Toxicity of Beauty Salon Effluents Contaminated with Hair Dye on Aquatic Organisms.

Cosmetic residues have been found in water resources, especially trace elements of precursors, couplers, and pigments of hair dyes, which are indiscriminately disposed of in the sewage system. These contaminants are persistent, bioactive, and bioaccumulative, and may pose risks to living beings. Thus, the present study assessed the ecotoxicity of two types of effluents generated in beauty salons after the hair dyeing process. The toxicity of effluent derived from capillary washing with water, shampoo, and conditioner (complete effluent-CE) and effluent not associated with these products (dye effluent-DE) was evaluated by tests carried out with the aquatic organisms Artemia salina, Daphnia similis, and Danio rerio. The bioindicators were exposed to pure samples and different dilutions of both effluents. The results showed toxicity in D. similis (CE50 of 3.43% and 0.54% for CE and DE, respectively); A. salina (LC50 8.327% and 3.874% for CE and DE, respectively); and D. rerio (LC50 of 4.25-4.59% and 7.33-8.18% for CE and DE, respectively). Given these results, we can infer that hair dyes, even at low concentrations, have a high toxic potential for aquatic biota, as they induced deleterious effects in all tested bioindicators.

A Systematic Review of Momentary Assessment Designs for Mood and Anxiety Symptoms.

Background: Altering components of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measures to better suit the purposes of individual studies is a common and oftentimes necessary step. Though the inherent flexibility in EMA has its benefits, no resource exists to provide an overview of the variability in how convergent constructs and symptoms have been assessed in the past. The present study fills that gap by examining EMA measurement design for mood and anxiety symptomatology. Methods: Various search engines were used to identify 234 relevant studies. Items administered, data collection schedules (i.e., beeps per day), response scales (i.e., Likert), data collection platforms (i.e., apps), and psychometric properties (i.e., reliability) were extracted. Results: Study designs varied greatly in all aspects across the identified papers. Over 4,600 extracted items were qualitatively analyzed, resulting in the identification of 12 themes. The most EMA items focused on affect, with categories such as "happiness" and "tension" appearing most frequently. We provide all of our data extraction in the format of an open-source database. Limitations: Despite our best attempts to include as much of the relevant literature as possible, this review and the accompanying database are not exhaustive, but can easily be built upon to include other, newer studies. Conclusions: The fact that the affect theme featured both positive and negative emotional constructs highlights the dichotomous focus on valence and affect within the literature surrounding anxious and depressive symptomatology. We hope that our database will act as a helpful design decision-making resource for researchers studying this kind of symptomatology in the future. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42019139409).

A case report of newborn infant with severe COVID-19 in Mexico: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk and stool.

Although COVID-19 in pregnant women and their neonates has been demonstrated, there is not enough evidence about how this vertical transmission occurs. This report describes a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 21-year-old mother-daughter duo at the time of birth, focusing on the viral RNA detection in the stool of both and the human breast milk.

Comparative study of the direct black removal by Fe, Cu, and Fe/Cu nanoparticles.

In this study, direct black dye removal was investigated using iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs), copper (Cu NPs), and Fe/Cu (Fe/Cu NPs). NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Using a dose of 0.25 g L-1 of Fe, Cu, and Fe/Cu NPs, a degradation efficiency of 13, 26, and 43% respectively was obtained. For the 1.00 g L-1 dose, the efficiency increased to 100, 43, and 100%, respectively. Studies in anoxic and oxic conditions presented degradation rates, respectively, of 100 and 30% for Fe NPs, 90 and 50% for Fe/Cu NPs, and 40% in both reactions for Cu NPs, indicating that the mechanism of dye degradation by NPs is predominantly reducing under the conditions studied. The addition of EDTA decreased the dye removal rate for Fe, Cu, and Fe/Cu NPs at 27, 10, and 35%, respectively. In addition to the degradation, the adsorption phenomena of the by-products formed during the reaction were confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and verified by the desorption tests. Fe and Fe/Cu NPs showed the highest efficiency in direct black dye reductive degradation and adsorption of by-products, removing 100% of the dye at a dose of 1 g L-1 within 10 min of reaction. Graphical abstracts ᅟ.

Use of a calf prosthesis and tissue expansion in aesthetic reconstruction of the leg.

We present a technique for reconstruction of the legs in patients with soft-tissue loss and formation of large scars with retraction of this tissue in the pretibial region. In such patients, a subcutaneous tissue expander is placed in the region adjacent to the scar tissue. With expansion, we obtained sufficient skin for use in the reconstruction, and the resulting asymmetry in leg diameter was compensated for by means of one or two calf prostheses, depending on the patient.

The use of latissimus dorsi muscle flap in reconstructive heart surgery.

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty is a technique for ventricular assistance indicated for the correction of left ventricle aneurysm and for cardiomyopathies in which heart transplantation is contraindicated. In this article, our first four patients to undergo cardiomyoplasty (from February 1991 until April 1992) with a left latissimus dorsi island flap, rotated into the thorax after a 3-week training period, are reviewed. Therapeutic indications were cardiomyopathy with contraindication for heart transplant in patients 1 and 4 and associated to surgery for left ventricle aneurysm for patients 2 and 3. Patient 1 died 4 months after surgery because of a cerebral embolism when he was at functional class II. The other three patients remain at functional class I, carrying out normal activities. All the data were evaluated with the paired t test. Ejection fraction values (obtained through echocardiography and scintigraphy studies) and maximum minute flow rate of blood (measured with an echo-Doppler) have increased significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively) after heart surgery. Clinical improvement has been found after cardiomyoplasty, which correlates with an increase in ejection fraction and maximum minute flow rate of blood.

Primary amyloidosis presenting as extensor tenosynovitis.

Primary amyloidosis is a systemic disease. Amyloid arthropathy is an invalidating and uncommon form of presentation, but tenosynovitis is even rarer as the first sign of the disease. We report herein a case of unilateral amyloid deposit in the synovium of the extensor tendons of the hand, which was the first manifestation of a primary amyloidosis.

Is the reversed fourth dorsal metacarpal flap reliable?

We have carried out a study to determine if a flap based on vessels in the fourth metacarpal space could be used safely. We studied ten fresh cadaver specimens and used the flap in nine patients. In the anatomical study, we confirmed the presence of a suitable artery in nine out of the ten hands, arising from a piercing artery at the metacarpal bases, running distally under the fascia. The pivot point is located at the metacarpal heads, where the artery anastomoses to palmar branches and dorsal digital branches. In the clinical setting, the flap was reliable in eight patients. There was one case of flap necrosis. The flap seems to be reliable but several technical points are stressed to avoid complications.

Relationship between flow and incidence of thrombosis in polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts in free microvascular flaps in lambs.

We have done an experimental study in lambs in which we investigated the influence of flow rate on free microvascular flaps using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts. We set up five surgical groups in which blood flow was progressively increased through the PTFE vascular graft. In group I (venous autograft) we observed just one vascular thrombosis which was located at the site of the anastomosis. In group II (PTFE 3 x 10 mm) all the microvascular flaps became necrosed after the third postoperative day. In group III (PTFE 3 x 10 mm) necrosis also developed in all cases, but the anastomoses remained permeable no longer than eight days. In group IV (3 x 15 mm) the permeability in the microvascular free flaps was about 40% after 21 days, and in group V (3 x 10 mm) it reached 70%. To match graft flow rates with flap survival we did a regression analysis of flow rates for groups II, III, and V and the corresponding survival periods for the flaps. There was a clear and highly significant relationship (r = 0.717, p = 0.0001). In conclusion, it is necessary to maintain blood flow through the prosthesis at a rate higher than the thrombogenic threshold. When the flow rate in the vessels through the PTFE grafts was higher, the viability of the flaps was better. The ideal surgical technique should always be based on an arteriovenous fistula distal to the PTFE vascular graft. It is necessary to maintain blood flow through a prosthesis at a rate higher than the thrombogenic threshold.

[Surgical treatment of eyelid tumors]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores de párpado.

Our surgical protocol for reconstruction of eyelid's defects after tumor excision is presented. Each technique is applied depending on the site and extension of the lesion and also on the pathologic characteristics of the tumor.

Reconstrucción mamaria mediante lipoinfiltrado enriquecido con PRP / Use of lipofilling enriched with PRP In breast reconstruction

Presentamos una serie de pacientes con mastectomía a las que hemos realizado reconstrucción mamaria con infiltraciones de grasa (lipoinfiltrado) enriquecida con plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) como único procedimiento, o como paso previo a la colocación de un implante mamario. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una alternativa a la reconstrucción mamaria con colgajos libres o pediculados en mamas sometidas a radioterapia; también, una revisión detallada de los pasos a seguir para la realización de este procedimiento, que van desde la extracción de sangre para la posterior obtención del PRP, hasta la técnica de infiltración de grasa enriquecida con dichos factores en la mama intervenida. Con esta técnica de enriquecimiento de la grasa hemos logrado mejores resultados y mayor permanencia de los injertos grasos. Evaluando los postoperatorios de las pacientes sometidas a este procedimiento, hemos observado que se necesitan de 2 a 3 tiempos de lipoinfiltrado para obtener buena cobertura y mejoría de la calidad de piel como paso previo a la colocación del implante en este tipo de pacientes (AU)

We present a series of patients submitted to reconstruction with fat infiltration (lipofilling) enriched with platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a single procedure or as a precursor to breast implant. The aim of this paper is to present an alternative to breast reconstruction with pedicled or free flaps in breast undergoing radiotherapy; also, a detailed review of the steps to perform this procedure, ranging from drawing blood for later obtaining PRP, to lipofilling technique enriched with these factors in the operated breast. With this enrichment technique we have better and more permanent results. Assessing postoperative patients undergoing this procedure, we have observed that it takes 2-3 lipofilling times to get good coverage and improvement in skin quality as a precursor to implant placement (AU)

The vascularized fibula graft in mandibular reconstruction.

The use of a vascularized graft from the fibula for mandibular reconstruction is presented. The great strength, pliability, and long vascular pedicle that characterize such grafts make them particularly suitable for this type of repair. The results in six cases were highly satisfactory. Masticatory function was well restored, without alteration of the facial contour, and with minimal sequelae at the donor site.

Surgical technique for reconstruction of the nasal septum: the pericranial flap.

BACKGROUND: We describe a new technique for the surgical reconstruction of large-sized anterior septal perforations based on the pericranial flap. METHODS: The technique requires a standard open rhinoplasty combined with a pericranial flap harvested after a bicoronal approach and tunnelled to the nasal cavity. We present the case of a man with complete destruction of the nasal septum as a result of chronic cocaine abuse. RESULTS: Surgery resulted in a permanent and complete closure of the perforation. CONCLUSIONS: The main advantage of this technique is the use of well-vascularized autogenous tissue and the minimal donor site morbidity. This technique provides a new method to close large nasal perforations.