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INTRODUCTION: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) affects most patients with chronic shoulder pain. Dry needling (DN) is a common treatment for MPS, but its temporal pattern and sensory effects remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated in a randomized, sham-controlled study the pattern of analgesic efficacy and local sensory changes of a single session of DN for MPS in patients with chronic shoulder pain. METHODS: Patients with chronic shoulder pain were randomized into active (n = 20) or sham (n = 21) groups. A single DN was performed by a researcher blinded to group assignment and pain outcomes. Pain intensity was assessed by the numeric rating score, and sensory thresholds were evaluated with a quantitative sensory testing protocol, including the area of tactile sensory abnormalities 7 days before needling, right before, and 7 days after the intervention. RESULTS: Dry needling led to significant larger pain intensity reduction (from 6.30 ± 2.05 to 2.40 ± 2.45 in the active group; P = 0.02, effect size = -1.3 (95% CI [-2.0 to -0.68]); (number necessary to treat = 2.1). Pain reduction scores were significantly different on the second day after needling and persisted so until the seventh day and were accompanied by improvement in other dimensions of pain and a decrease in the area of mechanical hyperalgesia in the active DN group alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Active trigger points DN provided analgesic effects compared with sham and decreased the area of local mechanical hyperalgesia. These findings have practical clinical implications and may provide mechanistic insights behind MPS.
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Neurologic disorders such as stroke and cerebral palsy are leading causes of long-term disability and can lead to severe incapacity and restriction of daily activities due to lower and upper limb impairments. Intensive physical and occupational therapy are still considered main treatments, but new adjunct therapies to standard rehabilitation that may optimize functional outcomes are being studied. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that polarizes underlying brain regions through the application of weak direct currents through electrodes on the scalp, modulating cortical excitability. Increased interest in this technique can be attributed to its low cost, ease of use, and effects on human neural plasticity. Recent research has been performed to determine the clinical potential of tDCS in diverse conditions such as depression, Parkinson's disease, and motor rehabilitation after stroke. tDCS helps enhance brain plasticity and seems to be a promising technique in rehabilitation programs. A number of robotic devices have been developed to assist in the rehabilitation of upper limb function after stroke. The rehabilitation of motor deficits is often a long process requiring multidisciplinary approaches for a patient to achieve maximum independence. These devices do not intend to replace manual rehabilitation therapy; instead, they were designed as an additional tool to rehabilitation programs, allowing immediate perception of results and tracking of improvements, thus helping patients to stay motivated. Both tDSC and robot-assisted therapy are promising add-ons to stroke rehabilitation and target the modulation of brain plasticity, with several reports describing their use to be associated with conventional therapy and the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. However, more recently, some small clinical trials have been developed that describe the associated use of tDCS and robot-assisted therapy in stroke rehabilitation. In this article, we describe the combined methods used in our institute for improving motor performance after stroke.
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Robótica , Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Estimulación Transcraneal de Corriente Directa/métodos , Extremidad Superior , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Plasticidad Neuronal , Recuperación de la FunciónAsunto(s)
Terapia por Acupuntura , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Dolor , Complicaciones del Embarazo/terapiaRESUMEN
A síndrome do estresse tibial medial é uma lesão comum devido a sobrecarga mecânica, principalmente em atletas, devido a inflamação local e estresse ósseo. A terapia de ondas de choque (TOC) vem sendo utilizada como tratamento para esta patologia por seus efeitos analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da TOC no tratamento analgésico da síndrome do estresse tibial medial e medidas de funcionalidade. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, sendo incluídos estudos clínicos em humanos. Resultados: 3 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, incluindo 166 pacientes. Os trabalhos trouxeram uma ampla variedade de intervenções, tipos de aparelhos, frequência e energia utilizada, além de diferenças nas quantidades de sessões e tipos de ondas de choque utilizado no tratamento. Conclusão: Ainda não há evidências consistentes quanto ao uso da TOC no tratamento conservador da síndrome do estresse tibial medial, com estudos pequenos, de qualidade metodológica baixa. Os estudos inclusos no trabalho não relataram efeitos colaterais significativos
Medial tibial stress syndrome is a common injury due to mechanical overload, especially in athletes due to local inflammation and bone stress. Shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been used as a treatment for this pathology due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ESWT in the analgesic treatment of medial tibial stress syndrome and measures of functionality. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted, with clinical studies in humans included. Results: 3 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 166 patients. The trials involved a wide variety of interventions, types of devices, frequency and energy used, as well as differences in the number of sessions and types of shock waves used in treatment. Conclusion: There is still no consistent evidence regarding the use of ESWT in the conservative treatment of medial tibial stress syndrome, with small studies of low methodological quality. Studies included in this review did not report significant side effects
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Humanos , Ondas de Choque de Alta Energía/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Estrés Medial de la Tibia/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A terapia de ondas de choque (TOC) extracorpórea possui ação analgésica e anti-inflamatória. Com a evolução e compreensão de seus mecanismos físicos e biológicos, foi se estudando a sua aplicação em outras patologias, principalmente em afecções ósseas e musculo-tendíneas. Recentemente, estudos em modelos animais demonstraram a sua capacidade angiogênica e maior taxa de re-epitelização local. Estas pesquisas levaram ao início do uso de TOC radial de baixa energia no tratamento e manejo de diversas lesões de pele de difícil tratamento. As úlceras cutâneas possuem diversas etiologias, variando desde úlceras de pressão, queimaduras, úlceras venosas ou arteriais e também úlceras diabéticas. Seu tratamento é um desafio, devido ao seu tempo prolongado de tratamento (resultando em dificuldades quanto ao seguimento clínico) e também elevados custos. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da TOC na cicatrização de úlceras de diversas etiologias: diabéticas, por pressão, queimaduras, pós-traumáticas, vasculares venosas e arteriais, por meio de uma revisão da literatura. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, sendo incluídos estudos clínicos em humanos Resultados: 9 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os estudos inclusos compreenderam 788 pacientes. Os manuscritos trouxeram uma variedade de padrão de intervenções diferentes. Houve heterogeneidade no tempo de intervenção, número de pulsos e na frequência de sessões, bem como na quantidade de sessões, densidade de energia aplicada, e também no tipo de ondas de choque utilizados nas terapias. Alguns dos trabalhos descritos encontraram uma maior taxa na cicatrização e fechamento completo de lesões em pacientes com lesões crônicas, que não responderam ao tratamento conservador. Porém, há poucos estudos na literatura com qualidade metodológica adequada. Conclusão: A TOC surge como uma alternativa promissora para pacientes que não respondem bem à terapia conservadora. Os resultados são promissores porém com evidências limitadas quanto a diminuição do tempo de cicatrização e na aceleração do fechamento de lesões. Os estudos selecionados não relataram efeitos colaterais significativos, sendo uma terapia segura
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. With the evolution and comprehension of its biological and physical mechanisms, the application of ESWT on other pathologies has also been studied, especially in musculoskeletal diseases. Recently, studies on animal models have shown its angiogenic capacity and a higher rate of local re-epithelization. These small studies led to few trials using low-energy, radial ESWT to treat problematic chronic skin ulcers. Skin ulcers have diverse etiologies, ranging from pressure ulcers, burns, venous or arterial ulcers, and even diabetic ulcers. Their treatment is usually a challenge, due to the long-term treatment and high costs. Objective: To review the literature and evaluate the efficacy of ESWT in caring for skin ulcers of various etiologies: diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, burns, post-traumatic ulcers, venous and arterial ulcers. Method: A literature review was made, with only human trials included. Results: 9 articles were selected that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The studies included evaluations of 788 patients. The manuscripts demonstrated a large variability regarding the interventions made. There was heterogeneity regarding intervention time, number of pulses, frequency of sessions, and also the number of sessions, energy density used, and the type of shock wave used in therapies. Some of the included trials found a higher rate of complete wound healing and faster epithelization in patients with chronic lesions, unresponsive to the traditional measures. However, there were few studies in the literature with proper methodological quality. Conclusion: ESWT is a promising alternative for the treatment of patients unresponsive to conventional measures. The results are promising, although the evidence regarding wound healing and acceleration of wound healing is still limited. The studies selected did not report any significant side effects