Feeding Practices of Preterm Low Birthweight Infants Up to 6 Months: A Comparison Between Kangaroo and Conventional Care.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare feeding practices of low birthweight (LBW) infants, according to type of care received during and after hospital discharge: Kangaroo Care (KC) and Conventional Care (CC). METHODS: Prospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital (Brazil) between 2019 and 2021. The sample consisted of 65 LBW infants (weight ≤ 1800 g)-46 in KC and 19 in CC. KC includes breastfeeding (BF) guidance and support to parents at hospital and after discharge. Data collection was performed at hospital discharge, and at the 4th and 6th month of corrected gestational age (CGA). Consumption of 27 foods was analyzed in the last 2 periods of the follow-up and expressed in relative frequency. Three indicators were analyzed: exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), mixed BF, and introduction of liquid and solid foods. RESULTS: Groups had similar health characteristics, except for the weight at hospital discharge and the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology - Perinatal (SNAPPE II) score that were lower in KC group. We found higher frequency of EBF among KC at hospital discharge (CC = 5.3% vs KC = 47.8%; P = 0.001). The higher frequency of mixed BF was observed in KC at 4 months of CGA (CC = 5.6% vs KC = 35.0%; P = 0.023), and at 6 months of CGA (CC = 0.0% vs KC = 24.4%; P = 0.048). Consumption of solid foods (4th month of CGA = 25.9%, 6th month of CGA = 91.2%) and liquids (4th month of CGA = 77.6%, 6th month of CGA = 89.5%) were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In KC, SNAPPE II scores were lower and frequency of EBF was higher at hospital discharge and frequency of mixed BF was higher over 6 months. Early supply of infant formula, liquid and solid foods were similar in both groups.

Alcohol use and health behavior among nursing professionals. / Uso de álcool e comportamento de saúde entre profissionais da enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the problematic use of alcohol and health behavior among the nursing staff of a general hospital. METHOD: Cross-sectional study conducted at a general hospital. A questionnaire with socio-demographic information, the alcohol and substance use screening test, and a questionnaire on health behavior were applied. RESULTS: A total of 416 professionals participated in the study. In the final model of logistical regression, male professionals (OR 4.3), singles (OR 3.7), those that professed to having other religions (OR 3.8), worked as nursing technician (OR 2.3), did not consume low doses of alcoholic beverages per day (OR 2.0), used tobacco (OR 8.9), avoided consuming beverages with caffeine (OR 1.9) and avoided noisy environments (OR 2.0) showed higher chances of consuming alcohol at a problematic level. CONCLUSION: Among nursing professionals, the use of alcohol and not engaging in health behavior are strongly associated. These findings have implications for the implementation of strategies for the promotion of health and the prevention of alcohol use in work relationships.

[Introduction of complementary feeding and associated factors in preterm and low birthweight newborns: a prospective cohort study]. / Introdução da alimentação complementar e fatores associados em recém-nascidos pré-termo e com baixo peso: estudo de coorte prospectivo.

This study aimed to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors, maternal and neonatal characteristics and the time taken to introduce complementary feeding in low birthweight and preterm newborns. This is a prospective cohort study of 79 preterm newborns weighing less than or equal to 1,800g. Data were collected at the time of hospital discharge and at the 6th, 9th ,and 12th months of corrected gestational age (CGA), using a structured questionnaire to analyze the time taken to introduce complementary feeding and the texture of the foods introduced. Furthermore, the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC-BR) was used to assess the risk of developmental delay. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the variables. The introduction of complementary feeding was assessed in preterm newborns based on the median age of introduction of liquid foods (3.50; IQR: 2.50-5.00), followed by solid (4.70; IQR: 3.20-5.20) and soft foods (5.00; IQR: 4.50-5.50). There was also an association with gestational age (RR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.52) throughout the process of food introduction. For solid and soft foods, those with the longest length of stay (RR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.10-1.05) and on mixed breastfeeding (RR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.24-7.09) delayed the introduction of complementary feeding the longest. For liquid foods, less severe preterm newborns (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension - SNAPPE II [RR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.98]) and mothers who were breastfeeding at hospital discharge (RR = 11.49; 95%CI: 1.57-84.10) delayed the introduction of complementary feeding. Guidelines are needed to better advise professionals and parents and/or guardians on the ideal time to introduce feeding.

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a associação entre os fatores sociodemográficos, as características maternas e neonatais e o tempo de introdução da alimentação complementar em recém-nascidos pré-termo e com baixo peso. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo feito com 79 recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso menor ou igual a 1.800g. Os dados foram coletados no momento da alta hospitalar e ao 6º, 9º e 12º mês de idade gestacional corrigida (IGC), com auxílio de um questionário estruturado para analisar o tempo de introdução da alimentação complementar e texturas dos alimentos introduzidos. Além disso, para avaliar o risco de atraso de desenvolvimento, utilizou-se o Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC-BR). Para análise das variáveis, aplicou-se regressão de riscos proporcionais de Cox. A introdução da alimentação complementar foi observada nos recém-nascidos pré-termo, com a mediana de idade de introdução de alimentos líquidos (3,50; IQ: 2,50-5,00), seguido por sólidos (4,70; IQ: 3,20-5,20) e pastosos (5,00; IQ: 4,50-5.50). Ainda, verificou-se associação da idade gestacional (RR = 1.25; IC95%: 1,02-1,52) em todo o processo da introdução alimentar. Para os alimentos sólidos e pastosos, aqueles com o maior tempo de internação (RR = 1,03; IC95%: 1,10- 1,05) e em amamentação mista (RR = 2,97; IC95%: 1,24-7,09) adiaram mais o tempo para introduzir a alimentação complementar. Para alimentos líquidos, recém-nascidos pré-termo menos graves (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension - SNAPPE II [RR = 0,96; IC95%: 0,94-0,98]) e mães que estavam amamentando na alta hospitalar (RR = 11,49; IC95%: 1,57-84,10) postergaram a introdução alimentar. Diretrizes para melhor orientação de profissionais e pais e/ou responsáveis sobre o momento ideal de introdução alimentar se faz necessário.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre los factores sociodemográficos, características maternas y neonatales y el momento de introducción de la alimentación complementaria en recién nacidos pretérmino (recém-nascidos pré-termo) y de bajo peso. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado con 79 recém-nascidos pré-termo con un peso menor o igual a 1.800g. Los datos se recopilaron en el momento del alta hospitalaria y al 6º, 9º y 12º mes de edad gestacional corregida (EGC), con la ayuda de un cuestionario estructurado para analizar el momento de introducción de la alimentación complementaria y las texturas de los alimentos introducidos. Además, para evaluar el riesgo de retraso en el desarrollo, se utilizó la Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC-BR). Para analizar las variables, se aplicó la regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. La introducción de la alimentación complementaria se observó en los recém-nascidos pré-termo, con la mediana de edad de introducción de alimentos líquidos (3,50; IIC: 2,50-5,00), seguido de los sólidos (4,70; IIC: 3,20-5,20) y pastosos (5,00; IIC: 4,50-5,50). Además, se constató la asociación de la edad gestacional (RR = 1,25; IC95%: 1,02-1,52) durante todo el proceso de introducción alimentaria. En el caso de alimentos sólidos y pastosos, aquellos con mayor tiempo de hospitalización (RR = 1,03; IC95%: 1,10-1,05) y en lactancia mixta (RR = 2,97; IC95%: 1,24-7,09) retrasaron más la introducción de alimentación complementaria. En el caso de alimentos líquidos, los recém-nascidos pré-termo menos graves (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension - SNAPPE II [RR = 0,96; IC95%: 0,94-0,98]) y las madres que estaban amamantando al alta hospitalaria (RR = 11,49; IC95%: 1,57-84,10) pospusieron la introducción de alimentos. Se hacen necesarias pautas para una mejor orientación a profesionales y padres o tutores sobre el momento ideal para la introducción alimentaria.

Analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of incidence, mortality and test rates (rapid and RT-PCR) of COVID-19 in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Análise da dinâmica espaço-temporal da incidência, mortalidade e taxas de testes (rápidos e moleculares) da COVID-19 no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Análisis de la dinámica espacio-temporal de la incidencia, mortalidad y tasas de prueba (rápida e RT-PCR) de COVID-19 en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Background and Objectives: A novel type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for an unprecedented pandemic with profound socioeconomic consequences. Owing to its recent discovery still represents a great unknown to researchers. Thus, this study aims to establish the spatio-temporal associations of the incidence, mortality, and the rate of both rapid and RT-PCR tests in Minas Gerais. Methods: This is a quantitative analysis of secondary data based on a cross-sectional research design. Incidence, mortality, date of the first notification of COVID-19 and number of rapid and RT-PCR tests were obtained from the sources: "GAL", "e-SUS VE" and "SES-MG". Pearson coefficient for correlation was calculated to establish the level of association between the relevant data. Descriptive statistical procedures were used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of incidence, mortality and test rates in the territory. Results: Positive correlations were found between the rate of rapid tests and incidence; rate of RT-PCR tests and incidence/mortality. At the municipal level, incidence, mortality, rate of rapid tests and RT-PCR revealed a negative correlation with days elapsed since the First Notified Case. The same effect occurs at the level of health macro-regions. Conclusion: The heterogeneity of the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in the territory of Minas Gerais, as well as the rate of tests may be caused, in part, due to the different dates of introduction of the virus in the municipalities/macro-regions. It is speculated that this phenomenon occurs due to the dynamics of regional and inter-regional flows of people.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: Um novo tipo de coronavírus, SARS-CoV-2, é responsável por uma pandemia sem precedentes com profundas consequências socioeconômicas. Devido à sua recente descoberta, o vírus surgido na cidade chinesa de Wuhan, em dezembro de 2019, ainda lança grandes incógnitas. Este estudo objetiva estabelecer as associações espaço-temporais da incidência; mortalidade; e taxas de testes rápidos e RT-PCR em Minas Gerais. Métodos: Trata-se de uma análise quantitativa de dados secundários a partir de um desenho de pesquisa transversal. Incidência, mortalidade, data da(s) primeira(s) notificações da doença, número de testes rápidos e de RT-PCR foram obtidos nas fontes: "Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial", "e-sus VE" e SES-MG. O coeficiente de Pearson para correlação foi calculado para estabelecer o nível de associação entre os dados relevantes. Técnicas estatísticas descritivas foram empregadas para compreender a distribuição da incidência, mortalidade e taxas de testes no território. Resultados: Correlações positivas foram encontradas entre taxa de testes rápidos e incidência; taxa de testes RT-PCR e incidência/mortalidade. A nível municipal, incidência, mortalidade, taxa de testes rápidos e de RT-PCR têm correlação negativa com dias transcorridos desde o Primeiro Caso Notificado. O mesmo efeito ocorre, em diferentes intensidades, a nível das macrorregiões de saúde. Conclusão: A heterogeneidade da incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 no território mineiro, assim como, das taxas de testes (rápidos e RT-PCR) pode ser causada, em parte, devido às diferentes datas de introdução do vírus nos municípios/macrorregiões de saúde. Especula-se que esse fenômeno se deve às dinâmicas dos fluxos regionais e inter-regionais de pessoas.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: El SARS-CoV-2 es responsable por una pandemia sin precedentes con profundas consecuencias socioeconómicas. Debido a su reciente descubrimiento, este vírus representa una gran incógnita para los investigadores. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer las asociaciones espacio-temporales de la incidencia, la mortalidad y la tasa de pruebas rápidas y RT-PCR en Minas Gerais. Métodos: Trata-se de un análisis cuantitativo de datos secundarios basado en un diseño de investigación transversal. Incidencia, mortalidad, fecha de la primera notificación de COVID-19 y número de pruebas rápidas y RT-PCR se obtuvieron de las fuentes: "GAL", "e-SUS VE" y "SES-MG". Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para establecer el nivel de asociación entre los datos relevantes. Se utilizaron procedimientos estadísticos descriptivos para proporcionar una comprensión integral de la distribución de la incidencia, la mortalidad y las tasas de prueba en el territorio. Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre la tasa de pruebas rápidas y la incidencia; tasa de pruebas de RT-PCR y incidencia/mortalidad. A nivel municipal, la incidencia, mortalidad, tasa de pruebas rápidas y RT-PCR revelaron una correlación negativa con los días transcurridos desde el Primer Caso Notificado. El mismo efecto ocorre a nivel de macrorregiones de salud. Conclusiones: La heterogeneidad de la incidencia y mortalidad de COVID-19 en el territorio de Minas Gerais, así como la tasa de pruebas puede deberse, en parte, a las diferentes fechas de introducción de la virus en los territorios. Se especula que este fenómeno ocurre debido a la dinámica de los flujos regionales e interregionales de personas.(AU)

Uso de álcool e comportamento de saúde entre profissionais da enfermagem / Uso de alcohol y comportamiento de salud entre profesionales de enfermería / Alcohol use and health behavior among nursing professionals

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o uso problemático de álcool e comportamentos de saúde entre profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital geral. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital geral. Foi aplicado um questionário com informações sociodemográficas, o teste de triagem do uso álcool e de outras drogas e o questionário de comportamentos de saúde. Resultado: Participaram da pesquisa 416 profissionais. No modelo final da regressão logística, os profissionais do sexo masculino (OR 4,3), solteiros (OR 3,7), que professam outras religiões (OR 3,8), exercem função de técnico de enfermagem (OR 2,3), não consomem baixas doses de bebidas alcoólicas por dia (OR 2,0), fazem uso de tabaco (OR 8,9), evitam o consumo de bebidas com cafeína (OR 1,9) e ambientes barulhentos (OR 2,0) apresentaram chances aumentadas para o consumo de álcool em nível problemático. Conclusão: O uso de álcool e comportamentos de saúde não saudáveis entre profissionais de enfermagem estão fortemente associados. Esses achados têm implicações para a implementação de trabalhos com estratégias de promoção de saúde e prevenção do uso de álcool nas relações de trabalho.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el uso problemático de alcohol y comportamientos de salud entre profesionales de enfermería de un hospital general. Método: Estudio transversal llevado a cabo en un hospital general. Se aplicó un cuestionario con informaciones sociodemográficas, la prueba de cribado del uso de alcohol y de otras drogas y el cuestionario de comportamientos de salud. Resultado: Participaron en la investigación 416 profesionales. En el modelo final de la regresión logística, los profesionales del sexo masculino (OR 4,3), solteros (OR 3,7), que profiesan otras religiones (OR 3,8), ejercen función de técnico de enfermería (OR 2,3), no consumen bajas dosis de bebidas alcohólicas por día (OR 2,0), son tabaquistas (OR 8,9), evitan el consumo de bebidas con cafeína (OR 1,9) y ambientes ruidosos (OR 2,0) presentaron probabilidades aumentadas para el consumo de alcohol a nivel problemático. Conclusión: Uso de alcohol y comportamientos de salud no sanos entre profesionales de enfermería están fuertemente asociados. Dichos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la implantación de trabajos con estrategias de promoción de salud y prevención del uso de alcohol en las relaciones laborales.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the problematic use of alcohol and health behavior among the nursing staff of a general hospital. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted at a general hospital. A questionnaire with socio-demographic information, the alcohol and substance use screening test, and a questionnaire on health behavior were applied. Results: A total of 416 professionals participated in the study. In the final model of logistical regression, male professionals (OR 4.3), singles (OR 3.7), those that professed to having other religions (OR 3.8), worked as nursing technician (OR 2.3), did not consume low doses of alcoholic beverages per day (OR 2.0), used tobacco (OR 8.9), avoided consuming beverages with caffeine (OR 1.9) and avoided noisy environments (OR 2.0) showed higher chances of consuming alcohol at a problematic level. Conclusion: Among nursing professionals, the use of alcohol and not engaging in health behavior are strongly associated. These findings have implications for the implementation of strategies for the promotion of health and the prevention of alcohol use in work relationships.

Analysis of the spatial-temporal dynamics of incidence, mortality and test rates (rapid and RT-PCR) of COVID-19 in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Introduction: A novel type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for an unprecedented pandemic with profound socioeconomic consequences. Owing to its recent discovery, the virus that emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019 still represents a great unknown to researchers. This study aims to establish the spatio-temporal associations of the incidence, mortality, and the rate of both rapid and RT-PCR tests in Minas Gerais. Methods: This is a quantitative analysis of secondary data based on a cross-sectional research design. Incidence, mortality, date of the first notification of COVID-19 and number of rapid and RT-PCR tests were obtained from the sources: Laboratory Environment Manager, e-SUS epidemiological surveillance platform and SES-MG. Pearson coefficient for correlation was calculated to establish the level of association between the relevant data. Descriptive statistical procedures were used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of incidence, mortality and test rates in the territory. Results: Positive correlations were found between the rate of rapid tests and incidence; rate of RT-PCR tests and incidence/mortality. At the municipal level, incidence, mortality, rate of rapid tests and RT-PCR revealed a negative correlation with days elapsed since the First Notified Case. The same effect occurs, at different intensities, at the level of health macro-regions. Discussion: The heterogeneity of the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in the territory of Minas Gerais, as well as the rate of tests (rapid and RT-PCR) may be caused, in part, due to the different dates of introduction of the virus in the municipalities/macro-regions. It is speculated that this phenomenon occurs due to the dynamics of regional and inter-regional flows of people.