[Review on the speciation analysis methods of platinum group metals in environmental media]. / çŽ¯å¢ƒä»‹è´¨ä¸­é“‚æ—é‡‘å±žå½¢æ€åˆ†æžæ–¹æ³•çš„ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Platinum group metals (PGMs) present a variety of forms in the environment, and analysis of speciation is essential for identifying their ecological risk. Here, we reviewed the methods for the morphological analysis of three major PGMs (platinum, palladium and rhodium) in the environment, including chemical sequential extraction, hyphenated techniques for instruments, computer simulations. We outlined the types, characteristics and applications of these methods, elaborated the weaknesses, and provided prospects for future development. Among them, chemical sequential extraction is universally applied in the morphological analysis of solid-phase samples, with diverse extraction conditions and procedures proposed in the current study. However, it has not been well standardized. The hyphenated techniques for instruments have significant advantages for the determination of elemental forms in solution, of which capillary electrophoresis system can separate similar substances with the same electrophoresis ability. Liquid chromatography systems have better performance in terms of separation capacity and detection limit. The computer simulations further expand the access to morphological analysis, enabling complex morphological calculations. It was proposed to combine multiple methods in the future to continuously improve the accuracy of analytical techniques by complementing and optimizing each other.

[Effects of Different Aeration Treatments on Bacterial Diversity, Metabolic Activity, and Function in Constructed Wetlands].

Bacteria play a key role in the removal of pollutants and nutrients in constructed wetlands. DNA and RNA high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the diversity, metabolic activity, and function of bacteria in aquaculture wastewater and in constructed wetlands treated by different aeration levels. The results revealed that:① a total of 4042 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in aquaculture wastewater and constructed wetland treatment groups. α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidia were the most diverse groups, and the constructed wetlands aeration treatment increased the bacterial diversity to a variable extent; ② α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Actinobacteria were the dominant groups both in the DNA and RNA sequencing results, and the metabolic activities of these four groups were significantly affected by the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in our study. ③ According to the FAPROTAX database, 56 bacterial functional groups were detected in our study, mainly including:chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, intracellular parasites, dark hydrogen oxidation, phototrophy, photoheterotrophy, and nitrate reduction. Functions related to the nitrogen cycle were observed in the results of function annotation, suggesting the important role of bacterial communities in the removal of nitrogen nutrients in constructed wetlands. These results will improve the understanding of bacterial community structures and functions during nutrient removal in aerated constructed wetlands.

The role of cytochrome P4501A activity inhibition in three- to five-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons embryotoxicity of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma).

The mode of action of PAHs that causes fish developmental malformations is unclear. The embryotoxicity of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was investigated after individual exposure to three- to five-ring PAHs Phe, Py, and BaP or co-exposure with α-ANF for 18 days. We found that the relationships between EROD induction and developmental deformities of embryos showed a various pattern under different exposure scenarios of Phe, Py, and BaP, which suggested possibly different modes of action in determining the developmental toxicities. As for co-exposure scenarios of each PAH combined with ANF, it showed potentially synergistic effects. The inhibited CYP1A mediated enzyme activity by ANF after co-exposure did not effectively alleviate developmental toxicity of embryo. It showed potentially synergistic effects after co-exposure of marine fish embryos to CYP1A inhibitors and PAH-type CYP1A inducers. Heart deformities in the early life stages of marine medaka were recommended as a biomarker for indicating the extent of PAH pollution.