[Erroneous extrapolation as a frequent defect in medical students]. / La extrapolación errónea como defecto frecuente en alumnos de medicina.

Scientific aptitude development, useful for methodic management of information, is indispensable for teaching and learning, investigation, medical practice and customary life. Correct extrapolation is one of its components. This work deals with appropriate use of extrapolation among medical students. 118 students from a potentially experimented, interested and adapted population were analyzed (103 coursing 2nd. year and the others, last years). All of them were exposed simultaneously and without opportunities of exchanging opinions, to three tests: graphical, clinical and general (open answer). Results point out extrapolation as a current defect in the studied population. Deficiencies in related teaching experiences are also revealed. On the other hand, certain designs--although in the general low level of correct answers--appeared more familiar than others to the students. A deepening of analysis in extrapolation scientific aptitude and preventive exposition to valid experiences since 1st. year of medical career is proposed.

[Innovative approach of teaching-learning of histology and embriology]. / Enfoque innovador de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de histología y embriología.

The paper presents an innovative approach to the teaching-learning of histology and embryology. The traditional teaching of the subject in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Rosario National University, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina, up to 1974 is subjected to critical analysis, and on this basis the need for the innovation is propounded and the method for applying it proposed. A detailed account is given of the theoretical framework of the experiment reported, of the general and specific objectives of the teaching-learning technique, and of the thematic units into which the curriculum was divided. In the teaching-learning plan followed--described in the article--the conventional professorial lecture and its accompanying practical demonstrations are replaced by round tables and theoretical-practical tasks requiring active involvement and integrating theory and practice, in which teams tackle problems under teacher coordination. It also provides for evaluation of the students, teachers and course and eliminates the conventional examination.

[Ultrastructural changes in the human nasal respiratory epithelium in hypersensitivity reactions]. / Modificaciones ultraestructurales del epitelio respiratorio nasal humano en reacciones de hipersensibilidad.

In immunoallergic syndromes, the structure of normal respiratory nasal mucous membrane is modified. The epithelial lining (which is responsible for the effectiveness of the mucociliary synergy), is secondarily affected. Its modifications depend, generally, on the severity and chronicity of the clinical case. Normal and pathologic material obtained from inferior turbinate bone (of similar structure and response to the rest of the respiratory nasal mucous membrane) were studied through transmission and scanning electron microscopies, employing both methods as complementary analysis. In normal cases, the presence of different kinds of cells was confirmed. Some additional characteristics about intercellular spaces and junctions as well as the possible role of the above mentioned structures in transudation were also described. In pathologic cases, increasing lesion staging grades could be determined. In the first stage, structural alterations could not be observed despite the existence of functional disturbances (i.e. ciliary dyskinesia and non-synergic motility). In an advanced stage, ciliary abnormalities could be observed with abnormalities in the number, morphology, spatial orientation and distortion in the number of different cell types. With cellular linkage affectation, the severity of the lesion increased and the cells were easily desquamated, giving rise to intercellular spaces which communicated freely with the organ lumen. Finally, in the most severe cases, the epithelial lining was diminished to a monolayer, with complete cellular dissociation and lack of differentiation. This cellular disarrangement allowed free passage of substances in both directions through the monolayer.

Enfoque innovador de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de histología y embriología / Innovative approach of teaching-learning of histology and embriology

The paper presents an innovative approach to the teaching-learning of histology and embryology. The traditional teaching of the subject in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Rosario National University, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina, up to 1974 is subjected to critical analysis, and on this basis the need for the innovation is propounded and the method for applying it proposed. A detailed account is given of the theoretical framework of the experiment reported, of the general and specific objectives of the teaching-learning technique, and of the thematic units into which the curriculum was divided. In the teaching-learning plan followed--described in the article--the conventional professorial lecture and its accompanying practical demonstrations are replaced by round tables and theoretical-practical tasks requiring active involvement and integrating theory and practice, in which teams tackle problems under teacher coordination. It also provides for evaluation of the students, teachers and course and eliminates the conventional examination (Au)

La extrapolación errónea como defecto frecuente en alumnos de medicina. / [Erroneous extrapolation as a frequent defect in medical students]

Scientific aptitude development, useful for methodic management of information, is indispensable for teaching and learning, investigation, medical practice and customary life. Correct extrapolation is one of its components. This work deals with appropriate use of extrapolation among medical students. 118 students from a potentially experimented, interested and adapted population were analyzed (103 coursing 2nd. year and the others, last years). All of them were exposed simultaneously and without opportunities of exchanging opinions, to three tests: graphical, clinical and general (open answer). Results point out extrapolation as a current defect in the studied population. Deficiencies in related teaching experiences are also revealed. On the other hand, certain designs--although in the general low level of correct answers--appeared more familiar than others to the students. A deepening of analysis in extrapolation scientific aptitude and preventive exposition to valid experiences since 1st. year of medical career is proposed.