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1.
Gastroenterology ; 152(5): 1055-1067.e3, 2017 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28089681

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hyperoxaluria after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is generally attributed to fat malabsorption. If hyperoxaluria is indeed caused by fat malabsorption, magnitudes of hyperoxaluria and steatorrhea should correlate. Severely obese patients, prior to bypass, ingest excess dietary fat that can produce hyperphagic steatorrhea. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether urine oxalate excretion correlates with elements of fat balance in severely obese patients before and after RYGB. METHODS: Fat balance and urine oxalate excretion were measured simultaneously in 26 severely obese patients before and 1 year after RYGB, while patients consumed their usual diet. At these time points, stool and urine samples were collected. Steatorrhea and hyperoxaluria were defined as fecal fat >7 g/day and urine oxalate >40 mg/day. Differences were evaluated using paired 2-tailed t tests. RESULTS: Prior to RYGB, 12 of 26 patients had mild to moderate steatorrhea. Average urine oxalate excretion was 61 mg/day; there was no correlation between fecal fat and urine oxalate excretion. After RYGB, 24 of 26 patients had steatorrhea and urine oxalate excretion averaged 69 mg/day, with a positive correlation between fecal fat and urine oxalate excretions (r = 0.71, P < .001). For each 10 g/day increase in fecal fat output, fecal water excretion increased only 46 mL/day. CONCLUSIONS: Steatorrhea and hyperoxaluria were common in obese patients before bypass, but hyperoxaluria was not caused by excess unabsorbed fatty acids. Hyperphagia, obesity, or metabolic syndrome could have produced this previously unrecognized hyperoxaluric state by stimulating absorption or endogenous synthesis of oxalate. Hyperoxaluria after RYGB correlated with steatorrhea and was presumably caused by excess fatty acids in the intestinal lumen. Because post-bypass steatorrhea caused little increase in fecal water excretion, most patients with steatorrhea did not consider themselves to have diarrhea. Before and after RYGB, high oxalate intake contributed to the severity of hyperoxaluria.


Asunto(s)
Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Derivación Gástrica , Hiperoxaluria/metabolismo , Hiperfagia/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Esteatorrea/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Heces/química , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperoxaluria/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/cirugía , Oxalatos/orina , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Esteatorrea/epidemiología
2.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 92(4): 704-13, 2010 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20739420

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) restricts food intake, and when the Roux limb is elongated to 150 cm, the procedure is believed to induce malabsorption. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to measure total reduction in intestinal absorption of combustible energy after RYGB and the extent to which this was due to restriction of food intake or malabsorption of ingested macronutrients. DESIGN: Long-limb RYGB was performed in 9 severely obese patients. Dietary intake and intestinal absorption of fat, protein, carbohydrate, and combustible energy were measured before and at 2 intervals after bypass. By using coefficients of absorption to measure absorptive function, equations were developed to calculate the daily gram and kilocalorie quantities of ingested macronutrients that were not absorbed because of malabsorption or restricted food intake. RESULTS: Coefficients of fat absorption were 92 ± 1.3% before bypass, 72 ± 5.5% 5 mo after bypass, and 68 ± 8.7% 14 mo after bypass. There were no statistically significant effects of RYGB on protein or carbohydrate absorption coefficients, although protein coefficients decreased substantially in some patients. Five months after bypass, malabsorption reduced absorption of combustible energy by 124 ± 57 kcal/d, whereas restriction of food intake reduced energy absorption by 2062 ± 271 kcal/d. Fourteen months after bypass, malabsorption reduced energy absorption by 172 ± 60 kcal/d compared with 1418 ± 171 kcal/d caused by restricted food intake. CONCLUSION: On average, malabsorption accounted for ≈6% and 11% of the total reduction in combustible energy absorption at 5 and 14 mo, respectively, after this gastric bypass procedure.


Asunto(s)
Derivación Gástrica/efectos adversos , Síndromes de Malabsorción/etiología , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Adulto , Sulfato de Bario/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Tamaño Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Duodeno/anatomía & histología , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Ingestión de Energía , Metabolismo Energético , Heces/química , Femenino , Derivación Gástrica/métodos , Humanos , Hidrógeno/análisis , Absorción Intestinal , Síndromes de Malabsorción/epidemiología , Síndromes de Malabsorción/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Obesidad Mórbida/fisiopatología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Respiratorios , Urinálisis
3.
Science ; 316(5833): 1916-9, 2007 Jun 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17600220

RESUMEN

When prototrophic yeast cells are cultured under nutrient-limited conditions that mimic growth in the wild, rather than in the high-glucose solutions used in most laboratory studies, they exhibit a robustly periodic metabolic cycle. Over a cycle of 4 to 5 hours, yeast cells rhythmically alternate between glycolysis and respiration. The cell division cycle is tightly constrained to the reductive phase of this yeast metabolic cycle, with DNA replication taking place only during the glycolytic phase. We show that cell cycle mutants impeded in metabolic cycle-directed restriction of cell division exhibit substantial increases in spontaneous mutation rate. In addition, disruption of the gene encoding a DNA checkpoint kinase that couples the cell division cycle to the circadian cycle abolishes synchrony of the metabolic and cell cycles. Thus, circadian, metabolic, and cell division cycles may be coordinated similarly as an evolutionarily conserved means of preserving genome integrity.


Asunto(s)
Ciclo Celular , Replicación del ADN , Genoma Fúngico , Glucólisis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Quinasa de Punto de Control 2 , Homeostasis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Metionina/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo
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