RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancers encompassing malignancies of the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and bile ducts pose a significant health burden in Africa. While the association of certain occupational carcinogens in cancer is well established globally, their potential role in HPB cancers remains understudied, especially in an African context. AIM: This systematic review delves into the association between occupational carcinogens and HPB cancer in Africa. It examines the current state of research on occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, identifying key challenges and knowledge gaps. METHODS: This systematic review examined publications (published between 01 January 2012 and 31 May 2023) that highlight occupational carcinogens and HBP cancers in Africa. The search was conducted on electronic databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Africa Wide Information. RESULT: Due to the lack of information on the association between occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, as a result of the paucity of published studies, only four articles were included in this study. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the predominant cancer associated with the occupational carcinogen, aflatoxin. Agricultural workers, especially those involved in the production and processing of maize and peanuts, appear to be the most exposed to aflatoxin. CONCLUSION: Despite the sample size limitations due to the paucity of research studies on occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, this study provides a reasonable tool for subsequent epidemiological studies. There is a need for more research on the association of occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, especially with the growing industrialization.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with an estimated 41 million deaths (74% of all global deaths) annually. Despite the WHO's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs since 2013, progress on implementation of the guidelines has been slow. Although research has shown success of some NCD prevention and treatment interventions, there is a dearth of research on NCD care delivery approaches, cost-effectiveness and larger implementation research, especially in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective of this scoping review is to identify the existing variation in how, why and by whom implementation of NCD guidelines is measured as part of implementation research or non-research programme improvement. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Using the methods established by Arksey and O'Malley, the search strategy was developed in consultation with a research librarian together with stakeholder feedback from content experts. We will apply the search to multiple electronic databases and grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen title and abstract for inclusion followed by a full-text screening and all included records will be abstracted using a standardised tool that will be piloted with a sample of articles before application to all records. We will conduct a narrative synthesis of abstracted data and simple quantitative descriptive statistics. DISSEMINATION: The results will enable stakeholders in LMICs to leverage existing tools and resources for implementation and ongoing evaluation of NCD guidelines, to improve education and capacity building, and ultimately NCD care across the lifespan.