Aberrant sphingomyelin 31P-NMR signatures in giant cell tumour of bone.

An understanding of the biochemistry of the giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) provides an opportunity for the development of prognostic markers and identification of therapeutic targets. Based on metabolomic analysis, we proposed glycerophospholipid metabolism as the altered pathway in GCTB., The objective of this study was to identify these altered metabolites. Using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR), sphingomyelin was determined to be the most dysregulated phospholipid in tissue samples from six patients with GCTB. Enzymes related to its biosynthesis and hydrolysis were examined using immunodetection techniques. High expression of sphingomyelin synthases 1 and 2, but low expression of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) was found in GCTB tissues compared to non-neoplastic bone tissues. Sphingomyelin/ceramide biosynthesis is dysregulated in GCTB due to alterations in the expression of SMS1, SMS2, and nSMase2.

Metabolic profiling of serum in patients with cartilage tumours using 1 H-NMR spectroscopy: A pilot study.

Cartilage-forming lesions include tumours that can vary in severity from benign enchondromas to high-grade malignant chondrosarcomas. Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequent malignant bone tumour, accounting for 20-30% of all malignant bone neoplasms. Surgery is the standard treatment for cartilage tumours (CTs); however, their incidental diagnosis and the difficult differentiation of low-grade lesions like chondrosarcoma grade I from benign entities like enchondroma are challenges for clinical management. In this sense, the search for circulating biomarkers for early detection and prognosis is an ongoing interest. Targeted metabolomics is a powerful tool that can propose potential biomarkers in biological fluids as well as help to discover disturbed metabolic pathways to reveal tumour pathogenesis. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic serum profile of patients with CTs contrasted with healthy controls. Forty-one metabolites were identified and quantified; the multivariate statistical methods principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis reveal a clear separation of the CT group, that is, the differential metabolites that were involved in two main metabolic pathways: the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Our results represent preliminary work for emergent serum-based diagnostics or prognostic methods for patients with chondrogenic tumours.

Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver.

The liver is considered the laboratory of the human body because of its many metabolic processes. It accomplishes diverse activities as a mixed gland and is in continuous cross-talk with the endocrine system. Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the liver functions, but the sex hormones also exert a strong influence on this sexually dimorphic organ, via their receptors expressed in liver, in both health and disease. Besides, the liver modifies the actions of sex hormones through their metabolism and transport proteins. Given the anatomical position and physiological importance of liver, this organ is evidenced as an immune vigilante that mediates the systemic immune response, and, in turn, the immune system regulates the hepatic functions. Such feedback is performed by cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are strongly involved in hepatic homeostasis and in pathological states; indeed, female sex hormones, oral contraceptives, and phytoestrogens have immunomodulatory effects in the liver and the whole organism. To analyze the complex and interesting beneficial or deleterious effects of these drugs by their immunomodulatory actions in the liver can provide the basis for either their pharmacological use in therapeutic treatments or to avoid their intake in some diseases.

Evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of white cabbage essential oil.

CONTEXT: There have been no reports of the extraction of essential oil (EO) from white cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (L.) Alef. f. alba DC. (Brassicaceae)] (Bocfal) or its chemical composition, antioxidant activity, or hepatoprotective effects. OBJECTIVE: To extract Bocfal EO, to identify and quantify its chemical components, to assess their antioxidant capacity, and to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Bocfal EO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bocfal EO was obtained using hydrodistillation (200 mm Hg/58 °C). The chemical composition was analyzed using GC-MS and was quantified using GC-FID. The antioxidant activity of Bocfal EO and its main constituents was evaluated using TBARS in rat brain homogenates. A Bocfal EO hepatoprotective effect (192 mg/kg) on acute carbon tetrachloride (CT)-induced liver damage was determined in rats using biochemical markers and histological analysis. Diallyl disulphide (DADS) (1 mmol/kg) was used as a control for comparison. RESULTS: Bocfal EO contained organic polysulphides (OPSs), such as dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) 65.43 ± 4.92% and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) 19.29 ± 2.16% as major constituents. Bocfal EO and DMTS were found to be potent TBARS inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.51 and 3 mg/L, respectively. Bocfal EO demonstrated better hepatoprotective properties than did DADS (p < 0.05), although both slightly affected the hepatic parenchyma per se, as observed using histopathology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The antioxidant properties of Bocfal EO and DMTS may be the mechanism of hepatoprotective action; the parenchymal disturbances by Bocfal EO or DADS alone may be related to the high doses used.

The ketone body ß-Hydroxybutyrate as a fuel source of chondrosarcoma cells.

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant bone tumor arising from cartilage-producing cells. The conventional subtype of CS typically develops within a dense cartilaginous matrix, creating an environment deficient in oxygen and nutrients, necessitating metabolic adaptation to ensure proliferation under stress conditions. Although ketone bodies (KBs) are oxidized by extrahepatic tissue cells such as the heart and brain, specific cancer cells, including CS cells, can undergo ketolysis. In this study, we found that KBs catabolism is activated in CS cells under nutrition-deprivation conditions. Interestingly, cytosolic ß-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2), rather than mitochondrial BDH1, is expressed in these cells, indicating a specific metabolic adaptation for ketolysis in this bone tumor. The addition of the KB, ß-Hydroxybutyrate (ß-HB) in serum-starved CS cells re-induced the expression of BDH2, along with the key ketolytic enzyme 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1). Additionally, internal ß-HB production was quantified in supplied and starved cells, suggesting that CS cells are also capable of ketogenesis alongside ketolysis. These findings unveil a novel metabolic adaptation wherein nutrition-deprived CS cells utilize KBs for energy supply and proliferation.

A Key Metabolic Regulator of Bone and Cartilage Health.

Taurine, a cysteine-derived zwitterionic sulfonic acid, is a common ingredient in energy drinks and is naturally found in fish and other seafood. In humans, taurine is produced mainly in the liver, and it can also be obtained from food. In target tissues, such as the retina, heart, and skeletal muscle, it functions as an essential antioxidant, osmolyte, and antiapoptotic agent. Taurine is also involved in energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Taurine plays a considerable role in bone growth and development, and high-profile reports have demonstrated the importance of its metabolism for bone health. However, these reports have not been collated for more than 10 years. Therefore, this review focuses on taurine-bone interactions and covers recently discovered aspects of taurine's effects on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, bone structure, and bone pathologies (e.g., osteoporosis and fracture healing), with due attention to the taurine-cartilage relationship.

IgY Antibodies as Biotherapeutics in Biomedicine.

Since the discovery of antibodies by Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato during the 19th century, their potential for use as biotechnological reagents has been exploited in different fields, such as basic and applied research, diagnosis, and the treatment of multiple diseases. Antibodies are relatively easy to obtain from any species with an adaptive immune system, but birds are animals characterized by relatively easy care and maintenance. In addition, the antibodies they produce can be purified from the egg yolk, allowing a system for obtaining them without performing invasive practices, which favors the three "rs" of animal care in experimentation, i.e., replacing, reducing, and refining. In this work, we carry out a brief descriptive review of the most outstanding characteristics of so-called "IgY technology" and the use of IgY antibodies from birds for basic experimentation, diagnosis, and treatment of human beings and animals.

Monoarthritis of the knee with unusual lesions in adults associated with varicella-zoster virus infection.

Varicella-zoster virus-associated arthritis has not been well documented in adults. We present the case of a 27-year-old female patient with monoarthritis of the knee associated with clinical symptoms typical of varicella. Arthroscopic examination showed unusual oval and circular lesions in cartilage, some of which measured 5 +/- 3 mm in diameter in weight-supporting zones. Such lesions have not been described previously and were type III-A lesions on the Noyes scale or grade IV on the Outerbridge scale. On microscopic observation, synovial fluid cultures and hemocultures were negative for the presence of bacteria. A biopsy sample and synovial liquid from the affected knee produced a positive polymerase chain reaction for varicella-zoster virus, genotype E. These findings suggest a strong relation between clinical varicella infection and important lesion invasion in the knee articulation of such a young adult, probably related to the virus. However, it remains necessary to corroborate this relation between cartilage destruction and clinical symptoms of varicella associated with monoarthritis of an adult knee. Nevertheless, it is advisable to initiate the appropriate antiviral treatment in adults with varicella-related gonalgia because the lesions produce the most severe effects on exposure to the knee bone.

Dietary chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) improve acute dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis in rats.

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) are rich in omega fatty acids. Dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis are diseases that require effective treatments in obese and non-obese patients. The aim was to evaluate the effect of chia intake on acute tyloxapol (TI)-induced dyslipidemia, on acute carbon tetrachloride (TC)-induced steatohepatitis, and on mixed damage (TC+TI) in non-obese rats. Four experimental groups were fed for 4 weeks a diet with established rodent food (DE), and four groups were fed a diet with 15% added chia (DC). Plasma samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, biochemical liver damage markers, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Liver samples were used to quantify glycogen, catalase, lipid peroxidation, and TNF-α. A histopathological analysis was performed. DC intake partially or totally prevented steatohepatitis, and reduced lipids in the dyslipidemic groups. The hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of chia may be correlated to its high content of α-linolenic acid (omega-3) and phenolics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Metabolic syndrome is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are currently the most common causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for NAFLD and NASH. Non-obese patients may have NAFLD or NASH. Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia are more strongly associated with NAFLD in non-obese than in obese patients. This is the first study evaluating the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of chia seed intake on acute dyslipidemia and/or steatohepatitis caused by the individual or combined administration of the inducers tyloxapol and carbon tetrachloride, respectively, in non-obese rats. The pharmacological effects of dietary chia are correlated to its high content of omega-3 and omega-6 (1:1), protein, dietary fiber, and phenolics. The results suggest that inclusion of chia in diets of non-obese patients with dyslipidemia and/or NAFLD/NASH may improve their health state and preventing cirrhosis or HCC.

Adolescentes y jóvenes en orfandad por desaparición, homicidio y feminicidio: revisión narrativa / Experiences and significances of adolescents orphaned by homicide and forced disappearance / Experiências e significados de adolescentes órfãos por homicídio e desaparecimento forçado

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo presenta una revisión narrativa de la producción empírica y conceptual en torno a adolescentes y jóvenes en orfandad a causa del homicidio (por feminicidio o desaparición de un progenitor) en América Latina. El objetivo es describir los temas emergentes del fenómeno, los cuales se sistematizan en siete ejes: 1) alteraciones e impacto psicológico; 2) secreto familiar; 3) duelo complicado; 4) estudios sobre la vivencia de la pérdida y la reconstrucción de sí mismo; 5) reestructuración familiar; 6) vulnerabilidad individual y estigmatización; 7) vulneración de los derechos humanos. La investigación con adolescentes y jóvenes es limitada; sin embargo, supone beneficios a ellos y sus familias.

Abstract (analytical) This paper presents a narrative review of the empirical and conceptual production regarding adolescents and young people from Latin America who have been orphaned due to homicide, femicide or the forced disappearance of a parent. The objective is to describe the issues that emerge from this phenomenon. A total of 42 studies that used qualitative approaches were included in this literature review. The findings were systematized in seven thematic areas: 1) alterations, psychological impact and implications for mental health; 2) family secrets and silencing of the incident; 3) complicated grief and chronic suffering; 4) studies on the experiences of loss and the reconstruction of oneself and searching for their own identity; 5) restructuring of families and new roles; 6) individual vulnerability and stigmatization; and 7) violations of human rights. Direct research with adolescents and young people is limited, however when they are included in studies it benefits them and their families.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo apresenta uma narrativa revisada de uma produção empírica e conceitual sobre adolescentes e jovens órfãos por homicídio (feminicídio ou desaparecimento de um dos pais) na América Latina. O objetivo é descrever temas emergentes sobre esse fenômeno, que foram sistematizados em sete eixos temáticos: 1) alterações e impacto psicológico, 2) segredo familiar, 3) luto complicado, 4) estudos sobre a experiência de perda e reconstrução do self, 5) reestruturação familiar, 6) vulnerabilidade e estigmatização individual e 7) Violação de direitos humanos. A pesquisa com adolescentes e adultos jovens é limitada; no entanto, traz benefícios para eles e suas famílias.

Estigma internalizado en un grupo LGBT / Internalized Stigma in an LGBT Group

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es describir el estigma internalizado en un grupo LGBT de Bogotá, Colombia. Se reconocen relaciones de poder y predomina el pensamiento heteronormativo, bicategorial, que configura el estigma sociocultural decantando en un estigma internalizado. Este afecta el desarrollo de sus capacidades y autonomía, limitando un mejor desarrollo humano.

Abstract The objective of this article is to describe the internalized stigma in an LGBT group in Bogota, Colombia. Power relations are recognized and heteronormative, dichotomous thinking predominates, which configures the sociocultural stigma decanting in an internalized stigma. This affects the development of their capabilities and autonomy, by limiting a better human development.

Configuración de la masculinidad en varones adolescentes fumadores de tabaco / Configuration of masculinity in male adolescents tobacco smokers / Configuração da masculinidade em homens adolescentes fumadores de tabaco

Resumen El consumo de tabaco en la adolescencia es cada vez mayor, en particular en población masculina. Objetivo: analizar la configuración de la masculinidad en varones adolescentes heterosexuales fumadores de un bachillerato de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Materiales y métodos: desde la perspectiva teórica de las masculinidades se realizó un estudio de caso cualitativo con ocho varones. A través de muestreo propositivo y a conveniencia. Previo consentimiento y asentimiento informado se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas y a profundidad, así como tres dibujos proyectivos con sus narraciones. Se realizó análisis narrativo e iconográfico y triangulación metodológica a través de ATLAS.ti. Resultados: el fumar reafirma la masculinidad entre pares varones a través de: espacios de homosocialización que permiten aceptación en el grupo, se evitan etiquetas como "joto" para el que no fuma y se preserva el "honor de ser varón" ser reconocido. Conclusión: el estudio demuestra que el fumar en los hombres adolescentes configura su masculinidad, el "ser varón" reta lo establecido, es vehículo de homosocialización y se relaciona con al riesgo.

Abstract The consumption of tobacco in adolescence is increasing, particularly in the male population. Objective: to analyze the configuration of masculinity in heterosexual adolescent male smokers from a high school in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Materials and methods: from the theoretical perspective of masculinities, a qualitative case study was carried out with eight boys through purposeful sampling. After informed consent and assent, eight semi-structured and in-depth interviews were carried out, as well as three projective drawings with their narration. Narrative and iconographic analysis and methodological triangulation were carried out through ATLAS.ti. Results: smoking reaffirms masculinity among male peers through: homo-socialization spaces that allow acceptance in the group, labels such as "joto" are avoided for those who do not smoke and the "honor of being man", of being recognized is preserved. Conclusion: the study demonstrates that smoking in adolescent men shapes their masculinity, "being a male" challenges what is established, it is a vehicle for homo-socialization and it is related to risk.

Resumo O consumo de tabaco na adolescência é cada vez maior, em particular em povoação masculina. Objetivo: analisar a configuração da masculinidade em homens adolescentes heterossexuais fumadores de ensino básico e médio de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Materiais e métodos: desde a perspectiva teórica das masculinidades se realizou um estudo de caso qualitativo com oito homens. A través de amostra propositiva e a conveniencia. Prévio consentimento e assentimento informado se realizaram oito entrevistas semiestruturadas e a profundidade, assim como três desenhos projetivos com suas narrações. Realizou-se análise narrativo e iconográfico e triangulação metodológica a través de ATLAS.ti. Resultados: o fumar reafirma a masculinidade entre pares homens a través de: espaços de homo socialização que permitem aceitação no grupo, se evitam apelidos como "joto" para quem não fuma e se preserva o "honor de ser homem "ser reconhecido. Conclusão: o estudo demostrou que o fumar nos homens adolescentes configura sua masculinidade, o "ser homem "reta o estabelecido, é veículo de homo socialização e se relaciona com o risco.

Configuración de la masculinidad en varones adolescentes fumadores de tabaco / Configuration of masculinity in male adolescents tobacco smokers / Configuração da masculinidade em homens adolescentes fumadores de tabaco

El consumo de tabaco en la adolescencia es cada vez mayor, en particular en población masculina. Objetivo: analizar la configuración de la masculinidad en varones adolescentes heterosexuales fumadores de un bachillerato de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Materiales y métodos: desde la perspectiva teórica de las masculinidades se realizó un estudio de caso cualitativo con ocho varones. A través de muestreo propositivo y a conveniencia. Previo consentimiento y asentimiento informado se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas y a profundidad, así como tres dibujos proyectivos con sus narraciones. Se realizó análisis narrativo e iconográfico y triangulación metodológica a través de ATLAS.ti. Resultados: el fumar reafirma la masculinidad entre pares varones a través de: espacios de homosocialización que permiten aceptación en el grupo, se evitan etiquetas como "joto" para el que no fuma y se preserva el "honor de ser varón" ser reconocido. Conclusión: el estudio demuestra que el fumar en los hombres adolescentes configura su masculinidad, el "ser varón" reta lo establecido, es vehículo de homosocialización y se relaciona con al riesgo.

The consumption of tobacco in adolescence is increasing, particularly in the male population. Objective: to analyze the configuration of masculinity in heterosexual adolescent male smokers from a high school in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Materials and methods: from the theoretical perspective of masculinities, a qualitative case study was carried out with eight boys through purposeful sampling. After informed consent and assent, eight semi-structured and in-depth interviews were carried out, as well as three projective drawings with their narration. Narrative and iconographic analysis and methodological triangulation were carried out through ATLAS.ti. Results: smoking reaffirms masculinity among male peers through: homo-socialization spaces that allow acceptance in the group, labels such as "joto" are avoided for those who do not smoke and the "honor of being man", of being recognized is preserved. Conclusion: the study demonstrates that smoking in adolescent men shapes their masculinity, "being a male" challenges what is established, it is a vehicle for homo-socialization and it is related to risk.

O consumo de tabaco na adolescência é cada vez maior, em particular em povoação masculina. Objetivo: analisar a configuração da masculinidade em homens adolescentes heterossexuais fumadores de ensino básico e médio de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Materiais e métodos: desde a perspectiva teórica das masculinidades se realizou um estudo de caso qualitativo com oito homens. A través de amostra propositiva e a conveniencia. Prévio consentimento e assentimento informado se realizaram oito entrevistas semiestruturadas e a profundidade, assim como três desenhos projetivos com suas narrações. Realizou-se análise narrativo e iconográfico e triangulação metodológica a través de ATLAS. ti. Resultados: o fumar reafirma a masculinidade entre pares homens a través de: espaços de homo socialização que permitem aceitação no grupo, se evitam apelidos como "joto" para quem não fuma e se preserva o "honor de ser homem "ser reconhecido. Conclusão: o estudo demostrou que o fumar nos homens adolescentes configura sua masculinidade, o "ser homem "reta o estabelecido, é veículo de homo socialização e se relaciona com o risco.

Effect of Heterotheca inuloides essential oil on rat cytoskeleton articular chondrocytes.

Osteoarthritis is characterised by progressive loss of articular cartilage through the increase of catabolic metalloproteinases, and chondrocyte cytoskeleton disruption has also been reported. In this regard, we studied the effect of Heterotheca inuloides essential oil (HIEO) on the distribution and immunolocalisation of actin, vimentin and tubulin of chondrocytes from cultured rat articular cartilage explants in the presence of the cytoskeleton disassembly agent acrylamide. After 48 h, chondrocytes treated with acrylamide showed changes in actin immunolocalisation and shrinkage, loss of tubulin compartmentalisation and vimentin collapse and redistribution. However, the immunostaining pattern of these three proteins in acrylamide- and HIEO-treated chondrocytes simultaneously retained their typical characteristics. These results suggest that HIEO promotes protein cytoskeleton reorganisation without providing a preventive effect of acrylamide-associated disassembly. However, it is also possible that HIEO prevents vimentin disorganisation by chemical interaction with acrylamide.

Dimensión interaccional de las configuraciones familiares en adolescentes fumadores / Interactional dimension of family configuration on adolescent smokers

Objetivo: Analizar la dimensión interaccional de la configuración familiar en adolescentes fumadores. Método: Diseño cualitativo de tipo interpretativo mediante estudio de caso. Incluyó a 28 adolescentes fumadores de laPreparatoria No. 5 de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco México. A todos se les realizó una entrevista semiestructurada, mediante análisis narrativo. Resultados: Se identificó una configuración interaccional caracterizada por padres que no se involucran en los hechos relevantes de la vida de los adolescentes fuera del hogar, la presencia de secreto familiar para encubrir el tabaquismo adolescente, patrones familiares contradictorios: de lo prohibitivo a lo permisivo sobre el uso de tabaco. Los padres varones ofrecieron a sus hijos del mismo sexo estrategias para fumar sin ser descubiertos; persistió la desconfianza parental expresada en largos interrogatorios ante la solicitud de un permiso. Conclusión: Las configuraciones familiares de los adolescentes con tabaquismo actual mostraron disfuncionalidad en la dimensión interaccional que los hace altamente susceptibles al tabaquismo. La interacción en torno al secreto familiar,el enojo y consejos superficiales sin mayor indagación, juegan un papel importante en la conducta tabáquica de los adolescentes, por cuanto se convierten en unpatrón de intercambio que permite un manejo velado de esta adicción(AU)

Objective: To analyze the interactional dimension of family configuration in adolescent smokers. Method: A qualitative interpretative design-based research through case study included 28 adolescent smokers from the pre-university school No. 5 of University of Guadalajara in Jalisco, Mexico. A semi-structured interview was administered to all of them through a narration analysis. Results: Interactional configuration characterized by parents not involved in the relevant facts of adolescents' lives outside the home, the presence of family secret to cover up adolescent smoking and contradictory family patterns ranging from prohibition to authorization of smoking was identified. Fathers provided their male children with some strategies for smoking without being discovered; parental distrust persisted in the form of lengthy interrogations when they ask for permission to smoke. Conclusion: The family configurations of smoking adolescents at present show impaired functionality in the interactional dimension, which makes them highly exposed to smoking. The interaction of family secrecy, anger and slight advising with no further inquiry plays a fundamental role in the smoking behavior of adolescents; since they become a sort of pattern of exchange that allows the veiled management of this addiction(AU)

Caracterizacion histopatologica y bacteriologica de las membranas periprotesicas de cadera

Criterios de Morawietz

Structural dimension: family composition of adolescent smoking in public school of guadalajara, mexico

This study was performed in a high school on a metropolitan area of Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. Objective: To analyze the structural patterns of the families of adolescent smokers in a public high school of Universidad de Guadalajara. Method: A qualitative study with 28 adolescent smokers. Family relationships, rules, boundaries, hierarchy, and movements and reactions of parents and its relation to smoking were evaluated by semi structured interviews. A narrative analysis of the transcribed interviews was conducted. Results: The relationship between parents and teenagers were characterized by poor emotional connection, the existence of alliances and coalitions to keep secret smoking. The existence of family rule prohibiting smoking, and the coexistence of little clarity about the consequences for their violation, the presence of a father/mother/ brother smoking tobacco accomplice to keep secret and inefficient movements and reactions of parents against their smoking teens. Conclusions: The patterns familiar adolescent smokers included structural dysfunctions in vital areas of operation: low connection family relationships, alliances and coalitions to keep secret smoking, smoking and porous borders with ineffective monitoring movements to smoking. This configuration provides a high permittivity for installation of addiction.

Este estudo foi realizado em uma escola secundária na área metropolitana de Guadalajara Jalisco, México. Para analisar a configuração estrutural das famílias dos adolescentes fumantes de uma Universidade Preparatória de Guadalajara. Método: Um projeto qualitativa que incluiu 28 adolescentes com o tabagismo. Família relacionamentos, regras, limites, hierarquia, reações e medidas de controle dos pais: configuração estrutural de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e da família de sua relação com o tabagismo foi explorado. A análise de narrativas das entrevistas transcritas foram realizados. Resultados: A relação entre pais e filhos foram caracterizadas pela ligação emocional pobres, a existência de alianças e coalizões para manter segredo de fumar. A existência de regra da família contra o tabagismo e coexistência de pouca clareza sobre as consequências para a sua violação, a presença de um cúmplice do pai / mãe / irmão fumar de fumar para manter e reações e movimentos ineficientes dos pais contra o tabagismo secretos. Conclusões: configuração familiar fumantes adolescentes incluídos disfunções estruturais em áreas vitais de operação: relações familiares baixa conexão, alianças e coalizões para manter segredo de fumar, as fronteiras porosas com fumantes e movimentos ineficazes de controle do tabagismo. Esta configuração proporciona uma permissividade alta para a instalação da dependência.

Desarrollo social y salud pública. Reflexiones en torno a la interculturalidad / Social Development and Public Health. Thoughts on interculturality / Desenvolvimento Social e Saúde Pública. Reflexiones ao redor da Intercultura

RESUMEN El artículo es una reflexión crítica sobre la idea de lo cultural en el discurso de la salud pública. Haciendo uso de algunas herramientas teóricas propuestas por Arturo Escobar desde la antropología, se explora la tensión que existe en el campo de la salud entre medicina tradicional y medicina moderna. A partir de una revisión corta de experiencias se propone pensar en sistemas híbridos para la salud pública que integren de manera activa las perspectivas locales en la construcción del conocimiento y de los servicios en salud.

ABSTRACT This paper is a critical reflection on the idea of culture in the discourse of public health. Using some theoretical tools proposed by Arturo Escobar from the standpoint of anthropology, we explore the existing tension between traditional medicine and modern medicine in the field of health. In addition, and based on a short review of experiences, we suggest thinking on hybrid systems for public health that actively integrate local perspectives into the construction of knowledge and health care services.

RESUMO O artículo é uma reflexão crítica sobre a idéia do cultural no discurso da saúde pública. Fazendo uso de algumas ferramentas teóricas propostas por Arturo Escobar desde a antropologia, se explora a tensão que existe no campo da saúde entre medicina tradicional e medicina moderna. A partir duma revisão corta de experiências se propõe pensar em sistemas híbridos para a saúde pública que integrem de maneira ativa as perspectivas locais na construção do conhecimento e do serviço em saúde.

Prostitución masculina: una revisión narrativa

Introducción: Describir la producción empírica y conceptual en torno a la prostitución masculina. Método: Revisión narrativa que incluyo 84 documentos entre libros, artículos empíricos y capítulos de libros sobre prostitución masculina. La búsqueda no se limitó por fecha, se hizo en idioma español e inglés. Se desarrolló un procedimiento en seis etapas: a) formulación de la pregunta, b) búsqueda bibliográfica, c) identificación de los estudios, d) sistematización de datos, e) elección del artículo y análisis primario, f) evaluación y análisis final de los artículos. No se excluyeron estudios por la calidad de su metodología. Resultados: 84 documentos: 24 libros conceptuales y resultado de investigación, 9 capítulos de libro, derivación de trabajos empíricos, 5 documentos técnicos, 2 tesis doctorales y 44 artículos empíricos y de reflexión. Se encontró diversidad de aspectos conceptuales, etiquetas y resultados investigativos sobre la prostitución masculina. Conclusiones: La evidencia empírica y conceptual devela el debate en torno a la designación de términos, prostitución masculina, trabajo sexual masculino y sexo-servicio, así como la gran diversidad de etiquetas según el lugar donde se desarrolla y las prácticas sexuales que asuman los hombres que ejercen la prostitución.

Introduction: Describe the empirical and conceptual production around male prostitution. Method: A narrative review that included 84 documents, including books, empirical articles and book chapters on male prostitution. The search was not limited by date, he was done in Spanish and English, a procedure was developed in six stages: a) formulation of the question b) literature search, c) identification of studies, d) systematize data, e) Article election and primary analysis, f) evaluation and final analysis of the items. Studies were not excluded for the quality of its methodology. Results: 84 documents. 24 books and conceptual research result, 9 book chapters result of empirical studies, five technical papers, two doctoral thesis and 44 items empirical and reflection. Finding conceptual, tags and research findings on male prostitution. Conclusions: The conceptual and empirical evidence reveals the debate on the appointment of terms, male prostitutes, male sex work and sex-service as well as the wide variety of labels based on where it develops and sexual practices that take men prostitutes.

Introdução: Descrever a produção empírico e conceitual em torno de prostituição masculina. Método: Revisão narrativa que incluía 84 documentos, incluindo livros, artigos empíricos e capítulos de livros sobre prostituição masculina. A pesquisa não foi limitada por data, ele foi feito em Espanhol e Inglês, um procedimento foi desenvolvido em seis fases: a) formulação da pesquisa bibliográfica questão b), c) identificação de estudos, d) sistematizar dados, e) Artigo eleição e análise primária, f) avaliação e análise final dos itens. Não há estudos foram excluídos pela qualidade da sua metodologia. Resultados: 84 documentos. 24 livros e conceituais investigação resultado nove capítulos de livros resultam de estudos empíricos, cinco trabalhos técnicos, dois tese de doutorado e 44 itens empírica e reflexão. Encontrar conceituais, tags e resultados de pesquisa sobre prostituição masculina. Conclusões: As evidências conceituais e empíricas revela o debate sobre a nomeação de termos, prostitutas do sexo masculino, o trabalho do sexo masculino e do sexo de serviço, bem como a grande variedade de rótulos com base em onde se desenvolve e práticas sexuais que levam os homens prostitutas.