Chronic rhinitis in South Africa - more than just allergy!

Chronic rhinitis is a troublesome condition for sufferers. It is tempting to label all patients with chronic nasal symptoms as having allergic rhinitis (AR), but many such patients have other causes of chronic rhinitis that need a specific diagnosis and management strategy. Even when the patient fully fits the definition of AR, their condition will be best served by combining medication with ongoing patient education.

A case report of albendazole toxicity mimicking tetanus in an Anglo-Nubian ­ Alpine cross goat (Capra hircus)

An unvaccinated pregnant two-year-old Anglo- Nubian ­ Alpine crossed doe presented to The University of the West Indies School of Veterinary Medicine in lateral recumbency with bilaterally stiff hind limbs. The owner indicated that he had dewormed the animal three days prior with 380mg of Albendazole per os and that the doe started experiencing seizures two days later. On clinical physical examination, the animal was bloated and had severe ocular lesions to the right eye including corneal oedema and ulceration and a miotic and non-responsive pupil. Abdominal ultrasound suggested the presence of two foetuses but their viability could not be confirmed as only one heartbeat was detected. The doe was initially treated with tetanus antitoxin, parenteral antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, intravenous fluids and anticonvulsants. Two days later, she aborted two foetuses. Once the doe was stabilized, physiotherapy and hydrotherapy were performed. Within two weeks of initial presentation, she had regained a healthy appetite and was able to stand and walk unassisted. Despite the similarities between the initial clinical signs to that of tetanus, the abortion, subsequent case progression and eventual resolution of clinical signs are more consistent with the final diagnosis of albendazole toxicity. This case is important as it demonstrates how the indiscriminate use of anthelmintics and the lack of proper deworming strategies can potentially result in animal fatalities. Appropriate anthelmintic use is essential for both animal health and continued drug efficacy. Veterinarians should also be aware of the striking similarities in clinical signs of albendazole toxicity with those of tetanus.