Emergency department visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To describe emergency department visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. METHOD: Exploratory, descriptive, ecological, quantitative study. From January 2015 to December 2016, was accessed the database with information of visits performed in an emergency department located in the region of Campo Limpo, municipality of São Paulo. A 99% confidence interval was considered for the incidence of visits with identification of ambulatory care sensitive conditions, and a margin of error of 0.4%. The analyzes were performed with use of the statistical package SPSS. RESULTS: We found 434,883 visits, of which 17.1% were due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions, mostly of women and children up to 4 years of age. The reason for most visits were ear, nose and throat infections (45.4%). There was a higher chance of visits for the indicator in chronic patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the emergency department ambulatory care sensitive conditions visits that may indicate poor access to primary care.

Comprehensiveness and programmatic vulnerability to stds/hiv/aids in primary care.

This study aimed to identify programmatic vulnerability to STDs/HIV/AIDS in primary health centers (PHCs). This is a descrip - tive and quantitative study carried out in the city of São Paulo. An online survey was applied (FormSUS platform), involving administrators from 442 PHCs in the city, with responses received from 328 of them (74.2%), of which 53.6% were nurses. At - tention was raised in relation to program - matic vulnerability in the PHCs regarding certain items of infrastructure, prevention, treatment, prenatal care and integration among services on STDs/HIV/AIDS care. It was concluded that in order to reach comprehensiveness of actions for HIV/ AIDS in primary health care, it is necessary to consider programmatic vulnerability, in addition to more investment and reor - ganization of services in a dialogue with the stakeholders (users, multidisciplinary teams, and managers, among others).

Adherence to HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in a specialized service in São Paulo, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) depends on adherence to the protocol, which includes taking antiretrovirals (ARVs) and attending visits. We examined the adherence rate to antiretroviral agents and follow-up visits identifying the associated characteristics of adherence and the reasons for not attending HIV PEP consultations in a specialized service in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study with health service users who had an indication for PEP due to sexual exposure in an HIV/AIDS service from April to October 2019. The health service users were followed-up throughout the prophylaxis cycle. Adherence was determined through self-reports on antiretroviral agent use and attendance to follow-up consultations. RESULTS: Association measures were employed to identify adherence-related characteristics. The sample analyzed included 91 users. The mean age was 32.5 years old (SD = 9.8). The largest share was white-skinned (49.5%), men who have sex with other men (62.2%), male (86.8%), and undergraduate/graduate students (65.9%). Adherence totaled 56.7% and health insurance was the associated characteristic (p = 0.039). Work (55.9%), using a private service (15.2%), forgetfulness (11.8%) and considering follow-up unnecessary (11.8%) were the main reasons for not attending the follow-up appointments. CONCLUSIONS: Few users do attend HIV PEP consultations. The users without health insurance had the highest adherence percentage whereas work was mentioned as a reason for not attending HIV PEP consultations.

Advanced Practice Nursing: "Training" Pillar in Supporting the Proposal in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to present the pillars that support what has been called Advanced Practice Nursing and discuss the necessary training for its implementation. METHODS: elements contained in assessment documents for graduate programs proposals, reports of presentations by international professors in countries and selected scientific publications were gathered to compose the argument. RESULTS: practice/competency (adds broad and in-depth knowledge about health processes and scientific evidence, clinical reasoning and clinical skills for therapeutic indications); 3) professional regulation (corresponding legislation and monitoring); and 4) funding (broad training and professional practice policy). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the agenda for implementing Advanced Practice Nursing in Brazil involves joining efforts to identify stakeholders for a work to legitimize their importance in the country's health and education overview.

[Differences between female and male adolescents regarding individual vulnerability to HIV]. / Diferenças entre adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino na vulnerabilidade individual ao HIV.

The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze male and female adolescents' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, based on their knowledge, values and practices. This is an exploratory-descriptive study, performed using a quantitative approach. The students answered a questionnaire from which relevant questions were selected for the analysis. The participants were 207 adolescents, 43.5% male and 56.5% female. Most adolescents report having initiated sexual activities. It was observed that the participants have knowledge deficits regarding HIV transmission and safe sexual practices. Although they report knowing about condom use as a method of protection against HIV, they do not always use them. It was observed that there are values connected to the representations of gender, but it is noticed there is an evolution regarding the autonomy and power of the girls' negotiation regarding condom use.

[International Classification of Public Health Nursing Practices - CIPESC®: a pedagogical tool for epidemiological studies]. / Classificação Internacional das Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva - CIPESC®: instrumento pedagógico de investigação epidemiológica.

The CIPESC® is a tool that informs the work of nurses in Public Health and assists in prioritizing their care in practice, management and research. It is also a powerful pedagogical instrument for the qualification of nurses within the Brazilian healthcare system. In the teaching of infectious diseases, using the CIPESC® assists in analyzing the interventions by encouraging clinical and epidemiological thinking regarding the health-illness process. With the purpose in mind of developing resources for teaching undergraduate nursing students and encouraging reflection regarding the process of nursing work, this article presents an experimental application of CIPESC®, using meningococcal meningitis as an example.

Step-by-step approach to reopening a Brazilian higher education institution during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: to describe the experience of reopening a Brazilian higher education institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: experience report of a step-by-set approach to reopening a nursing higher education institution in São Paulo, Brazil, from May 2020 to May 2021. RESULTS: the plan was created and operated by a group including students, professors, and technical-administrative workers. Weekly or by-weekly meetings occurred according to changes in the epidemiological situation and the needs to review the local technical and political agreements. CONCLUSIONS: we suggest that reopening plans during the COVID-19 pandemic should be politically and technically legitimated by all members of the community of a higher education institution so that they can take place quickly and sustainably. The early identification of COVID-19 cases and the adoption of local administrative measures are necessary to reduce the risk of outbreaks.

A mixed methods study on effectiveness and appropriateness of face shield use as COVID-19 PPE in middle income countries.

BACKGROUND: Face shields were widely used in 2020-2021 as facial personal protective equipment (PPE). Laboratory evidence about how protective face shields might be and whether real world user priorities and usage habits conflicted with best practice for maximum possible protection was lacking - especially in limited resource settings. METHODS: Relative protective potential of 13 face shield designs were tested in a controlled laboratory setting. Community and health care workers were surveyed in middle income country cities (Brazil and Nigeria) about their preferences and perspectives on face shields as facial PPE. Priorities about facial PPE held by survey participants were compared with the implications of the laboratory-generated test results. RESULTS: No face shield tested totally eliminated exposure. Head orientation and design features influenced the level of protection. Over 600 individuals were interviewed in Brazil and Nigeria (including 240 health care workers) in March-April 2021. Respondents commented on what influenced their preferred forms of facial PPE, how they tended to clean face shields, and their priorities in choosing a face cover product. Surveyed health care workers commonly bought personal protection equipment for use at work. CONCLUSIONS: All face shields provided some protection but none gave high levels of protection against external droplet contamination. Respondents wanted facial PPE that considered good communication, secure fixture, good visibility, comfort, fashion, and has validated protectiveness.

The potential of the concept of vulnerability in understanding transmissible diseases. / Potencialidade do conceito de vulnerabilidade para a compreensão das doenças transmissíveis.

This article presents the evolution and the contribution of the scientific production related to the concept of vulnerability and its potential to help studying transmissible diseases. It presents the concept of vulnerability and the production of knowledge in nursing, developed particularly by the CNPq Research Group Vulnerability, Adherence, and Health Needs. The purpose is to improve the understanding of health issues, based on this concept, and permit the proposition of coping interventions that surpass the individual domain, thus contemplating the organization of health care work and the social determination of the health-disease process.

The potential of an instrument to identify social vulnerabilities and health needs: collective health knowledge and practices.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze an instrument that aims to understand the health-disease process, its potential to identify social vulnerabilities and health needs to enable the most appropriate interventions in a given territory. PROCEDURES: analysis of the data collection instrument--composed of closed and open questions to identify different profiles of social reproduction (ways of working and living)--used in the Project of Pedagogical Development and activities reported by students at a Collective Health Nursing department. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument enables health care professionals, especially those from Collective Health Nursing, to identify social vulnerabilities and health needs, and guide interventions in different contexts, according to the health promotion perspective. Thus, it reveals potential to transform current health practices, dynamism and constant innovation of these practices in different contexts, according to the 'radicality' that is characteristic of Collective Health.

Performance of the expanded Family Health Centers in evaluating the PMAQ-AB. / Desempenho dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família na avaliação do PMAQ-AB.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the performance of the Expanded Family Health Centers in the state of São Paulo in the Work Process Organization dimension in evaluating the PMAQ-AB , according to the Paulista Social Responsibility Index. A cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach based on data from the 2ndcycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care ( PMAQ-AB ). There were 149 teams from 47 municipalities distributed in five groups analyzed by simple frequency, according to the Paulista Social Responsibility Index. The teams from group four (municipalities of low wealth and intermediate social indicators) achieved satisfactory and very satisfactory performance (90.9%). The teams from the group two municipalities (high wealth index and unsatisfactory social indicators) had worse performance; the teams from the municipality of São Paulo obtained the highest percentage of satisfactory and very satisfactory performance (95.8%). CONCLUSION: The teams from the municipality of São Paulo (high wealth index and unsatisfactory social indicators) and the teams from the municipalities of group four (low wealth and intermediate social indicators) were those that achieved better performance.

Interfaces of vulnerability dimensions in violence against children.

OBJECTIVE: present and discuss the potential use of the concept of vulnerability for the development of practices to address violence against children. METHOD: this is a theoretical study that presents the characteristics of the phenomenon of violence against children, to which the concept of vulnerability is applied. RESULTS: proposal of a framework for the analysis of violence against children in the perspective of vulnerability, creating individual and collective dimensions. Violence against children, when analyzed in the perspective of this concept, broadens the understanding of this phenomenon, as it exposes aspects and conditions from outside the family that are co-responsible for the occurrence of this phenomenon. CONCLUSION: developing studies to identify the vulnerability of children to violence is essential for the development of practices to address this issue.

Sociodemographic and health profile of TB/HIV co-infection in Brazil: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: to ascertain the epidemiological profile of TB/HIV co-infection in Brazilian scenarios. METHOD: this is a systematic review conducted via electronic search in databases PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and SciELO, having as inclusion criterion articles based on the Brazilian scenario of TB/HIV co-infection. RESULTS: of the total 174 studies, 15 were selected, revealing the epidemiological profile of the co-infection in different scenarios: male, economically active age, low education level, brown/black ethnicity, low income, heterosexual, pulmonary clinical form, alcoholism and Directly Observed Therapy. CONCLUSION: the sociodemographic and epidemiological profile of people with TB/HIV co-infection has an expected occurrence pattern, which corroborates articles found in the literature, either at national level or by grouping the studies according to region or state.

[Women living with AIDS and the Family Health Program professionals: disclosing the diagnosis]. / Mulheres vivendo com aids e os profissionais do Programa Saúde da Família: revelando o diagnóstico.

This qualitative study was carried out with women living with HIV/AIDS cared by a specialized STD/AIDS service and registered in a Family Health Program (FHP) unit. The purpose was to identify the motivations of women living with HIV/AIDS to provide private information to the FHP team. The study was performed using semi-structured interviews, analyzed with the bioethics theoretical framework. It was verified that women disclose the diagnosis to the FHP team when: the HIV/AIDS diagnosis was made in the unit; they feel there is better treatment for being HIV positive; they are bond as family members; there is trust; and women feel that they do not feel pity of them. Women so not disclose when: the professional's attitude produces fear and unreliability; they think that the FHP takes care of bedridden patients; they do not trust by fearing secret disclosure; and they already have all the care needed in the SCS.

mHealth e saúde pública: a presença digital do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil por meio de aplicativos de dispositivos móveis / mHealth and public health: the digital presence of the Brazilian Unified Health System through mobile device applications / mHealth y salud pública: la presencia digital del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil a través de aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles

A evolução das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação permitiu que, ao longo da história, os campos da comunicação, da tecnologia e da saúde criassem diversas interseções. Entre elas, estão os aplicativos para dispositivos móveis que são estratégias de saúde digital móvel (mHealth). Há, porém, poucas evidências do uso desses avanços na saúde pública. A partir da identificação de 43 aplicativos ligados a Secretarias Municipais de Saúde, a Secretarias de Estado de Saúde e ao Ministério da Saúde, este artigo objetiva mapear e analisar essas iniciativas de presença digital no Sistema Único de Saúde. Os resultados mostram que as cidades têm grande destaque, liderando o uso dos apps, sobretudo no Sul do país. Os apps foram baixados mais de 28 milhões de vezes, receberam média de avaliação de 3,7, e a maioria (53%) tinha sido recém-atualizada. Essas tecnologias podem auxiliar o SUS nas políticas de comunicação e saúde digital

The evolution of Information and Communication Technologies has allowed, throughout history, the fields of communication, technology, and health to create different intersections. Among them are applications for mobile devices which are mobile digital health (mHealth) strategies. There is, however, little evidence of the use of these advances in public health. Based on the identification of 43 applications linked to Municipal Health Secretariats, State Health Secretariats and the Ministry of Health, this article aims to map and analyze these digital presence initiatives of the Unified Health System. The results show that cities stand out, leading the use of apps, especially in the southern region of the country. The apps had over 28 million downloads, received an average rating of 3.7, and most (53%) had been updated recently. These technolo-gies can help the Unified Health System in communication and digital health policies

La evolución de las tecnologías ha permitido, a lo largo de la historia, que los campos de la comunicación, la tecnología y la salud hayan creado diferentes intersecciones, como las aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles, que son estrategias de salud digital móvil (mHealth). Sin embargo, hay poca evidencia del uso de estos avances en la salud pública. A partir de la identificación de 43 aplicaciones vinculadas a las Secretarías Municipales de Salud, Secretarías Estatales de Salud y el Ministerio de Salud, este artículo tiene como objetivo mapear y analizar estas iniciativas de presencia digital del Sistema Único de Salud. Los resultados muestran que las ciudades se destacan, liderando el uso de apps. Las aplicaciones se han descargado más de 28 millones de veces, recibieron una calificación promedio de 3.7 y la mayoría (53%) se actualizaron recientemente. Estas tecnologías pueden ayudar al SUS en las políticas de comunicación y salud digital

Identification of post-cesarean surgical site infection: nursing consultation.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of women in relation to their living conditions, health status and socio-demographic profile, correlating it with the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of post-cesarean surgical site infection, identifying information to be considered in the puerperium consultation performed by nurses and proposing a roadmap for the systematization of care. METHOD: Quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective review of medical records of women who had cesarean deliveries in 2014, in the city of São Paulo. RESULTS: 89 medical records were analyzed, 62 of them with incomplete information. In 11, there was at least one of the signs and symptoms suggestive of infection. CONCLUSION: Given the results of the study, the systematization of puerperal consultation is essential. The roadmap is an instrument that can potentially improve the quality of service and the recording of information.

Oficina com homens trans grávidos sobre cuidados com o recém-nascido / Workshop with pregnant trans men on newborn care

Introdução:É comum existirem dúvidas em relação aos cuidados com o recém-nascido, particularmente quando se trata do homem transgênero grávido. Objetivo:Relatar a experiência das oficinas de cuidado ao recém-nascido realizadas no âmbito do Projeto Cuidar, voltado a homens transgêneros grávidos, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Gestantes do Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids-SP, São Paulo-SP, Brasil. Metodologia: As oficinas de educação em saúde tiveram como finalidade contribuir para minimizar as dúvidas e os medos expressos sobre os cuidados iniciais com o recém-nascido. Resultados: Foram realizadas oficinas por meio de encontros coletivos com casais transgêneros, com interação e compartilhamento de saberes de maneira horizontalizada, de forma participativa e reflexiva, com uma dinâmica de transmissão de conhecimento. Nas oficinas, houve troca de informações sobre cuidados gerais com a criança, demonstração de procedimentos de cuidado e devolutiva dos participantes. Considerações finais: Há muita desinformação e pouca informação correta e atualizada sobre os primeiros cuidados com o bebê. As oficinas mostraram-se importantes quanto à possibilidade de partilha de conhecimentos e experiências.

Advanced Practice Nursing: "Training" Pillar in Supporting the Proposal in Brazil / Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada: Pilar "Formación" en Apoyo a la Propuesta en Brasil / Enfermagem de Prática Avançada: Pilar "Formação" na Sustentação da Proposta no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objectives: to present the pillars that support what has been called Advanced Practice Nursing and discuss the necessary training for its implementation. Methods: elements contained in assessment documents for graduate programs proposals, reports of presentations by international professors in countries and selected scientific publications were gathered to compose the argument. Results: practice/competency (adds broad and in-depth knowledge about health processes and scientific evidence, clinical reasoning and clinical skills for therapeutic indications); 3) professional regulation (corresponding legislation and monitoring); and 4) funding (broad training and professional practice policy). Final Considerations: the agenda for implementing Advanced Practice Nursing in Brazil involves joining efforts to identify stakeholders for a work to legitimize their importance in the country's health and education overview.

RESUMEN Objetivos: presentar los pilares que sustentan lo que se ha denominado Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada y discutir la formación necesaria para su implementación. Métodos: se reunieron elementos contenidos en documentos de evaluación de propuestas de programas de posgrado, informes de presentaciones de profesores internacionales en países y publicaciones científicas seleccionadas para componer el argumento. Resultados: práctica/competencia (agrega conocimiento amplio y profundo sobre procesos de salud y evidencia científica, razonamiento clínico y habilidades clínicas para indicaciones terapéuticas); 3) regulación profesional (legislación correspondiente y seguimiento); y 4) financiación (política amplia de formación y ejercicio profesional). Consideraciones Finales: la agenda para la implementación de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en Brasil implica aunar esfuerzos para identificar actores para un trabajo de legitimación de su importancia en el panorama de la salud y la educación del país.

RESUMO Objetivos: apresentar os pilares que sustentam o que vem sendo nominado como Enfermagem de Prática Avançada e problematizar sobre a formação necessária para sua implementação. Métodos: reuniram-se elementos constantes em documentos de avaliação de propostas dos programas de pós-graduação, relatórios de apresentações de docentes internacionais em países e publicações científicas selecionadas para compor a argumentação. Resultados: prática/competência (agrega conhecimento amplo e aprofundado sobre os processos de saúde e evidências científicas, raciocínio clínico e capacidades clínicas para indicações terapêuticas); 3) regulação profissional (legislação correspondente e acompanhamento); e 4) financiamento (política ampla de formação e de prática profissional). Considerações Finais: a agenda para a implementação da Enfermagem de Prática Avançada no Brasil passa por conjugar esforços na identificação de stakeholders para um trabalho de legitimação sobre sua importância no panorama da saúde e educação do país.

Experiência no acompanhamento do pré-natal de homens transexuais gestantes no Centro de Referência em DST/Aids, São Paulo / Experience in prenatal monitoring of pregnant transgender men at the Reference Center for STD/Aids, Sao Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a experiência do ambulatório de assistência ao pré-natal do Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids-SP no acolhimento a homens transgêneros gestantes, descrevendo como foram organizadas as ações e o aprendizado que extraímos dessa vivência. A finalidade é ampliar o debate sobre o tema e fomentar ações no cuidado a essa população e ampliar seu acesso aos serviços de saúde.