Scale up of implementation of a multidimensional intervention to enhance hypertension and diabetes care at the primary care setting: A protocol for a cluster-randomized study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are highly prevalent in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the proportion of patients with uncontrolled diseases is higher than in high-income countries. Innovative strategies are required to surpass barriers of low sources, distance and quality of health care. Our aim is to assess the uptake and effectiveness of the implementation of an integrated multidimensional strategy in the primary care setting, for the management of people with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Brazil. METHODS: This scale up implementation study called Control of Hypertension and diAbetes in MINas Gerais (CHArMING) Project has mixed-methods, and comprehends 4 steps: (1) needs assessment, including a standardized structured questionnaire and focus groups with health care practitioners; (2) baseline period, 3 months before the implementation of the intervention; (3) cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 12-months follow-up period; and (4) a qualitative study after the end of follow-up. The cluster RCT will randomize 35 centers to intervention (n = 18) or usual care (n = 17). Patients ≥18 years old, with diagnosis of hypertension and/or DM, of 5 Brazilian cities in a resource-constrained area will be enrolled. The intervention consists of a multifaceted strategy, with a multidisciplinary approach, including telehealth tools (decision support systems, short message service, telediagnosis), continued education with an approach to issues related to the care of people with hypertension and diabetes in primary care, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and behavioral change. The project has actions focused on professionals and patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study consists of a multidimensional strategy with multidisciplinary approach using digital health to improve the control of hypertension and/or DM in the primary health care setting. We expect to provide the basis for implementing an innovative management program for hypertension and DM in Brazil, aiming to reduce the present and future burden of these diseases in Brazil and other LMICs. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER: This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT05660928).

Limitations of VEINES QOL/SYM for discriminating chronic venous insufficiency severity.

BACKGROUND: The Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study - Quality of Life/Symptoms (VEINES-QOL / Sym) questionnaire was developed to evaluate the quality of life of individuals with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), but it has shown limited sensitivity for discriminating between people with different of disease severity. OBJECTIVES: a) to propose a new formula for calculating the VEINES-QOL/Sym score and to evaluate whether this new score is capable of discriminating disease severity; and b) to evaluate the association between VEINES-QOL/Sym scores and disease severity. METHODS: Ninety-eight participants with CVI of both sexes, aged 60.73 ± 14.11 years, answered the Portuguese Brazilian version of the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire. The new score was calculated by transforming the original scores to a 0 to 100 scale. Discriminant analysis was used to test the capability of the original and modified VEINES-QOL/Sym scores to discriminate between and correctly classify groups characterized by the clinical, etiological, anatomical and pathophysiological classification (CEAP). Alpha of 5% was defined as the cutoff for significance. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between CEAP groups in terms of the original or modified VEINES-QOL/Sym scores. Discriminant analysis was also unable to correctly classify CEAP groups, using either original or modified scores. Furthermore, there were no associations between CEAP classifications and scores obtained using the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The VEINES-QOL/Sym proved to have limitations for assessment of the quality of life and symptomatology of people with CVI at different stages.

A comparison of tablet-based and paper-based venous insufficiency epidemiologic and economic study quality of life/symptom questionnaire for assessment of chronic venous disease.

OBJECTIVE: To comparatively evaluate performances of tablet-based versus paper-based Venous Insufficiency Epidemiologic and Economic Study-Quality of Life/Symptom (VEINES-QOL/Sym) questionnaire. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 78 consecutive patients who completed tablet-based and paper-based VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaires and compared their scores, completion time, data entry time, and ease of use. We used Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test for quantitative variables, Bland-Altman test and kappa coefficient for agreement between questionnaires and patients, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations. RESULTS: Most participants (83.3%) found it easier to use the tablet device. Less time was needed to complete the tablet-based (median, 4.75; IQR, 3-7 min) than the paper-based (median, 8.3; IQR, 6.3-11.3 min) questionnaire (p < .001). Better educated patients took less time to complete paper-based (p = .003) and tablet-based (p = .001) questionnaires and considered the latter easier to use (p = .010). CONCLUSIONS: The tablet-based VEINES-QOL/Sym proved to be an easy-to-use and time-saving tool.

Limitação do VEINES QOL/SYM em discriminar a gravidade da insuficiência venosa crônica / Limitations of VEINES QOL/SYM for discriminating chronic venous insufficiency severity

Resumo Contexto O questionário Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study - Quality of Life/Symptom (VEINES-QOL/Sym) foi desenvolvido para avaliar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC), mas ele tem se mostrado pouco sensível em discriminar indivíduos com diferentes gravidades da doença. Objetivos a) Propor uma nova forma de cálculo do escore do VEINES-QOL/Sym e avaliar se esse novo escore é capaz de discriminar a gravidade da doença; b) Avaliar a associação entre o VEINES-QOL/Sym e a gravidade da doença. Métodos Noventa e oito participantes com IVC, de ambos os sexos, idade 60,73 ± 14,11 anos, responderam o questionário VEINES-QOL/Sym, versão português do Brasil. Para o cálculo do novo escore, foi realizada uma transformação dos escores originais para uma escala de 0 a 100. Para verificar a capacidade dos escores do VEINES-QOL/Sym, originais e modificados, em discriminar e classificar corretamente os grupos caracterizados pela classificação clínica, etiológica, anatômica e patofisiológica (CEAP), foi realizada a análise discriminante, sendo considerado significante um alfa de 5%. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos classificados pela CEAP quanto aos escores originais e modificados do VEINES-QOL/Sym. A análise discriminante também não foi capaz de classificar corretamente os grupos CEAP, tanto para os escores originais quanto para os escores modificados do VEINES-QOL/Sym. Além disso, não houve associação entre a classificação CEAP e os escores obtidos pelo questionário. Conclusões O VEINES-QOL/Sym mostrou-se limitado para avaliar qualidade de vida e sintomatologia dos indivíduos com diferentes estágios de IVC.

Abstract Background The Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study - Quality of Life/Symptoms (VEINES-QOL / Sym) questionnaire was developed to evaluate the quality of life of individuals with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), but it has shown limited sensitivity for discriminating between people with different of disease severity. Objectives a) to propose a new formula for calculating the VEINES-QOL/Sym score and to evaluate whether this new score is capable of discriminating disease severity; and b) to evaluate the association between VEINES-QOL/Sym scores and disease severity. Methods Ninety-eight participants with CVI of both sexes, aged 60.73 ± 14.11 years, answered the Portuguese Brazilian version of the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire. The new score was calculated by transforming the original scores to a 0 to 100 scale. Discriminant analysis was used to test the capability of the original and modified VEINES-QOL/Sym scores to discriminate between and correctly classify groups characterized by the clinical, etiological, anatomical and pathophysiological classification (CEAP). Alpha of 5% was defined as the cutoff for significance. Results There were no significant differences between CEAP groups in terms of the original or modified VEINES-QOL/Sym scores. Discriminant analysis was also unable to correctly classify CEAP groups, using either original or modified scores. Furthermore, there were no associations between CEAP classifications and scores obtained using the questionnaire. Conclusions The VEINES-QOL/Sym proved to have limitations for assessment of the quality of life and symptomatology of people with CVI at different stages.

Principais complicações respiratórias no adulto queimado internado em um hospital de referência do estado de Minas Gerais / Main respiratory complications in burned adult in a reference hospital of Minas Gerais State / Principales complicaciones respiratorias de los adultos quemados admitidos a un hospital de referencia del estado de Minas Gerais

OBJETIVO: Descrever as principais complicações respiratórias do adulto queimado admitido em um centro de terapia intensiva de um hospital de referência do estado de Minas Gerais. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, no qual foram incluídos todos os pacientes admitidos no setor de terapia intensiva da Unidade de Tratamento de Queimados de 1º de janeiro a 30 de junho de 2017 deste hospital. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise estatística com o uso do software Microsoft® Office Excel 2010 e pelo Minitab® versão 18. O estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Instituição, com parecer número 2.698.566. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 62 registros de pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino (64,52%, n=40). A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 43,90±16,57 anos, sendo a faixa etária mais prevalente entre 18 e 34 anos (35,48%, n=22). A maior parte dos pacientes necessitou de suporte avançado de vida, sendo que 74,20% (n=46) foram submetidos à intubação orotraqueal e, destes, 50% (n=23) foram traqueostomizados posteriormente. As complicações respiratórias foram observadas em 51,61% (n=32), sendo as principais: pneumonia (25,81%, n=16), lesão de via aérea (24,19%, n=15), atelectasia (17,74%, n=11), congestão pulmonar (12,90%, n=8) e síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (8,06%, n=5). CONCLUSÃO: As principais complicações respiratórias foram pneumonia e lesão de via aérea. Tais complicações contribuíram para maior tempo de internação hospitalar e de ventilação mecânica.

Objective: To describe main pulmonary complications in burned adults admitted to intensive care unit of a burn center of Minas Gerais State. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, which included all patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a burn unit, from January, 1st until June, 30th. Collected data were submitted to statistical analyzes using software Microsoft® Excel 2010 and Minitab® version 18. The study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of the institution, with opinion number 2698566. RESULTS: 62 patients records were analyzed, most male (64.52%, n=40), mean age of patients was 43.90±16.57 years, being most prevalent age group between 18 and 34 years (35.48%, n=22). Most patients needed advanced life support, 74.20% (n=46) used endotracheal tube and, of these, 50% (n=23) were tracheostomized later. Pulmonary complications were observed in 51.61% (n=32), and the main ones were: pneumonia (25.81%, n=16), airway injury (24.19%, n=15), atelectasis (17.74%, n=11), pulmonary congestion (12,90%, n=8) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (8.06%, n=5). CONCLUSION: Main pulmonary complications were pneumonia and airway injury. Such complications have contributed to increase time of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation.

Objetivo: Describir las principales complicaciones respiratorias de los adultos quemados admitidos en el centro de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de referencia del estado de Minas Gerais. Método: Estudio transversal, que incluyó a todos los pacientes ingresados en el sector de cuidados intensivos de la Unidad de Quemados de este hospital, del 1º enero hasta 30 junio de 2017. Los datos recolectados fueron sometidos al análisis estadístico utilizando los programas Microsoft® Office Excel 2010 y por Minitab® versión 18. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación de la institución - dictamen nº 2.698.566. Resultados: 62 pacientes participaron del estudio, en su mayoría hombres (64,52%, n=40), con media de edad de 43,90±16.57 años, siendo más prevalente el grupo de edad comprendido entre 18 y 34 años (35,48%, n=22). La mayoría de los pacientes necesitó apoyo vital avanzado, conun 74,20% (n=46) sometidos a intubación orotraqueal y, de estos, 50% (n=23) fueron traqueostomizados posteriormente. Se observaron complicaciones respiratorias en un 51,61% (n=32) de los pacientes, siendo las principales: neumonía (25,81%, n=16), lesiones de las vías respiratorias (24,19%, n=15), atelectasia (17,74%, n=11), congestión pulmonar (12,90%, n= 8) y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (8,06%, n=5). Conclusión: Las principales complicationes respiratorias fueron neumonía y lesiones de las vías respiratorias. Tales complicaciones han contribuido a estancias más largas en el hospital y utilización de ventilación mecánica.

Analysis of the physical and functional parameters of older adults with chronic venous disease.

The chronic venous disease (CVD) results from a situation of venous hypertension which occurs when there is a dysfunction of the calf pump musculature. Such alteration contributes to the worsening of the disease and may generate physical and functional limitations among older adults, carriers of CVD. In the present study, we aimed to compare the performance of the plantar flexor, the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle, gait speed and functional capacity among older adults with and without CVD. This is a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample of 30 older adults with CVD and 30 without the disease. Gait speed was assessed by the GAITrite system, version 3.9; the dorsiflexion (DF) and plantar flexion (PF) ROMs, by goniometry, and the function of the plantar flexors by the isokinetic dynamometry. Functional capacity was evaluated by Katz and Lawton scales and by the assessment of the activities of social nature. The CVD group presented lesser ROM of DF and PF, peak torque and power of plantar flexors, gait speed and social restriction when compared to the control group (p<0.05). We concluded that older adults with CVD present important limitations of ROM and strength, mobility and social restriction confirming findings of previous studies. Such results might guide professionals in their approaches both for determining the relevance of parameters to be assessed and of their therapeutic approaches.

Adaptação transcultural do questionário VEINES/QOL-SYM: avaliação da qualidade de vida e sintomas na doença venosa crônica / Transcultural adaptation of VEINES/QOL-Sym questionnaire: evaluation of quality of life and symptoms in chronic venous disease

OBJETIVO: Adaptar transculturalmente e analisar as propriedades clinimétricas do VEINES-QOL⁄Sym, um questionário específico para avaliar a qualidade de vida e os sintomas na doença venosa crônica. MÉTODOS: O VEINES-QOL⁄Sym foi adaptado segundo metodologia recomendada e aplicado em 74 indivíduos (53,7±12,3 anos) com doença venosa crônica, assistidos ambulatorialmente. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram boa consistência interna do VEINES-QOL (alfa de Cronbach -α=0,88) e do VEINES/Sym (α=0,84). A confiabilidade inter e intra-examinadores avaliadas pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variou de 0,95-0,98 para o VEINES-QOL e de 0,76-0,79 para o VEINES/Sym. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi calculado para cada item e alguns apresentaram valores abaixo do esperado merecendo revisão. As correlações com SF-36 foram significativas (p<0,001), porém com moderada magnitude. Apenas o VEINES-QOL foi capaz de distinguir os indivíduos em dois grupos, de acordo com a gravidade da doença venosa crônica (p=0,02). CONCLUSÕES: O VEINES-QOL⁄Sym, versão português-Brasil, apresentou boas propriedades clinimétricas e demonstrou ser aplicável na população.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt cross-culturally and to analyze the clinimetric properties of the VEINES-QOL⁄Sym, which is a specific questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life and symptoms in patients with chronic venous disease. METHODS: The VEINES-QOL⁄Sym was adapted according to the recommended methodology and administered to 74 subjects (53,7±12,3 years-old) with chronic venous disease, who were assisted at the outpatient clinic. RESULTS: The results showed a good internal consistency for VEINES-QOL (Cronbach's alpha (α) = 0,88) and VEINES/Sym (α=0,84). The inter and intra-rater reliability evaluated by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ranged from 0,95-0,98 for VEINES-QOL and 0,76-0,79 for the VEINES/Sym. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for each item and some of them showed values lower than the expected, deserving a revision. The correlations with SF-36 were significant (p<0.001); however, of moderate magnitude. Only the VEINES-QOL was capable to distinguish the subjects in two groups, according to the severity of chronic venous disease (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The VEINES-QOL/Sym, Brazil-Portuguese version has presented good clinimetric properties and has shown to be applicable to the population.

Efeitos do exercício físico durante a hemodiálise em indivíduos com insuficiência renal crônica: uma revisão / Effects of physical exercise during hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency: a literature review

As principais alterações observadas em indivíduos com insuficiência renal crônica são anemia, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e atrofia muscular, que levam à baixa capacidade aeróbica e perda de força muscular. Assim, parte do tratamento desses indivíduos consiste em programas...

Main alterations seen in patients with chronic renal insufficiency are anemia, systemic arterial hypertension, and muscular atrophy, which lead to low aerobic capacity and loss of muscle strength...

Efeitos do fortalecimento muscular da paturrilha na hemodinâmica venosa e na qualidade de vida em um portador de insuficiência venosa crônica / Effects of calf muscle strengthening on venous hemodynamics and on quality of life in a person with chronic venous insufficiency

Uma voluntária de 41 anos com insuficiência venosa crônica, diagnosticada há 21 anos, foi avaliada como classe 4 pela Classificação Clínica CEAP e classe 2 pelo Escote de Gravidade Clínica Venosa. Antes e apos aplicação do protocolo, as seguintes variáveis foram mensuradas: força muscular de ambos os tríceps surais, através de dinamometria manual; função da bomba muscular das panturrilhas, através de pletismografia a ar; e qualidade de vida, através do questionário Nottingham Health Profile. Foram realizadas 30 sessões, com ênfase no membro inferior esquerdo. Observou-se um aumento de força muscular de 198,4 por cento no tríceps sural esquerdo e de 28,3 por cento no direito, associ- ado a uma diminuição do volume venoso funcional de 2,2 por cento no membro inferior direito e 3,4 por cento no membro inferior esquerdo. Também houve redução da fração de volume residual de 2,7 por cento no membro inferior direito e 38,5 por cento no membro inferior esquerdo, e aumento da fração de ejeção de 17,8 por cento no membro inferior direito e 45,5 por cento no membro inferior esquerdo. O índice de enchimento venoso não apresentou alteração. Houve uma melhora de 66,7 por cento no Nottingham Health Profik.Conclui-se que o fortalecimento da panturtilha pode melhorar a hemodinâmica venosa e a qualidade de vida de portadores de insuficiência venosa crônica...