Nursing practice of discharge planning service for primipara separated from their infants during hospitalization: a field research / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the current status of discharge planning nursing for primipara who separated from their infants during hospitalization and provide a reference basis for constructing a clinical nursing plan.Methods:From February to June 2023, a field research about situation of nursing practice in discharge planning service among primiparas who separated from their infants was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University. Data was collected by field observation and informal interviews with 12 nurses and analyzed by three-level coding method of qualitative research.Results:All 12 nurses were female with 24-46 (33.33 ± 1.83) years old. The work content of the observation subjects could be divided into 4 items including providing infants′ health information, breastfeeding, postpartum rehabilitation, psychological care and social support. All the 4 items needed to be improved in providing infants′ health information, evaluating psychological status and social support, and quality of discharge teaching.Conclusions:It still needs further development in discharge planning nursing for primipara separated from their infants during hospitalization. It is urgent to improve the quality of discharge planning nursing for primiparas who have separated from their infants by developing scientific and standardized discharge planning nursing process, conducting standardized training for nurses, improving nurses′ psychosocial assessment ability, homogenizing health education, and improving humanistic care, so as to promote the rehabilitation of primiparas and get used to being a mother.

Construction of mouse intestinal organoid inflammation model / 天津医药

Objective To establish in vitro the small intestinal organoid culture system and to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on the growth of small intestinal organoids and the secretion of inflammatory factors.Methods In vitro,the small intestinal crypt cell mass of C57BL/6 mice was aseptically isolated,collected and embedded in organoid matrix.Under the support of complete medium,the small intestinal organoids with three-dimensional multi-leaf structure with small intestinal epithelioid structure were formed.The small intestinal organoids were subcultured after 5-7 d culture.On the third day after passage,the small intestinal organoids were randomly divided into different mass concentrations of LPS groups(0,150,175,200,225,250,275 and 300 mg/L).After 24 h and 48 h of LPS induction,morphological changes of small intestinal organoid growth and differentiation were observed.CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of different time points and mass concentrations of LPS on the proliferative activity of small intestinal organoids after induction of inflammation.The effects of four different mass concentrations of LPS(0,175,200 and 225 mg/L)on expression levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6 and IL-10 in organoid culture supernatant at different times were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The mouse small intestinal organoid culture system was preliminarily constructed.After different time and mass concentration of LPS induced inflammation of small intestinal organoids,it was observed by morphology that small intestinal organoids would have different degrees of expansion and apoptosis in lumen.The proliferation,differentiation and budding of damaged intestinal epithelial crypts or intestinal stem cells were also inhibited to varying degrees,indicating that the growth of small intestinal organoids would be limited to varying degrees after induced inflammation.The proliferation activity of small intestinal organoids decreased to varying degrees after 24 h and 48 h of LPS induction at 175-225 mg/L(P＜0.05),but the cell viability was still greater than 50%.The levels of IL-1α,IL-6 and GM-CSF partially increased after induction with 200 mg/L and 225 mg/L LPS for 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.05).The level of IL-10 decreased after induction with 200 mg/L LPS for 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.05).Conclusion In this study,a model of intestinal inflammatory injury in vitro induced by LPS with different mass concentrations and time points is preliminarily constructed,which provides a more reliable research platform for the mechanism research of intestinal diseases and the screening of effective drugs in the future.

Research progresses on the role of short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

In recent years, a number of studies have found that the dysregulation of intestinal microbes and their metabolites plays an important role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson′s disease (PD), and is closely related to the severity of PD clinical symptoms. Short-chain fatty acids are the main metabolites of intestinal microorganisms and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD by regulating the inflammatory response, neuronal autophagy and apoptosis and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and intestinal barrier. In this paper, the research progresses on the role of short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of PD are reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of PD.

A systematic review of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of artificial stone-related silicosis and dust protection / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, on-site dust monitoring and individual protection of the patients with artificial stone-related silicosis. Methods: In March 2022, the literature on artificial stone-related silicosis published from January 1965 to February 2022 was searched in China Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, EMbase and PubMed. Chinese and English search terms include "silica dust""silica dust""silicosis""artificial stone""pneumoconiosis", etc. References were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted. The epidemiological characteristics, natural course of disease, workplace dust concentration and individual protection level of patients with artificial stone-related silicosis were analyzed by systematic review. Results: A total of 30 literatures were included, including 7 cohort studies, 14 cross-sectional studies, 3 case-control studies and 6 case reports. A total of 1358 patients with artificial stone-related silicosis were diagnosed from 1997 to 2020, with an average age of 41.5 years old and an average dust exposure time of 11.3 years. Among them, 36.2% (282/778) had progressive mass fibrosis or accelerated progressive silicosis at first diagnosis. Chest imaging showed diffuse small nodule shadow, pulmonary fibrosis, and silico-alveolar proteinosis. Pulmonary function showed restricted or mixed ventilation disorder with or without decreased diffusion volume. The disease progressed rapidly, with progressive mass fibrosis, respiratory failure, and even death. Patients engaged in artificial quartz stone processing, with high concentration of silica including ultra-fine particles, most of which were dry operation, lack of on-site ventilation measures and no effective personal protection. Conclusion: The artificial stone processing workers suffer from artificial stone-related silicosis due to dry cutting, lack of on-site dust removal facilities and personal protective measures, and the disease progresses rapidly, leading to poor prognosis.

Detection and Analysis of Blood Dexmedetomidine in Drug-Facilitated Cases / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a simple and rapid qualitative and quantitative detection method of dexmedetomidine in blood.@*METHODS@#Blood was separated on the Allure PFP Propyl liquid chromatography column with isocratic elution after it was precipitated by acetonitrile and filtered. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of dexmedetomidine was performed using positive ion scan mode and multi-reaction monitoring mode.@*RESULTS@#The limit of detection of dexmedetomidine in blood was 0.2 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL. The linearity of the method was good in the range of 0.5-1 000 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. The accuracy of the method was 90.34%-112.67% and the extraction recovery was 50.05%-91.08%, with no significant matrix effect.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This method is simple, selective and suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dexmedetomidine in blood, which can provide a reference for drug-facilitated cases involving dexmedetomidine.

Management of helicopter medical transport in 36 patients with critical cardiac disease / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To summarize the management experience of helicopter medical transport in patients with critical heart disease, so as to provide reference for transport of patients with critical heart disease under the background of major natural disasters.Methods:The clinical and transport data of 36 critically ill cardiac patients in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from 16:30 on July 21 to 19:30 on July 22, 2021 due to historically rare heavy rainstorms were collected. All 36 critically ill cardiac patients were transported by helicopter. The safe transportation was implemented under the measures of quickly forming a transport leadership and coordination group, clarifying responsibilities and division of labor, doing a good job in the pretreatment of the patient's condition, pipeline assessment and mechanical circulation support (MCS) equipment, simulating and practicing the transfer process, improving the safety of the transfer implementation process, and effectively handing over with the target hospital. The gender, age, disease type, MCS, transport and outcome of patients were collected.Results:Thirty-six patients with cardiac critical illness were from adult extracardiac intensive care unit (ICU), adult cardiac care unit (CCU), children's CCU, comprehensive ICU and department of neurology. There were 24 males and 12 females; age (50.93±20.86) years old. There were 12 patients using respirator, 7 patients needing MCS, 2 of whom needed both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and 7 patients with post-cardiac surgery. The total distance of transportation of 36 patients was 1 638.4 km, the transit time was 10.5 hours, one way flight time of helicopter was about 8 minutes, and the average transport time per patient was about 17.5 minutes. The vital signs of 36 patients during transport were basically stable, without complications, and all of them reached the target hospital safely.Conclusion:Under the seamless connection of the rapid establishment of the transfer leadership coordination group, assessment of the patient's condition and pretreatment, the simulation of the transfer process, and the effective handover with the receiving hospital, the use of helicopter for medical transport for critically ill heart patients is feasible and safe, which can buy valuable time for saving patients' lives and further treatment.

A pilot study on the clinical characteristics of blood pressure circadian rhythm disorder and its impact on orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure and its impact on orthostatic hypotension (OH) in Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 165 PD patients from Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2019 to October 2021 were consecutively enrolled. Medical history and scores of motor and non-motor symptoms of patients were collected. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure and OH data were collected, and the OH questionnaire was completed. The incidence of each type of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure was investigated. The t test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine between-group differences of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure. The linear trends in clinical characteristics were tested by linear regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between different circadian rhythm disorders of blood pressure and OH as well as symptomatic OH (SOH). Results:In 165 PD patients, the incidence of reverse dipping pattern was 39.39% (65/165), nocturnal hypertension was 43.64% (72/165), and awakening hypotension was 31.52% (52/165). Compared with patients without reverse dipping pattern, patients with reverse dipping pattern were older [(71.72±7.81) years vs (65.29±9.68) years, t=-4.491, P<0.001], had later onset age [(66.67±9.10) years vs (62.16±10.66) years, t=-2.809, P=0.006], longer duration [36.00(20.50, 95.50) months vs 24.00(12.00, 41.75) months, Z=-3.393, P<0.001], higher dose of levodopa (LD) [(426.15±267.38) mg/d vs (284.00±235.58) mg/d, t=-3.590, P<0.001], higher levodopa equivalent dose (LED) [(514.80±360.03) mg/d vs (341.44±284.57) mg/d, t=-3.440, P=0.001], higher Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ scores (12.92±6.38 vs 9.54±5.59, t=-3.434, P=0.001), higher UPDRS-Ⅲ scores (28.34±11.60 vs 21.41±12.18, t=-3.508, P=0.001) and higher percentages of hallucinations [18.46% (12/65) vs 7.00% (7/100), χ2 =5.079, P=0.024]. Compared with patients without awakening hypotension, patients with awakening hypotension were older [(70.83±7.09) years vs (66.44±10.16) years, t=-2.811, P=0.006]. Compared with patients without nocturnal hypertension, patients with nocturnal hypertension had longer duration [39.50(15.00, 96.00) months vs 24.00 (12.00, 36.00) months, Z=-2.944, P=0.003], higher LD [(398.61±251.19) mg/d vs (294.62±254.25) mg/d, t=-2.619, P=0.010], higher LED [(493.28±344.02) mg/d vs (345.05±298.59) mg/d, t=-2.959, P=0.004], higher percentages of hallucinations [19.44% (14/72) vs 5.38% (5/93), χ2 =7.882, P=0.005], higher UPDRS-Ⅱ scores (12.08±6.33 vs 10.00±5.86, t=-2.086, P=0.039), higher UPDRS-Ⅲ scores (26.50±11.72 vs 22.42±12.66, t=-2.034, P=0.044), and greater blood pressure variability (BPV) (20.66±5.47 vs 17.44±5.36, t=-3.798, P<0.001). Trend analysis showed that the variety of circadian rhythm was positively correlated with age and duration, use of levodopa and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors and amantidine, morning and daily LD and LED, UPDRS-Ⅱ, UPDRS-Ⅲ and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores, hallucinations, OH and SOH, and BPV in PD ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that awakening hypotension ( OR=3.35, 95% CI 1.55-7.22, P=0.002) and nocturnal hypertension ( OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.20-4.97, P=0.014) were risk factors for OH, and LED ( OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.43, P=0.035), UPDRS-Ⅲ scores ( OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16, P=0.009) and w-BPV ( OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for SOH. Conclusions:Circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure was correlated with age, duration, severity of motor symptoms. Awakening hypotension and nocturnal hypertension are independent risk factors for OH in PD.

Evaluation of the application value of seven tumor-associated autoantibodies in non-small cell lung cancer based on machine learning algorithms / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Based on the diagnostic model established and validated by the machine learning algorithm, to investigate the value of seven tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAABs), namely anti-p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, MAGEA1 and CAGE antibodies in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to differentiate between NSCLC and benign lung nodules. Methods: This was a retrospective study of clinical cases. Model building queue: a total of 227 primary patients who underwent radical lung cancer surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, from November 2018 to June 2021 were collected as the NSCLC group, and 120 cases of benign lung nodules, 122 cases of pneumonia and 120 healthy individuals were selected as the control groups. External validation queue: a total of 100 primary patients who underwent radical lung cancer surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, from May 2022 to December 2022 were collected as the NSCLC group, and 36 cases of benign lung nodules, 32 cases of pneumonia and 44 healthy individuals were selected as the control groups. In addition, NSCLC was divided into early (stage 0-ⅠB) and mid-to-late (stage ⅡA-ⅢB) subgroups. The levels of 7-TAABs were detected by enzyme immunoassay, and serum concentrations of CEA and CYFRA21-1 were detected by electrochemiluminescence. Four machine learning algorithms, XGBoost, Lasso logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine are used to establish classification models. And the best performance model was chosen based on evaluation metrics and a multi-indicator combination model was established. In addition, an online risk evaluation tool was generated to assist clinical applications. Results: Except for p53, the levels of rest six TAABs, CEA and CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher in the NSCLC group (P<0.05). Serum levels of anti-SOX2 [1.50 (0.60, 10.85) U/ml vs. 0.8 (0.20, 2.10) U/ml, Z=2.630, P<0.05] and MAGEA1 antibodies [0.20 (0.10, 0.43) U/ml vs. 0.10 (0.10, 0.20) U/ml, Z=2.289, P<0.05], CEA [3.13 (2.12, 5.64) ng/ml vs. 2.11 (1.25, 3.09) ng/ml, Z=3.970, P<0.05] and CYFRA21-1 [4.31(2.37, 7.14) ng/ml vs. 2.53(1.92, 3.48) ng/ml, Z=3.959, P<0.05] were significantly higher in patients with mid-to late-stage NSCLC than in early stages. XGBoost model was used to establish a multi-indicator combined detection model (after removing p53). 6-TAABs combined with CYFRA21-1 was the best combination model for the diagnosis of NSCLC and early NSCLC. The optimal diagnostic thresholds were 0.410, 0.701 and 0.744, and the AUC was 0.828, 0.757 and 0.741, respectively (NSCLC vs. control, NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules, early NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules) in model building queue, and the AUC was 0.760, 0.710 and 0.660, respectively (NSCLC vs. control, NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules, early NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules) in external validation queue. Conclusion: In the diagnosis of NSCLC, 6-TAABs is superior to that of traditional tumor markers CEA and CYFRA21-1, and can compensate for the shortcomings of traditional tumor markers. For the differential diagnosis of NSCLC and benign lung nodule, "6-TAABs+CYFRA21-1" is the most cost-effective combination, and plays an important role in prevention and screening for early lung cancer.

Evaluation of the application value of seven tumor-associated autoantibodies in non-small cell lung cancer based on machine learning algorithms / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Based on the diagnostic model established and validated by the machine learning algorithm, to investigate the value of seven tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAABs), namely anti-p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, MAGEA1 and CAGE antibodies in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to differentiate between NSCLC and benign lung nodules. Methods: This was a retrospective study of clinical cases. Model building queue: a total of 227 primary patients who underwent radical lung cancer surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, from November 2018 to June 2021 were collected as the NSCLC group, and 120 cases of benign lung nodules, 122 cases of pneumonia and 120 healthy individuals were selected as the control groups. External validation queue: a total of 100 primary patients who underwent radical lung cancer surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, from May 2022 to December 2022 were collected as the NSCLC group, and 36 cases of benign lung nodules, 32 cases of pneumonia and 44 healthy individuals were selected as the control groups. In addition, NSCLC was divided into early (stage 0-ⅠB) and mid-to-late (stage ⅡA-ⅢB) subgroups. The levels of 7-TAABs were detected by enzyme immunoassay, and serum concentrations of CEA and CYFRA21-1 were detected by electrochemiluminescence. Four machine learning algorithms, XGBoost, Lasso logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine are used to establish classification models. And the best performance model was chosen based on evaluation metrics and a multi-indicator combination model was established. In addition, an online risk evaluation tool was generated to assist clinical applications. Results: Except for p53, the levels of rest six TAABs, CEA and CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher in the NSCLC group (P<0.05). Serum levels of anti-SOX2 [1.50 (0.60, 10.85) U/ml vs. 0.8 (0.20, 2.10) U/ml, Z=2.630, P<0.05] and MAGEA1 antibodies [0.20 (0.10, 0.43) U/ml vs. 0.10 (0.10, 0.20) U/ml, Z=2.289, P<0.05], CEA [3.13 (2.12, 5.64) ng/ml vs. 2.11 (1.25, 3.09) ng/ml, Z=3.970, P<0.05] and CYFRA21-1 [4.31(2.37, 7.14) ng/ml vs. 2.53(1.92, 3.48) ng/ml, Z=3.959, P<0.05] were significantly higher in patients with mid-to late-stage NSCLC than in early stages. XGBoost model was used to establish a multi-indicator combined detection model (after removing p53). 6-TAABs combined with CYFRA21-1 was the best combination model for the diagnosis of NSCLC and early NSCLC. The optimal diagnostic thresholds were 0.410, 0.701 and 0.744, and the AUC was 0.828, 0.757 and 0.741, respectively (NSCLC vs. control, NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules, early NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules) in model building queue, and the AUC was 0.760, 0.710 and 0.660, respectively (NSCLC vs. control, NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules, early NSCLC vs. benign lung nodules) in external validation queue. Conclusion: In the diagnosis of NSCLC, 6-TAABs is superior to that of traditional tumor markers CEA and CYFRA21-1, and can compensate for the shortcomings of traditional tumor markers. For the differential diagnosis of NSCLC and benign lung nodule, "6-TAABs+CYFRA21-1" is the most cost-effective combination, and plays an important role in prevention and screening for early lung cancer.

Acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy based on data mining technology / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy by data mining technology.@*METHODS@#The literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy included in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed databases from the establishment of the database to August 1st 2022 was retrieved. Microsoft Excel 2019 software was used to establish a database to conduct the descriptive analysis of acupoints; SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori algorithm was used to conduct association rule analysis; high-frequency acupoint co-occurrence network diagrams were drawn by Cytoscape3.9.0 software; SPSS Statistics 25.0 software was used to perform hierarchical cluster analysis on high-frequency acupoints and a tree diagram was drawn.@*RESULTS@#Totally 39 articles were included, and 63 prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion were extracted, involving 56 acupoints, with a total frequency of 516 times; the top three acupoints with the highest frequency of use were Baihui (GV 20), Fenglong (ST 40) and Neiguan (PC 6); the selected meridians were mainly the governor vessel, the hand and foot yangming meridians; the selection of acupoints were mostly in the head, neck and lower limbs; in terms of acupoint compatibility, Hegu (LI 4)-Shuigou (GV 26) and Neiguan (PC 6) had the highest confidence degree; The top 20 high-frequency acupoints could be divided into 4 effective clusters.@*CONCLUSION@#Modern acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for post-stroke epilepsy attaches great importance to the use of yang meridians and meridians with enrich qi and blood; the core prescription is Shuigou (GV 26)-Neiguan (PC 6)-Hegu (LI 4)-Baihui (GV 20). In addition, the combination of distant and near acupoints is highly valued to improve clinical efficacy.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the evidence base multi-discipline critical strategies on the temperature and clinical outcomes in very preterm infants / 中华预防医学杂志

To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention plans developed by the evidence base multi-discipline critical strategies (EBPCS) on temperature and clinical outcomes in very preterm infants (VPIs) born at<32 weeks. Clinical data were collected from VPIs born in the delivery room/operating room of Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital from May 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022, who required immediate temperature management and were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the hospital. The study population was randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group based on the random number table method, with 108 cases in each group. The control group implemented the conventional temperature management recommended by domestic guidelines, while the intervention group adopted EBPCS interventions compared to the control group. The differences in body temperature and clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared after the implementation of different temperature management strategies. A total of 216 VPIs were included. The intervention group had a lower incidence of hypothermia (30.55% vs. 87.03%, P<0.001), higher mean body temperature admitted to the NICU [(36.56±0.31) ℃ vs. (35.77±0.53) ℃, P<0.001], a lower dose of pulmonary surfactant [(115.94±36.96) mg/kg vs. (151.41±54.68) mg/kg, P=0.014], shorter duration of mechanical ventilation [(5.77±1.26) days vs. (14.19±4.63) days, P=0.006], and lower incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage (12.04% vs. 23.15%, P=0.032). The implementation of temperature intervention strategies developed by the EBPCS for VPIs after birth could prevent and reduce the incidence of hypothermia and improve clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the evidence base multi-discipline critical strategies on the temperature and clinical outcomes in very preterm infants / 中华预防医学杂志

To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention plans developed by the evidence base multi-discipline critical strategies (EBPCS) on temperature and clinical outcomes in very preterm infants (VPIs) born at<32 weeks. Clinical data were collected from VPIs born in the delivery room/operating room of Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital from May 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022, who required immediate temperature management and were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the hospital. The study population was randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group based on the random number table method, with 108 cases in each group. The control group implemented the conventional temperature management recommended by domestic guidelines, while the intervention group adopted EBPCS interventions compared to the control group. The differences in body temperature and clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared after the implementation of different temperature management strategies. A total of 216 VPIs were included. The intervention group had a lower incidence of hypothermia (30.55% vs. 87.03%, P<0.001), higher mean body temperature admitted to the NICU [(36.56±0.31) ℃ vs. (35.77±0.53) ℃, P<0.001], a lower dose of pulmonary surfactant [(115.94±36.96) mg/kg vs. (151.41±54.68) mg/kg, P=0.014], shorter duration of mechanical ventilation [(5.77±1.26) days vs. (14.19±4.63) days, P=0.006], and lower incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage (12.04% vs. 23.15%, P=0.032). The implementation of temperature intervention strategies developed by the EBPCS for VPIs after birth could prevent and reduce the incidence of hypothermia and improve clinical outcomes.

Effect of γ-ray on metabolic enzyme CYP3A1 in rat liver on multiple levels / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of γ-ray on the mRNA,protein expression levels and metabolic activity level of the key drug metabolic enzyme CYP3A1 in rat liver. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, 24 h post-radiation group and 72 h post-radiation group. The experimental group was exposed to total body irradiation of single 6 Gy γ-ray. Blood was collected from the orbital venous plexus for blood routine examination and biochemical analysis 24 h and 72 h after irradiation, and liver tissue was prepared for quantifying expression of CYP3A1 mRNA and liver-specific microRNA (miR-122-5p) through RT-PCR. The expression level of CYP3A1 protein was analyzed by Western blot, and the metabolic activity level of CYP3A1 detected by the specific substrate midazolam combined with LC-MS method. Results Com¬pared with the control group, the weights of the rats in the radiation group significantly decreased, and the number of white blood cells was markedly reduced. Simultaneously, the activities of alanine aminotrans-ferase and alkaline phosphatase continuously descended, as well as the levels of total bilirubin and bile acid significantly increased, which indicated that the liver may be damaged after radiation. The relative expression of CYP3A1 mRNA continued to increase significantly 24 h and 72 h after irradiation. CYP3A1 protein expression and metabolic activity levels showed an obvious increasing trend 24 h after irradiation, and rose significantly 72 h after irradiation compared with the control group. At the same time, the expression of miR-122-5p in liver of rats in the 24 h and 72 h post-radiation group continued to decrease rapidly compared with the control group. Conclusions γ-ray radiation may arouse damage effect on liver, which leads to the continuous up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of the capital metabolic enzyme CYP3A1 in liver tissue, as well as the elevation of the metabolic activity level. The regulatory mechanism might be related to miR-122-5p.

Melatonin Attenuates Mitochondrial Damage in Aristolochic AcidInduced Acute Kidney Injury

Aristolochic acid (AA), extracted from Aristolochiaceae plants, plays an essential role in traditional herbal medicines and is used for different diseases. However, AA has been found to be nephrotoxic and is known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN).AA-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome in AAN with a high morbidity that manifests mitochondrial damage as a key part of its pathological progression. Melatonin primarily serves as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. However, its mitochondrial protective role in AA-induced AKI is barely reported. In this study, mice were administrated 2.5 mg/kg AA to induce AKI. Melatonin reduced the increase in Upro and Scr and attenuated the necrosis and atrophy of renal proximal tubules in mice exposed to AA. Melatonin suppressed ROS generation, MDA levels and iNOS expression and increased SOD activities in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, the in vivo study revealed that melatonin decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in renal proximal tubular cells and increased ATP levels in kidney tissues in response to AA. In vitro, melatonin restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in NRK-52E and HK-2 cells and led to an elevation in ATP levels. Confocal immunofluorescence data showed that puncta containing Mito-tracker and GFP-LC3A/B were reduced, thereby impeding the mitophagy of tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, melatonin decreased LC3A/B-II expression and increased p62 expression. The apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells induced by AA was decreased. Therefore, our findings revealed that melatonin could prevent AA-induced AKI by attenuating mitochondrial damage, which may provide a potential therapeutic method for renal AA toxicity.

Clinical features and follow-up outcomes of optic nerve injury induced by acute methanol poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Acute methanol poisoning harms the optic nerve and central nervous system, can cause irreversible damage, even coma or death in severe cases. This article reported four cases of methanol poisoning. 3 patients mistakenly ingested industrial alcohol containing methanol, the most serious patient suffered from coma, vision loss and other symptoms, the blood methanol concentration was 869.3 μg/ml. Another patient was poisoning caused by inhalation of methanol, with symptoms such as total blindness in the right eye and decreased visual acuity in the left eye. After active supportive treatment, 2 patients had partial recovery of visual acuity, and 2 patients had no sequelae. This article discussed the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of optic nerve damage caused by methanol poisoning, in order to raise awareness of this disease.

Research progress of dopamine and dopamine receptor in pathogenesis of asthma / 中国药理学通报

Asthma is a common respiratory disease charaeterized by airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in human body.In reeent years it has been reported that dopamine reeeptor is expressed in immune eells, type I alveolar eells, airway epithelium and airway smooth muscle, and affects ovalbumin ( OVA )-indueed asthma in animals.This review introduees the role of dopamine in the occurrence and development of asthma from the aspeets of airway inflammation, pulmonary nerve regulation, airway epithelial and smooth muscle abnormalities.

A case report of macro-AST with isolated elevated aspartate aminotransferase in a child / 中华检验医学杂志

We need to consider the macro-AST when the elevated AST activity cannot be explained. A 3-year-old child was found to have an increase in serum AST activity, but no obvious abnormality be found ofter examination. The PEG precipitation assay showed that the activity was 98.7%, which was diagnosed as macro-AST.

Effects of antibiotic treatment and antibiotics combined with surgery treatment on the prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of antibiotic treatment and antibiotics combined with surgery treatment on the prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis (IE).Methods:The clinical data and prognosis of all patients diagnosed as IE discharged from Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People′s Hospital from June 2011 to May 2021 were collected. There were 240 IE patients, divided into antibiotic treatment group and the antibiotics combined with surgery group according to the treatment methods. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of the IE patients were compared between the two groups, so as to investigate the timing of surgery for IE patients and to analyze the effects of the two treatment methods on the prognosis of IE patients.Statistical analysis methods including Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used when appropriate.Results:Of the 240 patients with IE, 63 cases were only treated with antibiotics and 177 cases were treated with antibiotics combined with surgery. After propensity score matching (PSM), one-year mortality rate of the IE patients in the antibiotics combined with surgery group was 11.1%(4/36), which was significantly lower than that in the antibiotic treatment group (33.3%(12/36), χ2=5.14, P=0.023). The median values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) in the antibiotics combined with surgery group were 59%, 47 mm and 31%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before surgery (63%, 54 mm and 34%, respectively, Z=6.19, 9.36 and 6.11, respectively, all P<0.001). The most common surgical indication was moderate to severe heart failure, and there was no significant difference between the early operation group and the late operation group (both P>0.050). The one-year cumulative survival rate of antibiotics combined with surgery group was 94.9%, which was significantly higher than that in the antibiotic treatment group (83.2%, χ2=7.38, P=0.007). Heart failure and Pitt bacteremia scores≥4 were the independent risk factors for one-year all-cause death of the IE patients (hazard ratio ( HR)=5.668 and 19.392, respectively, both P<0.050). Hospital days and antibiotics combined with surgery were independent related factors for reducing the risks of one-year all-cause death ( HR=0.931 and 0.299, respectively, both P<0.050). Pitt bacteremia scores≥4 had the greatest impact on one-year prognosis of the IE patients. Conclusions:Surgery could significantly improve cardiac function and one-year prognosis of the IE patients. IE patients with heart failure and Pitt bacteremia score≥4 should be actively treated.

Clinical value of changes of gait characteristics in the progression of Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To determine the evolution of gait impairment over the course of Parkinson′s disease (PD) by assessing the changes of gait characteristics in different disease stages, which could be helpful for disease monitoring.Methods:A total of 276 PD patients [PD group, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage 1-3] and 63 healthy controls (control group) enrolled in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to September 2021 were included in this cross-sectional study. The gait spatiotemporal variables were recorded by a portable inertial measurement unit system. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to obtain gait domains representing different gait characteristics. One way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences of gait variables and gait domains among the control group and 3 different H-Y stages of the PD group, as well as the differences among the control group and 2 motor subtypes of PD in different stages. The sensitivity of different gait variables and gait domains in evaluating the severity of gait impairments at different disease stages was compared.Results:Eleven gait spatiotemporal variables were grouped in 4 gait domains: pace (step length, gait speed and stride length), rhythm/phase (cadence, stride time and double support time), pace-related variability/asymmetry [step length coefficient of variation (CV), gait speed CV and step length asymmetry] and rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry (swing time CV and swing time asymmetry). As the disease progresses, most evolution trends of the 4 gait domains in the tremor-dominant PD patients were consistent with those in the non-tremor-dominant subtype. Compared with the control group, PD patients at H-Y stage 1 began to show the mild impairment of rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry (effect size 0.42; standardized score -0.03±0.69 vs -0.33±0.49, P<0.05), especially swing time asymmetry in tremor-dominant patients; the pace domain was damaged moderately in PD patients at H-Y stage 2 (effect size 0.64; standardized score 0.12±0.80 vs 0.64±0.81, P<0.05), especially in non-tremor-dominant PD patients, but not in PD patients at H-Y stage 1 ( P>0.05). Pace-related variability/asymmetry showed great impairment in PD patients at H-Y stage 3 (effect size 0.62; standardized score 0.27±1.12 vs -0.27±0.52, P<0.05), but not in PD patients at H-Y stages 1 and 2 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The characteristic impairments of gait in PD evolve in the process of disease progression. The rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry domain may be a marker to distinguish early PD from healthy controls. The pace domain and the pace-related variability/asymmetry domain are important markers to evaluate the progression of PD.

Genetic variants, circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with risk of breast cancer: a case-control study and Mendelian randomization analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To assess the association of genetic polymorphisms and circulating levels of chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) with risk of breast cancer. Methods: A total of 820 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer and 900 age-and area-of-residence-matched healthy controls who visited the hospital for routine health screening during the same period were included in this case-control study. Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using three widely followed functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MCP1 gene rs1024611, rs2857656 and rs4586 to construct instrumental variables . Results: MCP1 rs1024611 (OR=1.26, P=0.002), rs2857656 (OR=1.23, P=0.006) and rs4586 (OR=1.23, P=0.003) were significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer. SNP rs1024611 (β=1.194, P<0.001), rs2857656 (β=1.221, P<0.001) and rs4586 (β=1.137, P<0.001) were positively correlated with higher circulating level of MCP1. The case-control study showed that an increase of 23.7 pg/ml of circulating levels of MCP1 was associated with a 0.25-fold increased risk of breast cancer. MR analysis confirmed that the genetic predicted circulating levels of MCP1 were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and the risk of breast cancer increased by 0.20 times with an increase of 23.7 pg/ml in MCP1. Conclusion: Genetic variants and circulating levels of MCP1 are significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer and can be used as a biomarker for early prediction of breast cancer.