An immediate effect of PNF specific mobilization on the angle of trunk rotation and the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle range of motion in adolescent girls with double idiopathic scoliosis-a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Impairment of spine rotation is a key concept in several theories explaining the pathogenesis and progression of scoliosis. In previous studies, a more limited range of motion in scoliotic girls compared to their non-scoliotic peers was noted. The Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle measurement is a test used to assess the range of motion in the trunk-pelvis-hip complex in the transverse plane. The aim of this study was to assess an immediate effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation specific mobilization (mPNF) on the angle of trunk rotation and Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle range of motion in adolescent girls with double scoliosis. METHODS: The study was conducted on 83 girls aged 10 to 17 years (mean 13.7 ± 1.9) with double idiopathic scoliosis consisting of a right-sided thoracic curve (mean 25.1° ± 13.9°) and a left-sided thoracolumbar or lumbar curve (mean 20.8° ± 11.4°). The angle of trunk rotation and Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle were measured at baseline and after PNF mobilization. Bilateral lower limb patterns of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation were used in combination with the "contract-relax" technique and stimulation of asymmetrical breathing. In the statistical analysis, the SAS rel. 13.2 software was used. Preliminary statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. According to Shapiro-Wilk criterion of normality, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare paired samples. Next, the data was analyzed using multivariate GLM models. RESULTS: In adolescent girls with double scoliosis, significant differences between the left and right side of the body concerning the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle ranges were noted. A single, unilateral PNF mobilization significantly decreased the angle of trunk rotation in the thoracic (p < 0.001) and lumbar spine (p < 0.001). Unilateral PNF mobilization also increased the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle ranges on the left (p < 0.001) and right (p < 0.001) side significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral PNF mobilization led to a decrease in the angle of trunk rotation, improvement in the range of motion, and the symmetry of mobility in the transverse plane in the trunk-pelvis-hip complex in adolescent girls with double idiopathic scoliosis. The effects should be treated only as immediate. Further studies are required to determine long-term effects of PNF mobilization on the spinal alignment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN11750900.

Polyamines in cow's and sow's milk.

There were considerably interspecies, individual, lactation and age related variabilities in the concentration of spermidine and spermine in cow's and sow's milk. Concentration of spermidine was similar in cow's and sow's milk, whereas spermine level was higher in sow's milk. The level of spermine was higher than spermidine throughout the lactation in sow's milk, whereas spermine in cow's milk was secreted only at the beginning of lactation (collostrum and milk of the first month of lactation). The peak of spermidine and spermine concentration occurred in the collostrum and milk between the 1st and 3rd week of lactation in cow and sow, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between milk yield and spermidine secretion in cow as well as between the number of piglets and milk spermidine concentration in sow.

A simple, PC-dedicated, implanted digital PIM radiotelemetric system.

The short-distance, PC-dedicated implanted telemetry system is described. Schematic drawings of the transmitter and Centronics port interface are given and the main problems of the controlling program are discussed. The interface can be easily converted to serve as an analog output and the method of adaptation is demonstrated. The whole system was tested in animal experiments with two different amplifiers and the examples of resulting direct ECG and both direct and integrated intestinal EMG recordings are included.

Three-day enteral exposure to a red kidney bean lectin preparation enhances the pancreatic response to CCK stimulation in suckling pigs.

BACKGROUND: A reason for the digestive problems that often occur around early weaning in piglets could be that the pancreas is not yet fully developed and the enzymes required for degradation of the solid food are not secreted in enough amounts. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of inducing pancreas maturation with enhanced enzyme secretion. METHODS: 10-day-old suckling pigs were gavage fed with a red kidney bean lectin preparation for 3 days, and the pancreatic response to intravenous infusion of CCK-33 was measured in the anaesthetized animals fitted with pancreatic duct catheters. RESULTS: The pancreatic fluid secretion, protein output, and the trypsin and amylase outputs were significantly increased in response to CCK stimulation after the lectin treatment, as compared to those of the control littermates (p < or = 0.05). In addition, the plasma insulin basal levels and those observed during CCK-33 stimulation were lower in the lectin-treated piglets. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the lectin treatment led to an increase in the capacity for pancreatic enzyme secretion in the suckling piglets. An enhanced pancreatic function might help to ameliorate the problems that may appear in modern pig production which are associated with weaning.

The effect of adrenal denervation on the metabolic effects of hyperammonemia in sheep.

The metabolic effect of intravenous infusion of ammonium chloride (60 mumol/(kg body weight.min] was compared in five sheep before and after adrenal denervation. Adrenal denervation completely abolished the hyperglycemic effect of ammonium chloride, diminished the rise of pyruvate and lactate concentration, and failed to influence the lipolytic effect of NH4Cl. It is suggested that the metabolic effects of ammonia are in a different degree related to the action of ammonia on the central nervous system and (i) the hyperammonemic effect of ammonia completely depends on the neurogenic increase of adrenal medullary hormones; (ii) the rise of blood lactate and pyruvate level observed during hyperammonemia is only partially mediated by adrenaline; and (iii) the lipolytic effect of ammonia ion does not depend on the nerve-controlled secretion of adrenal medullary hormones.

Variability of orotic acid concentration in cow's milk.

The average concentration of orotic acid in the milk of 412 Black and White bred cows from four Polish provinces was 0.618 +/- 0.233 mmol/l. There was no correlation between milk yield and concentration of orotic acid. A higher concentration of this pyrimidine in younger cows, and its increase during development of lactation was noted. The yearly pattern of orotic acid in milk and urine of four low-, and four high-orotate cows was examined. In spite of high average differences in milk orotate (0.397 and 0.813 mmol/l) no significant differences in urinary orotate (20.96 and 21.90 mumol/mmol creatinine) were observed. In both groups the lowest milk orotate level occurred in early lactation. The orotic acid content (mmol/l) in commercial milk products was as follows: skim milk--0.783; evaporated milk--0.538; cream 12% fat--0.367; buttermilk--0.449; yogurt--0.331; kefir--0.341; sour milk 2% fat--0.360; dried skim milk--1.042; Bebiko I (infant formula)--0.650. Leukemia led to the elevation (0.845 mmol/l), whereas mastitis to the depression (0.124 mmol/l) of milk orotic acid level.

Polyamines and pyrimidines in blood plasma and urine of dogs bearing mammary tumours.

The blood plasma and urinary pattern of polyamines and pyrimidines in dogs bearing mammary tumours was examined. A large variability of pyrimidines in blood plasma and spermidine, spermine and pseudouridine in urine of healthy and tumour-bearing dogs was observed. The blood plasma level of uracil and uridine as well as urinary concentration of pseudouridine and spermidine/spermine ratio were significantly elevated in dogs with mammary tumours.

The metabolism and urinary excretion of orotic acid in hyperargininaemic sheep.

The synthesis, blood plasma turnover and urinary excretion of the orotic acid in normo- and hyperargininaemic sheep was investigated. The whole-body orotate formation was evaluated indirectly by the measurement of urinary orotate excretion after blockage of pyrimidine pathway with 6-azauridine (4 hour i.v. infusion of 0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1). Simultaneous infusion of L-arginine (2.5 mumols.kg-1.min-1) significantly elevated the blood plasma arginine, ornithine and urea level, however, it did not significantly influence urinary orotate excretion. In normoargininaemia blood plasma turnover of exogenous orotic acid amounted to 4.9 min and 67% of this compound was eliminated through the kidneys. The renal clearance of orotic acid amounted to 21.7 ml.min-1.kg-0.75. Hyperargininaemia elevated blood plasma turnover to 8.2 min, and diminished the renal clearance of this metabolite to 13.7 ml.min-1.kg-0.75. These results indicate that hyperargininaemia and hyperornithinaemia do not change the whole body synthesis of orotic acid in sheep but they can affect renal excretion of this metabolite, particularly at the rate of tubular secretion close to saturation.

Efficiency of hemodialysis of pyrimidine compounds in patients with chronic renal failure.

The accumulation in blood plasma and efficiency of hemodialysis of pyrimidine compounds (orotic acid, orotidine, pseudouridine, uridine, thymine) as well as uric acid and creatinine in 23 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) was investigated. As a reference, the analysis of the above metabolites in the plasma of 30 healthy volunteers was performed. Among examined compounds, pseudouridine possessed the highest capability of accumulation in blood plasma (25 times higher concentration than physiological). It coincided with the lowest efficiency of pseudouridine hemodialysis (44%) and the longest T1/2 (relative to creatinine) in plasma. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) between efficiency of creatinine and pseudouridine hemodialysis was calculated. The concentration of orotic acid in the blood plasma of patients before hemodialysis exceeded 14 times its level in healthy subjects; the inhibition of uric acid synthesis by allopurinol in dialyzed patients was accompanied by enlargement of orotidine and orotate accumulation in blood plasma. Extremely high plasma concentration of examined pyrimidines remaining elevated after hemodialysis creates an additional hazard for tissue metabolism and health of patients with CRF.

Comparison of urinary neopterin and pseudouridine in patients with malignant proliferative diseases.

The HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of urinary neopterin, pseudouridine, and creatinine allows a rapid evaluation of the activation state of cell-mediated immunity, and the stimulation of whole-body rRNA + tRNA turnover, associated with malignant growth. Urinary neopterin and pseudouridine concentrations in healthy subjects amounted to: 106.6 +/- 34.6 mumol/mol creatinine, and 19.6 +/- 5.2 mmol/mol creatinine (mean +/- SD), respectively. The increase of neopterin excretion in patients with haematological neoplasms ranged from 146% in Hodgkin's disease to 534% in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whereas the increase in cancer cases ranged from 95% in adenocarcinoma of the gaster to 741% in hepatocellular carcinoma. The changes in pseudouridine excretion were much less pronounced: 63% in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 120% in carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The correlation coefficient between neopterin and pseudouridine was relatively low (r = 0.43), although statistically significant (P < 0.01). In the case of several neoplasms e.g. Hodgkin's disease, polycythaemia vera, and adenocarcinoma of the gaster, neopterin was significantly elevated, whereas pseudouridine remained at a normal concentration. There was a positive relationship between the stage of the disease (primary focus, regional metastases, dissemination) and urinary concentration of pseudouridine in patients with adenocarcinoma of the large intestine. In the same patients the increase of neopterin excretion was noticed both in early and advanced stages, with the highest values in disseminated disease.

Blood plasma pseudouridine in patients with malignant proliferative diseases.

The blood plasma concentration of pseudouridine was estimated in 104 healthy adult subjects, and 108 patients suffering from malignant proliferative diseases. The HPLC method for simultaneous determination of pseudouridine and creatinine was applied. The average physiological concentration of pseudouridine in blood plasma was 2.43 +/- 0.97 mumol.l-1 or 29.15 +/- 7.40 mmol.mol-1 creatinine. The physiological urinary excretion of pseudouridine was 14.32 +/- 5.20 mumol.24 h-1.kg-0.75 or 19.60 +/- 5.22 mmol.mol-1 creatinine. Renal clearance of pseudouridine and endogenous creatinine were 4.04 +/- 0.99 and 5.50 +/- 1.46 ml.kg-0.75, respectively. A positive correlation (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) was found between age (in the range 20-92 years) and blood plasma pseudouridine concentration (mumol.l-1). By expressing plasma pseudouridine in relation to plasma creatinine, the apparent influence of non-metabolic factors (age, renal insufficiency, blood dilution) on the plasma pseudouridine concentration were largely excluded. Among haematological proliferative diseases the highest values of plasma pseudouridine concentrations were observed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (8.19 mumol.l-1; 54.9 mmol.mol-1 creatinine) and multiple myeloma (7.02 mumol.l-1; 52.5 mmol.mol-1 creatinine). In multiple myeloma, but not in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, the plasma pseudouridine concentration depended on the clinical stage. A lower, but still significant response in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was noted (4.03 mumol.l-1; 40.88 mmol.mol-1 creatinine). A significant increase of the plasma pseudouridine concentration was characteristic of adenocarcinomas of the large intestine, and it occurred in the early stages of malignant growth. In patients with lung cancer the plasma pseudouridine concentration was elevated only in advanced cases with metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Metabolic effect of orotic acid in calves.

Eight calves (males, Black and White crossbred with Holstein-Fresian) were fed milk and milk replacer without (control group) or with potassium orotate (3 mmol./l.) supplementation for 6 weeks after birth. Orotate depressed the biosynthesis of polyamines in mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, omasum, abomasum, colon) by decreasing of ornithine decarboxylase activity with a simultaneous compensatory increase of S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase activity. A lower concentration of spermidine and spermine in the mucosa of the colon was also noted. The above changes were accompanied by increased urinary excretion of ornithine and arginine. Calf adaptation to a high OA intake was associated with an increased activity of the OA metabolizing enzyme complex (orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase) in the liver, while urinary OA losses diminished with age. Increased concentrations of uracil and uridine in the liver and higher urinary excretion of pseudouridine in OA-fed calves was also observed. Stimulation of pyrimidine metabolism by OA depressed purine synthesis, which was reflected by a decrease of urate, hypoxanthine, and xanthine concentration in the liver. Interestingly OA enhanced urate excretion by the kidneys. OA strongly affected lipid metabolism in calves because total cholesterol, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in blood plasma decreased while triglycerides accumulated in the liver of OA-fed calves. Milk OA in concentrations characteristic of cows with hereditary orotic aciduria exerts an unfavourable effect on the metabolism of polyamines, purines, and lipids in calf tissues.