Spirometric measurements in healthy Sierra Leoneans.

Pulmonary Function Tests(PFTS) are useful in the diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders. They provide an objective and quantitative measure of some aspects of brocho-pulmonary function. For meaningful interpretation of PFTs, an individual's own previous baseline results compared with current results are preferred, but in the absence of such baseline values, standard normograms may be used. Since lung function values are influenced by genetic, environmental, nutritional, and several other factors, it is important for every laboratory to use normograms that reflect these important factors. The results presented here are the first baseline data on pulmonary function (VC, FVC, FEV1, and FEV%) in a wide cross-section of healthy Sierra Leoneans.

Increased Soil Salinity Causes Elevated Cadmium Concentrations in Field-Grown Potato Tubers.

Elevated Cd concentrations have been observed in potato (Solatium tuberosum L.) tubers from commercial crops in certain regions of southern Australia. Reasons for enhanced Cd uptake by tubers were investigated by a survey of commercial crops and associated soils. Eighty-nine sites were selected and paired tuber and soil samples taken. Concentration of Cd in tubers was compared to potato variety, tuber elemental composition, and chemical-physical characteristics of topsoil (0-150) and subsoil (150-300 mm). Tuber Cd concentrations were positively related to soil electrical conductivity (EC) and extractable Cl (R2 = 0.62, P < 0.001) in the topsoil, with extractable Cl accounting for more variation than EC. Tuber Cd concentrations were not strongly related (R2 = 0.23, P < 0.05) to potato variety alone. However, inclusion of variety and EDTA-extractable Zn with water-extractable Cl in a multivariate model resulted in a small but significant improvement in the variance accounted for by the model (R2 =0.73, P < 0.001). Tuber Cd was unrelated to tuber concentrations of P or S, but was positively related to concentrations of major cations in the tuber, particularly Na. Soil pH, total C, EDTA-extractable Cd, or particle-size distribution were not correlated to tuber Cd concentrations, either singly or after inclusion in a multivariate model with soil Cl concentrations. As Cl is known to mobilize soil Cd and increase its phytoavailability, elevated Cd concentrations in potato tubers in southern Australia appear to be largely a result of the use of saline irrigation waters.