Small Nucleolar RNAs in Solid Tumors: A Brief Review of the Literature on These Potential Biomarkers.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct an integrative review, addressing the key findings, biological functions, and clinical significance of these biomolecules in solid tumors. METHODS: This document analyzes the main data on the involvement of snoRNAs in solid tumors. For this, Pubmed and Science direct were used, with keywords. Additionally, a search for the host gene was conducted using the snoDB tool, and its chromosomal location was identified using the Hugo Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC). RESULTS: According to research conducted in the literature, the majority of snoRNAs were found to be overexpressed and described as regulators of processes such as invasion, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. They are associated with clinical prognostic factors such as metastasis and worse survival. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is essential to expand the investigation of snoRNAs in oncology across different types of tumors. The utilization of these biomolecules may pave the way for innovative clinical applications, such as their use in the early detection of neoplasms in non-invasive samples and as therapeutic targets. Broadening research on snoRNAs across various tumor types is crucial.

What is the Role of SNORA42 in Carcinogenesis? A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: Perform a systematic literature review on SNORA42 in carcinogenesis in order to elucidate its importance, its potential use as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target. METHODS: Using PubMed, SciELO and Science Direct databases as search means, articles that are in line with the scope of the study, written in English, that were published between 2012 and 2022, were selected using the following keywords: "small nucleolar RNA 42", "snoRNA 42" and "SNORA42", as well as searches for the synonyms of this snoRNA (SNORA80E, box H/ACA 42 and ACA42). RESULT: From a total of 131 studies, seven were selected, in which it was possible to identify that SNORA42 interferes in several biological processes, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and signaling pathways. Among the signaling pathways, the p53 and NF-KappaB pathways stand out. Moreover, it is a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION: The summary of the main information about SNORA42 in the process of carcinogenesis and cancer progression shows that the use of this snoRNA is ideal for future applications in the field of oncology, in which it can be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to carry out new studies to consolidate the applicability of this molecule.