The prevalence of excessive sleepiness is higher in shift workers than in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common feature among shift workers as well as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. There are several important accidents related to sleep disturbances causing EDS. The aim of this study was to evaluate EDS in a group of shift workers (regular rotating) from civil aviation and to compare them with OSA patients (n = 300) and with a group of regular workers (RW) (n = 140). Our sample was composed of 730 working-age individuals (aged 18-67 years). The regular rotating shift workers (SW) sample was composed of 290 aeronautical mechanics. EDS was evaluated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and defined as a score ≥ 11. The prevalence value obtained for the EDS of RW was 37.1%, for SW it was 60.7% and for OSA patients it was 40.7%. A logistic regression model for EDS in a subsample composed of men and matched for age and BMI, controlling for self-reported sleep duration, showed an increased risk of EDS for SW (OR = 3.91, p = .001), with the RW group as reference. OSA patients did not differ from RW on EDS levels. This study emphasizes the presence of EDS in a shift work group of civil aviation professionals, which exceeded the EDS level of a positive control group of OSA patients. Sleep hygiene education for companies' workers and management is important and mitigation strategies should be implemented to reduce excessive sleepiness among workers.

Timing and Composition of Last Meal before Bedtime Affect Sleep Parameters of Night Workers.

Night workers tend to eat irregularly, both in terms of meal times and composition. The disruption in energy metabolism caused by inappropriate eating habits can negatively affect the sleep quality of these individuals. The objectives of this study were to determine the interval between the last meal and bedtime and its relationship with both diurnal and nocturnal sleep parameters, as well as to evaluate the association of the adequacy of this meal with sleep parameters. The analyses were carried out for a usual sleep routine on a workday and a day off. This cross-sectional study was part of a controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. The sample comprised 30 female nursing professionals who worked permanent night shifts of 12 × 36 h. Timing and composition of the last meal were obtained from food diaries, and sleep parameters were collected via actigraphy. On multiple linear regression analysis, every hour decrease in the interval between the last meal and sleep onset there was an increase of 0.39 h on diurnal sleep duration. Regarding food intake, every 1 g of fat and 1 g of carbohydrate consumed was associated with an increase in diurnal sleep onset latency of 0.13 h and 0.02 h, respectively. These findings suggest that both timing and composition of the last meal before bedtime may be potential key factors for good diurnal and nocturnal sleep among night-shift workers.

Eating habits, sleep, and a proxy for circadian disruption are correlated with dyslipidemia in overweight night workers.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between proxy for circadian disruption, eating habits, sleep characteristics, and dyslipidemic parameters. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover controlled clinical trial, and for this study, only baseline data were used. The sample was composed of 36 overweight female nurses who worked on a fixed night shift (12 × 36 h). Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the mentioned variables. RESULTS: The participants' average age was 39.4 y (Standard error (SE) 1 y) and the average nighttime sleep duration was 5.76 h (SE 0.16 h). The average chronotype indicated a moderate early type (03:03 h; SE 20 min) and the average social jetlag was 03:42 h (SE 10 min). It was found that 1 h less of nighttime sleep increased very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 2.75 mg/dL and triacylglyceride levels by 3.62 mg/dL. Additionally, higher social jetlag was associated with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. On the other hand, each additional hour in the chronotype increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 3.06 mg/dL and a time interval >2 h between the last meal and sleep onset was associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: Short duration of nighttime sleep and high social jetlag are risk factors for dyslipidemia, whereas the late type and the longer time interval between the last meal and sleep onset appear to be protective factors for dyslipidemia.

Aspects of work and sleep associated with work ability in regular aviation pilots.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the association of work organization and sleep aspects with work ability in regular aviation pilots. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,234 regular aviation pilots who worked domestic and international flights, affiliated with the Brazilian Association of Civil Aviation Pilots. Data collection employed online questionnaire. We compared proportions using Pearson's Chi-squared or Fisher's exact hypothesis tests. Then, we conducted Poisson analysis, with robust variance, to test factors associated with moderate or low work ability. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate or low work ability was 43.3%. We found that self-perception of insufficient sleep (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.06-1.57), increased perception for fatigue (PR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.24-1.84), more than 65 flight hours per month (PR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.01-1.46), less than 10 days of time off per month (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.04-1.55), and frequent operational delays (PR = 1.23; 95%CI 1.02-1.48) were factors associated with moderate or low work ability. CONCLUSIONS: Work organization was a determining factor for decreased work ability, especially concerning aspects related to rest and its influence on the sleep of pilots.

Aspects of work organization and reduced sleep quality of airline pilots.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and association of work organization associated with poor sleep quality among airline pilots. METHODS: 1234 airline pilots filled out an online questionnaire. Independent variables included demographic data, work organization aspects, health, and sleep information. A question derived from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire was used to obtain subjective sleep quality. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 48.2%. Poor sleep quality was associated with high frequency of technical delays, ≥ 5 consecutive night shifts, moderate and great need for recovery after work, difficulty commuting to work, being insufficiently physically active and sleeping 6-8 hours and < 6 hours on days off. CONCLUSION: Pilots' daily work schedules, consisting of frequent delays, long working hours and perceived high work demands preventing adequate recovery were associated with poor sleep quality.

Aspects of work and sleep associated with work ability in regular aviation pilots / Aspectos do trabalho e do sono associados à capacidade para o trabalho entre pilotos

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze the association of work organization and sleep aspects with work ability in regular aviation pilots. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,234 regular aviation pilots who worked domestic and international flights, affiliated with the Brazilian Association of Civil Aviation Pilots. Data collection employed online questionnaire. We compared proportions using Pearson's Chi-squared or Fisher's exact hypothesis tests. Then, we conducted Poisson analysis, with robust variance, to test factors associated with moderate or low work ability. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate or low work ability was 43.3%. We found that self-perception of insufficient sleep (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.06-1.57), increased perception for fatigue (PR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.24-1.84), more than 65 flight hours per month (PR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.01-1.46), less than 10 days of time off per month (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.04-1.55), and frequent operational delays (PR = 1.23; 95%CI 1.02-1.48) were factors associated with moderate or low work ability. CONCLUSIONS: Work organization was a determining factor for decreased work ability, especially concerning aspects related to rest and its influence on the sleep of pilots.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação da organização do trabalho e dos aspectos do sono com a capacidade para o trabalho entre pilotos da aviação regular. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, com 1.234 pilotos da aviação regular, que realizavam voos de rotas nacionais e internacionais, afiliados à Associação Brasileira de Pilotos da Aviação Civil. A coleta de dados foi feita através de questionário on-line. Para comparação entre as proporções foram realizados os testes de hipóteses qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher. Posteriormente, foi efetuada a análise de Poisson, com variância robusta, para testar os fatores associados à capacidade moderada ou baixa para o trabalho. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de capacidade para o trabalho moderada ou baixa foi de 43,3%. Verificou-se que autopercepção de sono insuficiente (RP = 1,29; IC95% 1,06-1,57), maior percepção para fadiga (RP = 1,51; IC95% 1,24-1,84), jornada de voo maior que 65 horas por mês (RP = 1,22; IC95% 1,01-1,46), menos de 10 dias de folga por mês (RP = 1,27; IC95% 1,04-1,55) e atrasos operacionais frequentes (RP = 1,23; IC95% 1,02-1,48) foram fatores associados à capacidade moderada ou baixa para o trabalho. CONCLUSÕES: A organização do trabalho foi um fator determinante para a diminuição da capacidade para o trabalho, em especial quanto aos aspectos relacionados ao descanso e suas repercussões no sono de pilotos.

Transtornos Mentais Comuns estão associados a maior carga viral em Pessoas Vivendo com HIV / Common Mental Disorders are associated with higher viral load in People Living with HIV

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) e carga viral de Pessoas Vivendo com Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana - HIV (PVHIV) em seguimento clínico. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 307 PVHIV com ≥ 18 anos de idade que estavam em terapia antirretroviral no Serviço de Assistência Especializada do município de Santos (SP) em 2016. A variável dependente de estudo foi a quantificação da carga viral; e a variável independente compreendeu os transtornos mentais comuns, avaliados pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para comparação das médias das variáveis, foram realizados modelos lineares generalizados com nível de significância de 5%. Conclui-se que os TMC estão associados a uma maior carga viral entre PVHIV em seguimento clínico.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the association between Common Mental Disorders (CMD) and viral load in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus - HIV (PLHIV) in clinical follow-up. A cross-sectional study was performed with 307 PLHIV aged ≥ 18 years who were on antiretroviral therapy at the Specialized Care Service of the city of Santos (SP) in 2016. The dependent variable of the study was the quantification of viral load and the independent variable comprised the minor psychic disorders assessed by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). To compare the mean levels of the variables, generalized linear models were performed with significance level of 5%. It is concluded that CMD are associated with a higher viral load among PLHIV in clinical follow-up.