Pure laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute neuropathy that rarely compromises bladder function. Conservative management including clean intermittent catheterization and pharmacotherapy is the primary approach for hypocompliant contracted bladder. Surgical treatment may be used in refractory cases to improve bladder compliance and capacity in order to protect the upper urinary tract. We describe a case of pure laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty in a patient affected by Guillain-Barre syndrome. PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old female, complaining of voiding dysfunction, recurrent urinary tract infection and worsening renal function for three months. A previous history of Guillain-Barre syndrome on childhood was related. A voiding cystourethrography showed a pine-cone bladder with moderate post-void residual urine. The urodynamic demonstrated a hypocompliant bladder and small bladder capacity (190 mL) with high detrusor pressure (54 cmH2O). Nonsurgical treatments were attempted, however unsuccessfully.

Abortos por Neosporacaninum em bovinos do sul de Minas Gerais / Neosporacaninum abortions in cattle in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Este estudo avaliou a participação de Neospora caninum em casos de abortos em bovinos provenientes de propriedades rurais da região sul de Minas Gerais por meio de análises histopatológicas, imuno-histoquímicas (IHQ) e pela reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR). O material utilizado foi obtido de um estudo retrospectivo de casos de aborto recebidos pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras e de fetos necropsiados durante os anos de 2011 a 2013. De 60 fetos estudados, 30 (50%) tinham lesões microscópicas. Destes, 19 (63%) apresentaram lesões compatíveis com aborto por N. caninum, caracterizadas principalmente por encefalite não supurativa multifocal, necrose e gliose multifocal, assim como, miocardite e miosite não supurativa. Em 14 fetos chegou-se ao diagnóstico definitivo. Destes, cinco tiveram sua confirmação somente pela marcação IHQ e cinco foram positivos somente na PCR. Quatro fetos foram positivos tanto na IHQ quanto na PCR. Cinco fetos, provenientes do estudo retrospectivo apresentaram lesões compatíveis com N. caninum, mas a presença do protozoário não foi confirmada pela marcação IHQ. Os achados demonstram que o N. caninum é um importante agente associado ao aborto em bovinos na região sul de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, além das lesões microscópicas a associação entre a IHQ e a técnica de PCR foi essencial para a confirmação do diagnóstico.

The present study evaluates the participation of Neospora caninum in bovine abortions from farms in the southern region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, through histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHQ) analysis and DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The material used in this study was obtained through retrospective study of bovine abortion cases received by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras and by necropsies performed in fetuses from 2011 to 2013. From 60 fetuses studied, 30 (50%) had microscopic lesions; 19 (63%) of them had histologic lesions compatible with N. caninum abortion, characterized by multifocal non-suppurative encephalitis, necrosis and gliosis in the central nervous system and multifocal nonsuppurative myocarditis and myositis. From the 19 fetuses with protozoa lesions in 14 the final diagnosis was performed; five were confirmated only by IHQ staining and five were positive only by PCR. Four fetuses were positive in IHC and in PCR. In five fetuses from the retrospective study lesions compatible with N. caninum were seen, but the presence of the protozoan was not confirmed by IHQ labeling. The findings demonstrate that N. caninum is an important agent associated with abortion in cattle from Minas Gerais. Therefore, beyond the microscopic lesions association between IHC and PCR was essential to confirm the diagnosis.