardial infarction in a differential fashion.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/etiología , Trombosis Coronaria/etiología , Vasos Coronarios/fisiopatología , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Agregación Plaquetaria/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Pronóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Experience in the treatment of 218 patients with compression stenosis of the celiac trunk is generalized. The clinical symptoms and the angiographic semiotics of the disease are described in detail. Active surgical tactics is substantiated and the results of operations are studied.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Celíaca , Sistema Digestivo/irrigación sanguínea , Isquemia/etiología , Adulto , Arteria Celíaca/cirugía , Enfermedad Crónica , Constricción Patológica/complicaciones , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/cirugía , Estómago/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Vasculares/complicacionesRESUMEN
The results of the study of 33 patients having gastroduodenal peptic ulcer, with 9 of them subjected to surgical treatment, are presented. The diagnostics of Helicobacter infection was made with the use of bacteriological and biochemical assays. The study revealed that in the overwhelming majority of cases peptic ulcer was associated with the presence of H.pylori, and the most informative method for the diagnostics of H.pylori infection was the bacteriological study of biopsies from the pyloric antrum characterized by the highest degree of massive contamination. The determination of ammonia concentration by biochemical assay with the use of Aerotest was most suitable for the diagnostics of H.pylori infection in patients with a short history of peptic ulcer.
Asunto(s)
Úlcera Duodenal/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Amoníaco/análisis , Biopsia , Pruebas Respiratorias , Úlcera Duodenal/etiología , Duodeno/microbiología , Duodeno/patología , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiología , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologíaRESUMEN
Studies on the sensitivity of man's hearing to the reception of amplitude modulation (AM) of the sound reveal statistically reliable threshold minimum in the region of 4-6 c. p. s. It is suggested that this phenomenon is evolutionary conditioned by tuning of human auditory system on the perception of speech, in which AM results from articulation of the syllables. The acoustical analysis of several speech extracts demonstrated statistically reliable maximum of AM of the sound flow just within 4-6 c. p. s. Therefore, the selective sensitivity of hearing to perception of these AM frequencies increases the safety and interference resistance of the system "speech-hearing".
Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva , Sonido , Habla , Estimulación Acústica , Humanos , Matemática , FonéticaRESUMEN
The paper presents data on the directional selectivity of hearing in the bottlenose dolphin as a function of masking noise angle. It has been shown that the hearing system of dolphins is characterised by sharp lowering of masked thresholds depending on the noise going in the high frequency region. The same effect is shown in man, but not so evidently.
Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva/fisiología , Delfines/fisiología , Percepción Espacial/fisiología , Animales , Umbral Auditivo/fisiología , Humanos , Ruido , Orientación/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Studies have been made on the capacity of persons from various age groups to reproduce the frequency of the given sonic sequence vocally or by hand. It was shown that each age group has its own optimal frequency band. The younger a person, the more narrow the zone of optimal reproduction of rhythm and the upper frequency of the reproduced rhythm. The highest precision of reproduction of the rhythm both vocally and by hand was observed in adult persons. In all age groups investigated, the highest precision of rhythmic reproduction is observed within the frequencies of amplitudal modulation of speech (3-6 Hz).
Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva/fisiología , Relojes Biológicos , Fonación , Voz , Adulto , Envejecimiento , Niño , Preescolar , Mano/fisiología , Humanos , MovimientoRESUMEN
Silver plating of nucleoli was used to study the activity of nucleolar organizers (NO) in the cells of one-layer prismatic epithelium of the gastric and duodenal mucosae. The activity of NO was established to be lowered in patients suffering from ulcer disease and in patients with compression stenosis of the celiac trunk, which may point to the impairment of protein synthetic processes in the cells. Factor of ischemia as the most probable cause of the enumerated changes is under discussion.
Asunto(s)
Duodeno/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Región Organizadora del Nucléolo/metabolismo , Úlcera Péptica/metabolismo , Duodenitis/metabolismo , Gastritis/metabolismo , Humanos , ARN/metabolismoRESUMEN
Using dichotic tests, studies have been made on the degree of functional asymmetry of the brain with respect to perception of verbal information in 3-50 years old subjects. Significant age variations were found in the volume of the percepted speech information. Interhemispheral differences in speech perception, which reveal themselves in higher perception of the right ear as compared to the left one, are more evident in children under 10 years. Significant influence of the "effect of voluntary and involuntary attention" of the subjects was noted on the degree of asymmetry of dichotic speech perception, this influence alleviating the intrinsic functional asymmetry of the brain.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Atención/fisiología , Dominancia Cerebral/fisiología , Orientación/fisiología , Percepción del Habla/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Pruebas de Audición Dicótica , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Monoaural presentation (in sequence to the left and right ears) of speech and vocal-musical phrases with different emotional content (joy, grief, anger, fear, indifference) has been made to children ageing between 7 and 16 years. These passages were performed by professional actors or singers. Absolute differences in the probability of correct identification of different emotions were obtained. They are maximal for fear and anger, being minimal for joy. Left ear preference to perception of emotions both in speech and in singing is already formed in 7-8 years old children.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Percepción Auditiva/fisiología , Emociones , Música , Percepción del Habla/fisiología , Adolescente , Niño , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Comunicación no VerbalRESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was detected in different segments of the gastric mucosa in 13 patients with stomach tumors. Twenty five patients suffering from stomach ulcers were used as controls. HP infection was diagnosed by means of urease and microbiological testing. HP was identified in all cases of stomach cancer, the rates of dissemination in the mucosa in such patients being higher than in those with stomach ulcers.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiología , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera Gástrica/microbiología , Ureasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Investigation of 67 patients with peptic ulcer revealed a reliable activation of lipid peroxidation processes both in the blood of the patients and in the mucous membrane in the area of the ulcer location immediately. The activation of lipid peroxidation resulted in a decrease in the contents of phospholipids in the biological membranes of the mucosa cells. The alterations revealed occurred in the presence of inhibition of the antioxidant system of the body. The authors proved the efficacy of the use of antioxidant formulations and ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in the treatment of patients which resulted in acceleration of the ulcer cicatrization and the reduction of the inpatient period as well as the improvement of surgical results.
Asunto(s)
Duodeno/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Úlcera Péptica/metabolismo , Adulto , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Úlcera Duodenal/metabolismo , Úlcera Duodenal/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera Péptica/terapia , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Úlcera Gástrica/terapiaRESUMEN
38 patients with complicated duodenal ulcer were examined with polarographic method. The significant decrease of tissue blood flow was revealed in all segments of gastroduodenal zone. The increased level of free-radical oxidation of lipids was determined in duodenal mucosa and ulcer edges. Disorders of blood supply and activation of free-radical lipid oxidation play an important role in the mechanism of ulcer formation. The drugs improving blood supply and antioxidants should be used in combined therapy and preoperative preparation.