A Novel Ultrafiltrate Extract of Propolis Exerts Anti-inflammatory Activity through Metabolic Rewiring.

Thousands of years ago, humans started to use propolis because of its medicinal properties, and modern science has successfully identified several bioactive molecules within this resinous bee product. However, a natural propolis extract which has been removed the adhesive glue and preserved propolis bioactive compounds is urgently needed to maximise the therapeutic opportunities. In this study, a novel ultrafiltrate fraction from Brazilian green propolis, termed P30K, was demonstrated with anti-inflammatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo. Total flavonoids and total phenolic acids content in P30K were 244.6 mg/g and 275.8 mg/g respectively, while the IC50 value of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was 8.30 µg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity of P30K was furtherly corroborated in experimental models of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute liver and lung injury. Mechanistically, integrated GC-MS and LC-MS based serum metabolomics analysis revealed that P30K modulated citrate cycle (TCA), pyruvate, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways to inhibit secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results of network pharmacology and molecular docking suggested that P30K targeted catechol-O-methyltransferases (COMT), 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD11B1), and monoamine oxidases (MAOA and MAOB) to promote cellular metabolomic rewiring. Collectively, our work reveals P30K as an efficient therapeutic agent against inflammatory conditions and its efficacy is related to metabolic rewiring.

Membrane-Based Preparation Process and Antioxidant and Anti-AGEs Activities of a Novel Propolis Ultrafiltrate.

Propolis is one functional supplement with hundreds of years of usage. However, it's rarely consumed directly for its resinous property. Herein, a pre-treated process which can remove the impurity while preserve its bioactivities is needed to maximise its therapeutic opportunities. In the present study, a membrane-based ultrafiltration process was developed on a KM1812-NF experimental instrument. Using Brazilian green propolis as testing material, all experimental steps and parameters were sequentially optimized. In addition, a mathematical model was developed to fit the process. As a result, the optimum solvent was 60 % ethanol adjusted to pH 8-9, while the optimum MWCO (molecular weight cut-off) value of membrane was 30 KDa. The membrane filtration dynamic model fitted with the function y=(ax+b)/(1+cx+dx2 ). The resulting propolis ultrafiltrate from Brazilian green propolis, termed P30K, contains the similar profile of flavonoids and phenolic acids as raw propolis. Meanwhile, the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value of P30K is 11429.45±1557.58 µM TE/g and the IC50 value of inhibition of fluorescent AGEs (advanced glycation end products) formation is 0.064 mg/mL. Our work provides an innovative alternative process for extraction of active compounds from propolis and reveals P30K as an efficient therapeutic antioxidant.

The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting the gut-bone marrow axis in a microbiome-dependent manner.

The parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 rescues defective levels of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) and suppresses chronic Th1/Th17-driven inflammation to protect against joint destruction in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis. Such autoimmune arthritis is also associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disruption of intestinal barrier integrity. We recently further exploited the CIA model to show that ES-62's prevention of joint destruction is associated with protection of intestinal barrier integrity and normalization of the gut microbiota, thereby suppressing the gut pathology that precedes the onset of autoimmunity and joint damage in CIA-mice. As the status of the gut microbiota impacts on immune responses by influencing haematopoiesis, we have therefore investigated whether ES-62 harnesses the homeostatic mechanisms regulating this gut-bone marrow (BM) axis to resolve the chronic inflammation promoting autoimmunity and joint destruction in CIA. Reflecting this, ES-62 was found to counteract the BM myeloid/lymphoid bias typically associated with chronic inflammation and infection. This was achieved primarily by ES-62 acting to maintain the levels of lymphoid lineages (B220+ and CD3+ cells) observed in naïve, healthy mice but lost from the BM of CIA-mice. Moreover, ES-62's ability to prevent bone-destroying osteoclastogenesis was found to be associated with its suppression of CIA-induced upregulation of osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) in the BM. Critically, and supporting ES-62's targeting of the gut-BM axis, this rewiring of inflammatory haematopoiesis was lost in mice with a depleted microbiome. Underlining the importance of ES-62's actions in restoring steady-state haematopoiesis, the BM levels of B and T lymphoid cells were shown to be inversely correlated, whilst the levels of OCPs positively correlated, with the severity of joint damage in CIA-mice.

Undenatured type II collagen protects against collagen-induced arthritis by restoring gut-joint homeostasis and immunity.

Oral administration of harmless antigens can induce suppression of reactive immune responses, a process that capitalises on the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to tolerate exposure to food and commensal microbiome without triggering inflammatory responses. Repeating exposure to type II collagen induces oral tolerance and inhibits induction of arthritis, a chronic inflammatory joint condition. Although some mechanisms underlying oral tolerance are described, how dysregulation of gut immune networks impacts on inflammation of distant tissues like the joints is unclear. We used undenatured type II collagen in a prophylactic regime -7.33 mg/kg three times/week- to describe the mechanisms associated with protective oral immune-therapy (OIT) in gut and joint during experimental Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA). OIT reduced disease incidence to 50%, with reduced expression of IL-17 and IL-22 in the joints of asymptomatic mice. Moreover, whilst the gut tissue of arthritic mice shows substantial damage and activation of tissue-specific immune networks, oral administration of undenatured type II collagen protects against gut pathology in all mice, symptomatic and asymptomatic, rewiring IL-17/IL-22 networks. Furthermore, gut fucosylation and microbiome composition were also modulated. These results corroborate the relevance of the gut-joint axis in arthritis, showing novel regulatory mechanisms linked to therapeutic OIT in joint disease.

Features and quality metrics datasets for video coding in DASH.

Nowadays, the majority of media Internet traffic consists of H.264-encoded streaming videos due to its high compatibility. One of the most popular streaming technology used to deliver videos over Internet is Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). It transmit the video as a sequence of independent short video segments tailored to the receiver's limitations (related to several factors such as available bandwidth or resolution on reception), aiming to enhance the Quality of Experience. In this paper, we present two types of datasets created from 4065 video segments of 2 seconds. The first type consists of extracting features related to color, space, and time from the segments across different vertical resolutions (240, 360, 480, 720, 1080, 1440 and 4K). The second one includes several quality metrics obtained from the same segments when they are encoded with different compression levels in the different resolutions.

Micro-fenomenología de la subjetividad del psicoterapeuta sistémico / Micro-phenomenology of the subjectivity of the systemic psychotherapist / Micro-fenomenologia da subjetividade do psicoterapeuta sistêmico

La terapia psicológica sistémica acontece en un contexto relacional, donde interactúan las subjetividades de los consultantes y los terapeutas. Las investigaciones tradicionales han focalizado más las características de los consultantes, que la subjetividad del terapeuta. De ahí que hayan privilegiado perspectivas de "tercera persona". Los pocos estudios que indagan la subjetividad del terapeuta recurren a metodologías introspectivas, interpretativas y prescriptivas. ¿Cómo acceder a la subjetividad del terapeuta desde perspectivas distintas a las que ofrecen la observación en "tercera persona" y la introspección en "primera persona"? El propósito del artículo es explorar, mediante el método micro-fenomenológico, cómo se muestra la subjetividad del terapeuta en la primera impresión de un consultante. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas a seis terapeutas. Los resultados evidencian que la emocionalidad en-activa aparece como una invariante de la subjetividad del terapeuta; y que esta invariante opera como una "motivación inteligente", la cual entra "en acción" en el trascurso de la relación intersubjetiva misma y, permanentemente, monitorea y orienta el proceso terapéutico. Los resultados permiten considerar, por un lado, que las investigaciones tradicionales han subvalorado la importancia de la emocionalidad en-activa en el proceso terapéutico; y, por otro, que el mejoramiento cualitativo de la terapia implica no sólo reconocer esta invariante, sino también cultivarla.

Systemic psychological therapy takes place in a relational context, where the subjectivities of the consultants and the therapists interact. Traditional research has focused more on the characteristics of the consultants than on the subjectivity of the therapist. Hence, "third person" perspectives have been privileged. The few studies that investigate the subjectivity of the therapist resort to introspective, interpretive and prescriptive methodologies. How to access the subjectivity of the therapist from different perspectives than those offered by "third person" observation and "first person" introspection? The purpose of the article is to explore, through the micro-phenomenological method, how the subjectivity of the therapist is shown in the first impression of a consultant. To do this, interviews were conducted with six therapists. The results show that en-active emotionality appears as an invariant of the therapist's subjectivity; and that this invariant operates as an "intelligent motivation", which enters "into action" in the course of the intersubjective relationship itself and permanently monitors and guides the therapeutic process. The results allow us to consider, on the one hand, that traditional research has undervalued the importance of en-active emotions in the therapeutic process; and, on the other, that the qualitative improvement of therapy implies not only recognizing this invariant, but also cultivating it.

A terapia psicológica sistêmica ocorre em um contexto relacional, onde as subjetividades das pessoas que consultam interagem. A pesquisa tradicional se concentrou mais nas características das pessoas que consultam do que na subjetividade do terapeuta. Portanto, as perspectivas da "terceira pessoa" foram privilegiadas. Os poucos estudos que investigam a subjetividade do terapeuta recorrem a metodologias introspectivas, interpretativas e prescritivas. Como acessar a subjetividade do terapeuta sob perspectivas diferentes daquelas oferecidas pela observação em "terceira pessoa" e introspecção em "primeira pessoa"? O objetivo do artigo é explorar, através do método micro-fenomenológico, como a subjetividade do terapeuta é mostrada na primeira impressão de um consultor. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com seis terapeutas. Os resultados mostram que a emocionalidade em-ativa aparece como um invariante da subjetividade do terapeuta; e que esse invariante opera como uma "motivação inteligente", que entra em "ação" no curso da própria relação intersubjetiva e monitora e guia permanentemente o processo terapêutico. Os resultados permitem considerar, por um lado, que a pesquisa tradicional subvalorizou a importância das emoções em-ativas no processo terapêutico; e, por outro lado, que a melhoria qualitativa da terapia implica não apenas reconhecer esse invariável, mas também cultivá-lo.

Frecuencias de grupos sanguíneos de interés clínico en donantes y pacientes de Costa Rica / The frequency of blood groups of interest in donors and patients from Costa Rica

Introducción: Los sistemas sanguíneos ABO, Rh y Kell son lo más relevantes desde el punto de vista clínico por su inmunogenicidad y ser los principales causantes de reacciones hemolíticas. Objetivo: Determinar las frecuencias de los grupos sanguíneos ABO y Rh, y la frecuencia del antígeno Kell en pacientes y donantes de Costa Rica. Métodos: Durante el periodo de 2009 al 2018 se obtuvo de las bases de datos de los bancos de sangre de tres hospitales de adultos de Costa Rica, las frecuencias de los grupos sanguíneos ABO, Rh y Kell en muestras de donantes y pacientes. Para contrastar las frecuencias de cada grupo sanguíneo se realizó una prueba de independencia de variables Chi cuadrado, con el 95 por ciento de confianza. Los datos se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23. Resultados: Las frecuencias de los grupos ABO en las muestras de donantes y pacientes mostraron diferencias pequeñas pero significativas. La frecuencia del fenotipo Rh D negativo fue más alta en pacientes (8,0 por ciento) que en donantes (6,1 por ciento). Se estimaron las frecuencias de los antígenos C (67,8 por ciento), c (80,5 por ciento), E (41,4 por ciento), e (94,4 por ciento) y K (3,1 por ciento) a partir de las muestras de los donantes. Conclusiones: Las estrategias de reclutamiento de donantes de sangre aumentan la frecuencia del fenotipo Rh negativo en donantes con respecto a los pacientes. Las estadísticas recopiladas demuestran un aumento en la frecuencia del grupo O en comparación con los últimos estudios relacionados. Finalmente, los otros antígenos presentaron pocas variaciones en comparación a estudios previos(AU)

Introduction: The ABO, Rh and Kell blood systems are the most relevant from the clinical point of view, due to their immunogenicity and because they are the main causes of hemolytic reactions. Objective: To determine the frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups, and the frequency of the Kell antigen in patients and donors from Costa Rica. Methods: During the period from 2009 to 2018, the frequencies of ABO, Rh and Kell blood groups in donor and patient samples were obtained from the blood bank databases of three adult hospitals in Costa Rica. To contrast the frequencies of each blood group, a chi-square test of independence of variables was performed, with 95 percent confidence interval. The data were analyzed with the statistical package SPSS version 23. Results: The frequencies of ABO groups in donor and patient samples showed small but significant differences. The frequency of the negative Rh D phenotype was higher in patients (8.0 percent) than in donors (6.1 percent). The frequencies of the antigens C (67.8 percent), c (80.5 percent), E (41.4 percent), e (94.4 percent), and K (3.1 percent) were estimated from donor samples. Conclusions: Blood donor recruitment strategies increase the frequency of negative Rh phenotype in donors compared to patients. The statistics collected demonstrate an increase in the frequency of the O group compared to recent related studies. Finally, the other antigens did not show as much variation compared to previous studies(AU)

Situación actual de la leucemia mieloide crónica en Costa Rica / (Current situation of chronic myeloid leukemia in Costa Rica)

Resumen Justificación y objetivo: la leucemia mieloide crónica constituye un paradigma de reversión de neoplasia con un tratamiento específico basado en los inhibidores de tirosina quinasa. Aunque la situación epidemiológica ha sido estudiada en países primermundistas, los estudios en Latinoamérica son escasos. Con el fin de actualizar la situación real de la LMC en la región centroamericana, el estudio pretende describir la epidemiología de la leucemia mieloide crónica en Costa Rica. Métodos: se evaluaron 133 pacientes con la enfermedad, mediante monitoreo hematológico y molecular. Se analizó la respuesta de estos casos a tratamiento conforme a las siguientes variables: respuesta hematológica, respuesta molecular y supervivencia global, libre de evento, progresión, así como la prevalencia de mutaciones que confieren resistencia al tratamiento. Resultados: la respuesta hematológica completa fue del 97,7%, y la molecular mayor, a los 12 meses, fue del 43,4%. El seguimiento recomendado por la guía European LeukemiaNet se alcanzó solo en un 68,4% de los pacientes en el primer año, bajando al 57,7%, posteriormente. Un total de 92 pacientes alcanzó respuesta molecular mayor en algún momento; de ellos, el 87,0% conservó respuesta. La supervivencia libre de evento a 3 años fue del 65,7%, libre de progresión del 92,2% y global del 89,2%. La mutación más frecuente encontrada en el gen ABL fue la T315I. Conclusión: el tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide crónica en Costa Rica presenta una eficacia comparable a lo reportado en otros países, con una respuesta molecular mayor inferior a lo esperado, debido a dificultades de acceso al medicamento y monitoreo de la enfermedad.

Abstract Background and aim: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a paradigm of reversion of neoplasia with a specific treatment based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although the epidemiological situation has been studied in first world countries, studies in Latin American countries are scarce. In order to update the real situation of the chronic myeloid leukemia in our Central American region, this study aims to describe the epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukemia in Costa Rica. Methods: 133 patients with the disease were evaluated through hematological and molecular monitoring. The response of these cases to treatment was analyzed by the following variables: haematological response, molecular response and overall survival, event-free, progression, as well as the prevalence of mutations that confer resistance to treatment. Results: The complete haematological response was 97.7% and the molecular response greater than 12 months was 43.4%. The follow-up recommended by the European LeukemiaNet guideline was reached in only 68.4% of the patients in the first year, decreasing to 57.7% later on. A total of 92 patients achieved a higher molecular response at some point, of which 87.0% retained a response. The 3-year event-free survival was 65.7%, progression free of 92.2% and overall of 89.2%. The most frequent mutation found in the ABL gene was T315I. Conclusion: The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in Costa Rica presents an efficacy comparable to that reported in other countries, with a lower molecular response than expected due to difficulties in accessing medication and monitoring the disease.

Situación actual de los SYSADOA en España / Current status of symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs) in Spain

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Fracturas vertebrales múltiples tras la suspensión de tratamiento con denosumab: serie de diez casos / Multiple vertebral fractures following discontinuation of denosumab treatment: ten clinical cases report

OBJETIVOS: Analizar las características clínicas y de metabolismo óseo de una serie de pacientes con fracturas vertebrales tras la suspensión de denosumab (DMab). MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 10 pacientes con fracturas vertebrales tras suspender DMab atendidas en el Servicio de Reumatología de un hospital español de tercer nivel entre 2015 y 2018. RESULTADOS: Se registraron un total de 49 fracturas espontáneas tras una media de 6 dosis de DMab y transcurridos 10,9 meses desde la suspensión del fármaco. El 90% había recibido tratamiento previo, 7 de 10 bisfosfonatos orales. Tras la suspensión, CTX y P1NP estaban elevados y la media de T-score en cuello femoral y columna lumbar fue menor que previo a DMab. Las vértebras más afectadas fueron L3, L5, D6, D7, D9 y D11. CONCLUSIÓN: La descripción de nuevos casos de fracturas vertebrales múltiples en los meses posteriores a la suspensión de DMab subraya la preocupación emergente en la comunidad científica siendo preciso apoyar en evidencias sólidas las nuevas recomendaciones sobre su manejo

OBJECTIVES: Analyse clinical and bone metabolism features in a case series of patients with multiple vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab (DMab). METHODS: An observational descriptive study analysing data from ten patients with multiple vertebral fractures after DMab discontinuation that were admitted to our rheumatology department between 2015 and 2018. RESULTS: There were a total of 49 spontaneous fractures after an average of 6 DMab doses and 10.9 months from discontinuation. Ninety percent had already received treatment other than DMab 7 of 10 oral bisphosphonates. After discontinuation, CTX and P1NP remained elevated and mean T-score for femoral neck and lumbar spine was lower than before treatment. The most affected vertebrae were L3, L5, D6, D7, D9 and D11. CONCLUSION: This report of ten new cases suffering multiple vertebral fractures early after discontinuation of DMab highlights the emerging concern on the subject in the scientific community and the need to clarify its pathogenic mechanism, and to support by solid evidence the new recommendations on its management

Prevención de tuberculosis en la edad escolar / No disponible

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Reumatología y osteoporosis (RETOSS): osteoporosis posmenopáusica en la consulta de reumatología / Rheumatology and osteoporosis (RETOSS): a vision of postmenopausal osteoporosis in rheumatology departments throughout Spain

Objetivo. Conocer las características de las mujeres posmenopáusicas con osteoporosis que acuden a las consultas hospitalarias de reumatología en España. Métodos. Desde junio a septiembre de 2008 se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, transversal y multicéntrico en 63 consultas de reumatología en toda España. Se evaluaron 629 mujeres posmenopáusicas con osteoporosis utilizando un cuestionario diseñado para recoger datos demográficos, clínicos, radiológicos, de densidad ósea y de función física. Cada médico participante escogió una paciente por día; la primera que cumplía los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados. La media de la edad fue de 66,6 (9,2) años, del peso fue de 64,6 (10,1)kg y del índice de masa corporal (IMC): 26,1 (4,1)kg/m2. La pérdida de talla media fue de 3,1 (2,8)cm en relación a la media de la talla histórica. El 35,7% tenía antecedentes familiares de fractura, el 40,7% había tenido alguna fractura, de las cuales el 54,8% eran fracturas vertebrales. En las pacientes que presentaban calcidiol <20ng/ml se observó una mayor frecuencia de caídas (p=0,033) y de fracturas (p=0,006), respecto al grupo con valores de calcidiol >20ng/ml. Se encontró un aumento significativo de la probabilidad de caídas asociadas a la edad, y el 51,5% de las mujeres que se había caído, había sufrido algún tipo de fractura por fragilidad. El 75% de las mujeres tenía una ingesta baja de calcio (400mg/d). El test Get up & go mostró un incremento significativo de la probabilidad de test > 20 segundos en relación con la edad, de forma lineal, y con un aumento de la incidencia de fracturas. El 71,8% de las pacientes tenía dolor de espalda y entre estas, el 85,3% presentaba dolor de moderado a severo. Conclusiones. La mayoría de las mujeres españolas posmenopáusicas con osteoporosis que acuden a las consultas de reumatología tiene una ingesta baja de calcio y un tercio de ellas tiene antecedentes familiares de fractura. La incidencia de fracturas muestra una clara relación con la edad, la capacidad funcional y el dolor de espalda. La determinación de la concentración de calcidiol sérico se realiza en un bajo porcentaje de pacientes (AU)

Objective. To know the characteristics of the postmenopausal women with osteoporosis consulting Rheumatology Hospital Divisions in Spain. Methods. An epidemiologic, observational, transverse and multicentric study was performed from June to September 2008 in 63 rheumatology divisions in Spain. Six hundred and twenty nine osteoporotic postmenopausal women were studied using a questionnaire designed to get demographic, clinical, radiological, bone density, and functional information. Every physician had to choose only one patient per day, usually the first woman to come in and fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Mean age of included women was 66,6 [9,2) years, weight:64,6[10,1] kg and body mass index: 26,1[4,1] kg/m2. They were 3,1[2,8] cm shorter than the maximal historical height. 35,7% of them had a family history of fracture and 40,7% had a past history of fracture, of which 54,8% were vertebral fractures. Patients who received calcidiol <20ng/ml sustained more falls (p=0,033) and fractures (p=0,006) than women receiving calcidiol >20ng/ml. Risk of falls and fractures increased with advancing age and 51,5% of women who fell, had a fracture. 75% of women had poor calcium intake (<=400mg/day). The Get up & go test showed a linear trend to an increased probability of >20s in relationship with the age as well as with an increased incidence of fractures. 71,8% of patients had back pain and in 85,3% it went from moderate to severe. In conclusion. Most osteoporotic postmenopausal Spanish women have a low calcium intake, one out of three has a family history of fractures that increases fracture incidence and this shows a relationship with age and functional capacity; four out of ten have had any type of fractures, one out of three have fallen during the past year and half of these present back pain. Calcidiol levels have been evaluated in a small group of patients (AU)

Fractura vertebral aguda y técnicas de refuerzo vertebral / Acute vertebral fracture and vertebral reinforcement techniques

La alta incidencia de las fracturas por fragilidad y especialmente de las fracturas vertebrales (FV) en mujeres con osteoporosis posmenopáusica obliga a abordar este tema una y otra vez. En este manuscrito se actualizan los datos epidemiológicos que indican la magnitud del problema y se revisan alternativas de tratamiento farmacológico, tanto para disminuir el dolor producido por la FV como para prevenir la presentación de nuevas fracturas osteoporóticas de cualquier tipo, indicando los agentes antirresortivos y osteoformadores disponibles actualmente. En los casos de FV por compresión, en las que el tratamiento farmacológico habitual no produce mejoría del dolor y siempre que no existan contraindicaciones, puede ser muy apropiado realizar vertebroplastia o cifoplastia (AU)

The high incidence of fractures by fragility and, especially of the vertebral fractures in osteoporotic postmenopausal women, forces us to approach this subject once more. In this manuscript epidemiological data that indicates the magnitude of the problem will be updated. Treatment alternatives to decrease back pain produced by vertebral fracture are will be reviewed, and the prevention of the occurrence of new osteoporotic fractures of any type, through the administration of suitable antiresorptive and bone-forming pharmacological agents to increase bone mineral density will also be addressed. In some patients with painful vertebral compression fractures it is possible obtain an analgesic effect by percutaneous vertebroplasty or by kiphoplasty using polymethylmetacrilate cement or calcium- phosphate cement, injected into vertebral bodies (AU)

Nuevo caso de infección humana por una larva de Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae) en el Perú / New case of human infection by a pseudoterranova decipiens larva (Nematode, Anisakidae) in Peru

El objetivo del reporte es comunicar un nuevo caso de anisakidosis humana en el Perú, producido por una larva del nemátode Pseudoterranova decipiens, aislado de una mujer de 17 años natural de Lima, que había ingerido "cebiche" en un establecimiento de la ciudad de Ica, en la Costa central del Perú. Aproximadamente, 4 horas después de la ingesta del potaje, la paciente presenta malestar general, luego, con sensación de naúsea a nivel del epigastrico, este síntoma se hizo más intenso 5 horas después y la paciente presentó vómitos, en cuyo contenido se halló un nemátode vivo que fue identificado como larva L3 de P. decipiens. Este es uno de los agentes etiológicos de la anisakidosis.