New progress in HBV control and the cascade of health care for people living with HBV in China: evidence from the fourth national serological survey, 2020.

Background: Since 1992, when recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in China, government health officials have used nationally representative serological surveys to monitor progress in prevention and control of hepatitis B. In 2020, we conducted the fourth seroepidemiological survey, which for the first time included medical evaluation of the clinical status of HBsAg positive subjects over the age of 15 and their medical management. We report survey results in comparison with the three previous surveys. Methods: Consistent with previous national surveys, the 2020 survey used a stratified, three-stage cluster random sampling method to select for evaluation 1-69-year-olds in 120 national disease surveillance points. Blood samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs), and anti-HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in the National Hepatitis Laboratory of the Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention of China CDC. HBsAg positive subjects aged ≥15-year were evaluated for evidence of liver disease, and through face-to-face questionnaire-based survey, we determined the healthcare management cascade of HBV-infected individuals. Findings: HBsAg prevalence in 1-69-year-olds was 5.86%; in children 1-4 years of age, seroprevalence was 0.30%; 75 million people were living with HBV nationwide. Among HBsAg-positive individuals 15 years and older, expert medical examination found that 78.03% were HBsAg carriers with no evidence of liver damage, 19.63% had chronic HBV with liver enzyme abnormalities, 0.84% had evidence of cirrhosis, and 0.15% had evidence of liver cancer. 59.78% of HBsAg + individuals were aware that they were positive before the survey, 30 million were unaware; 38.25% of those who knew they were positive (17 million) had medical indications for antiviral treatment, and 17.33% of these individuals (3 million) were being treated with antivirals. Interpretation: The decline in HBsAg prevalence in the general population, from 9.72% in 1992 to 5.86% in 2020, and in 1-4-year-olds from 9.67% in 1992 to 0.30% in 2020, shows progress that continues on track toward WHO targets for prevention of new infections. Implementation of acceptable strategies to identify infected individuals and offer long-term medical monitoring and management will be important to prevent complications from hepatitis B infection and for meeting WHO cascade-of-care targets. Funding: The study was funded by the Major Science and Technology Special Project of China's 13th 5-Year Plan (grant no. 2017ZX10105015); Central finance-operation of public health emergency response mechanism of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (131031001000200001, 102393220020010000017).

α­thalassemia deletion [­SEA (Southeast Asian)] and a compound heterozygote for the Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0/ßCD17­thalassemia mutation: A case report.

In the present study, an α­thalassemia deletion [­SEA (Southeast Asian)] and a compound heterozygote for the Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0/ßCD17­thalassemia mutation in a 15­year­old girl was identified by gap­PCR, PCR­reverse dot­blot hybridization and multiplex ligation­dependent probe amplification. Molecular analysis indicated that the proband's father carried a hemoglobin subunit ß (HBB) heterozygous mutation in codon 17 (CD17; c.52A>T), the mother was a double heterozygous carrier of the Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0­thalassemia mutation combined with an ­SEA deletion, and the proband inherited both mutations from her mother and father, thus carrying the Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0/ßCD17­thalassemia combined with the­SEA deletion in a compound heterozygous state. The proband was diagnosed as severe thalassemia intermedia and experienced a clinical phenotype aggravation (severe anemia and splenomegaly) from no obvious clinical symptoms to being dependent on monthly blood transfusions.

Prenatal diagnosis of a rare ß-thalassemia gene －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.-140 C>T) mutation associated with deletional Hb H disease (--SEA /-α4.2 ).

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease can be caused by compound heterozygosity for two different mutations or from homozygotes for mutations, and conventional genetic methods may lead to misdiagnosis when Hb H disease is combined with a rare ß-thalassemia. METHODS: Hematology parameters and hemoglobin electrophoresis analysis, gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) and reverse dot-blot hybridization (RDB-PCR) were employed to identify common α-thalassemia and Hb H disease. Rare ß-thalassemia mutations were detected by DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Hematological analysis and hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed a mild anemia α0 -thalassemia trait (Hb 90 g/L, MCV 71 fL, and MCH 22.7 pg) compound with ß+ -thalassemia trait (MCV 71 fL, MCH 22.7 pg, and HbA2 5.51%) for the pregnant woman. DNA sequencing for the ß-globin gene revealed rare a －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.-140 C>T) mutation for the woman. DNA analysis identified that the fetus inherited the α0 -thalassemia mutation [--SEA (Southeast Asian)] and a rare ß+ -thalassemia mutation －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.-140 C>T) from the mother, and the α+ -thalassemia mutation [-α4.2 (leftward)] from the father. CONCLUSION: We reported a rare －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.-140 C>T) mutation combined with the --SEA /-α4.2 in a family. This finding enriched the mutation spectrum of thalassemia molecular characteristics in China and emphasized the significance in DNA sequencing in mutation screening for the families with thalassemia.

Progress and Clinical Applications of Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet in Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Although the pharmacotherapies for Crohn’s disease are constantly updating, nutritional support and adjuvant therapies have recently gained more attention. Due to advancements in clinical nutrition, various clinical nutritional therapies are used to treat Crohn’s disease. Doctors treating inflammatory bowel disease can now offer several diets with more flexibility than ever. The Crohn’s disease exclusion diet is a widely used diet for patients with active Crohn’s disease. The Crohn’s disease exclusion diet requires both exclusion and inclusion. Periodic exclusion of harmful foods and inclusion of wholesome foods gradually improves a patient’s nutritional status. This article reviews the Crohn’s disease exclusion diet, including its structure, mechanisms, research findings, and clinical applications.

Advantages and disadvantages of ureteroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma / 现代泌尿外科杂志

Ureteroscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Conventional ureteroscopy (URS) can not only identify the location, appearance and size of a tumor, but also assess tumor grade by biopsy. The continued development of electronic flexible ureteroscopy and assistive technologies has led to further advances in the diagnosis of UTUC. Ureteroscopic laser ablation can be used to treat low grade malignancy, renal insufficiency, or isolated kidney. However, the use of URS may have potential risks such as delay of radical treatment, increased surgical difficulty, intraoperative or postoperative complications and intravesical recurrence. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of ureteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of UTUC.

Enteral nutrition support for lysinuric protein intolerance: a case report and literature review / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To summarize the clinical characteristics and nutrition therapy for children with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI).@*METHODS@#The clinical manifestations, laboratory test results and enteral nutrition treatment in a girl with LPI diagnosed in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were retrospective analyzed. Additionally, the data of the children with LPI reported in China and overseas were reviewed.@*RESULTS@#A case of 4-year-old girl was presented, who exhibited significant gastrointestinal symptoms, such as chronic abdominal distension, prolonged diarrhea, recurrent pneumonia, and limited growth. She had a poor response to anti-infection treatment. After receiving enteral nutrition therapy, she did not experience any gastrointestinal discomfort, and there were improvements in the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, and blood ammonia. Unfortunately, due to serious illness, she declined further treatment and later passed away. A total of 92 cases of pediatric patients with LPI have been reported to date, including one case reported in this study. Most children with LPI experienced disease onset after weaning or introduction of complementary foods, presenting with severe digestive system symptoms, malnutrition, and growth retardation. It is noteworthy that only 50% (46/92) of these cases received nutritional therapy, which effectively improved their nutritional status. Among the 92 children, 8 (9%) died, and long-term follow-up data were lacking in other reports.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LPI often involves the digestive system and may result in growth restriction with a poor prognosis. Nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in the comprehensive treatment of LPI.

Enteral nutrition support for lysinuric protein intolerance: a case report / 中华临床营养杂志

Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective plasma membrane transport of cationic amino acids (lysine, arginine, and ornithine). LPI is characterized by recurrent vomiting and diarrhea, coma following intake of protein-rich foods, and aversion to high-protein foods, further leading to malnutrition and even death. Some children with LPI also develop alveolar proteinosis. Nutrition support is an important part of treatment. Here we report a case of a 4-year-old girl with LPI, alveolar proteinosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cellular immune dysfunction, where nutrition support successfully improved her nutritional status. The relevant literatures are reviewed to provide guidance on the nutritional diagnosis and treatment of LPI.

The effect of Wendler Glottoplasty to elevate vocal pitch in transgender women / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Wendler Glottoplasty to elevate vocal pitch in transgender women. Methods: The voice parameters of pre-and 3-month post-surgery of 29 transgender women who underwent Wendler Glottoplasty in department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery of Beijing Friendship Hospital from January, 2017 to October, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The 29 transgender women ranged in age from 19-47 (27.0±6.3) years old. Subjective evaluation was performed using Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for Male to Female (TVQMtF). Objective parameters included fundamental frequency (F0), highest pitch, lowest pitch, habitual volume, Jitter, Shimmer, maximal phonation time (MPT), noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) and formants frequencies(F1, F2, F3, F4). SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistically analysis. Results: Three months after surgery, the score of TVQMtF was significantly decreased [(89.9±14.7) vs. (50.4±13.6), t=11.49, P<0.001]. The F0 was significantly elevated [(152.7±23.3) Hz vs. (207.7±45.9) Hz, t=-6.03, P<0.001]. Frequencies of F1, F2 and F3 were significantly elevated. No statistical difference was observed in the frequencies of F4. The highest pitch was not significantly altered while the lowest pitch was significantly elevated [(96.8±17.7) Hz vs. (120.0±28.9) Hz, t=-3.71, P=0.001]. Habitual speech volume was significantly increased [(60.0±5.2) dB vs. (63.6±9.6) dB, t=-2.12, P=0.043]. Jitter, Shimmer, NHR and MPT were not obviously altered (P>0.05). Conclusions: Wendler Glottoplasty could notably elevate the vocal pitch, formants frequencies and degree of vocal femininity in transgender women without affecting phonation ability and voice quality. It can be an effective treatment modality for voice feminization.

Effects of preoperative ureteroscopy on intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy of upper tract urothelial carcinoma / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of preoperative ureteroscopy (URS) on the intravesical recurrence (IVR) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). 【Methods】 The clinical data of 241 UTUC patients treated during May 2012 and Jan.2020 in the Second Hospital of Laozhou University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into URS before RNU group (URS group) and non-URS before RNU group (non-URS group). The cumulative IVR rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after RNU were compared, and the survival curve was drawn. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess risk factors affecting IVR. 【Results】 Of the 241 patients, 64 (26.6%) were included in the URS group and 177 (73.4%) in the non-URS group. In the URS group, 49 underwent biopsy and 15 did not. All patients were followed up for a median of 44 (3 to 122) months, with a median time to recurrence of 12 (3 to 56) months. IVR occurred in 18 patients (28.1%) in the URS group and 25 (14.1%) in the non-URS group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative IVR rate was higher in the URS group than in the non-URS group (all P<0.05), regardless of whether patients had a history of bladder cancer (BC) or not, while PFS was lower in the URS group than in the non-URS group (P=0.007). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that URS (P=0.031) and complicated renal pelvis tumor and ureteral tumor (P=0.004) were independent risk factors for IVR. 【Conclusion】 Preoperative URS increases the incidence of IVR in patients with UTUC, and routine preoperative use of URS is not recommended.

Familial bilateral pheochromocytoma: a case report / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Familial pheochromocytoma belongs to autosomal dominant inheritance, and has complex and variable clinical manifestations. A child with bilateral PHEO was admitted to our hospital. His grandmother, father and brother were all diagnosed with PHEO, and his aunt was diagnosed with paraganglioma. The child underwent laparoscopic left partial adrenalectomy and open surgery for the contralateral tumor, and was in good postoperative condition. The blood pressure returned to normal and there was no local recurrence and metastasis during the follow-up of 8 months after the second operation.

Risk factors for early neurological deterioration in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for early neurological deterioration(END)in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)after intravenous thrombolysis.Methods:Clinical data of 118 patients with AIS who had received thrombolysis were collected retrospectively.According to the occurrence of END, cases were divided into the END group(n=28)and the non-END group(n=90). Univariate analysis was used to compare general characteristics, clinical data, laboratory test results, TOAST classification, infarct location, and degree of culprit vessel stenosis between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors for END.Results:Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus and previous cerebral infarction was higher in the END group than in the non-END group( χ2=4.000 and 8.056, P=0.046 and 0.005). There were significant differences in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score, time from onset to thrombolysis, thrombolysis time, swallowing dysfunction, albumin, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), creatinine, total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and lipoprotein(a)levels between the two groups(all P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the two groups in TOAST classification, infarct location and degree of culprit vessel stenosis( χ2=13.109 and 9.509, Z=2.912, P=0.004, 0.023 and 0.004). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NIHSS score, HbA1c, cardiogenic stroke, degree of culprit vessel stenosis and leukocyte count on admission were independent risk factors for END( OR=1.122, 2.131, 1.965, 1.876 and 1.563, P=0.036, 0.024, 0.028, 0.030 and 0.041). Conclusions:NIHSS score, HbA1c, cardiogenic stroke, degree of culprit vascular stenosis and leukocyte count on admission are independent risk factors for END, which should be closely monitored and managed with well formulated preventive measures in order to improve the prognosis of AIS patients.

Analysis of medication characteristics of 66 preventive formulae for COVID-19 in China / 中草药

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious threat to the lives and health of our people, but there is currently no clear target for therapeutic drugs. Therefore, prevention is of great significance for the prevention and control of COVID-19. The Health Management Administration of the different provinces and cities have successively released the “Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Programs for New Coronavirus Pneumonia” in response to the epidemic situation, among them including preventive prescriptions, which showed the theoretical characteristics of “treating disease before its onset” of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and also showed the characteristics of medication in different provinces. Therefore, we collected 66 formulas for treating COVID-19 in China and studied the rules of TCM prevention in various provinces and autonomous regions, and unified the thinking of medication, which could provide a reference for the prevention of COVID-19a.

Pharmacological Analysis of Xuanfei Huazhuo Prescription in Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The targets and signaling pathways of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription (XFHZP) for the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were explored, and its possible action mechanisms were described through network pharmacology and basic analysis of modern pharmacology. Method:The compounds and targets in XFHZP were collected through TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. The targets of COVID-19 were studied by GeneCards, NCBI and CTD databases. The PPI network was constructed through STRING database. The networks of "herb-meridian" and "traditional Chinese medicines-compounds-targets-disease" were generated by Cytoscape 3.7.0. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis and Gene Ontology（GO） analysis were made for shared targets through the Omicshare platform. In addition, the disease targets of multiple organ injury, immune injury and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were retrieved and then mapped with XFHZP. The ratio of intersection targets to XFHZP's targets was calculated. Result:XFHZP has 10 traditional Chinese medicines in total, including 6 medicines with the meridian tropism to lung, 5 medicines with the meridian tropism to the spleen and 5 medicines with the meridian tropism to the stomach. There were 409 compounds and 2 271 targets. There were 8 same inflammatory factors in targets between XFHZP and COVID-19, and each inflammatory factor corresponded to multiple compounds. XFHZP and COVID-19 had 135 intersection targets, and 36 key targets were screened out. A total of 172 signaling pathways were screened out through KEGG signal pathway enrichment (P<0.05). There were 4 000 biological processes, 254 cell components, and 408 molecular functions (P<0.05) according to GO analysis. XFHZP had many common targets with various organ damage targets and immune damage targets, with the ratio of about 7.6%-97.8%. XFHZP had 173 intersection targets with SARS. Conclusion:XFHZP may treat COVID-19 through anti-inflammatory, organ protecting and immune effects. It will provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of drugs for COVID-19.

Analysis of MRI features and prognosis for minor stroke and nonGminor stroke of anterior circulation in plateau / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the MRI manifestations and analyze the prognostic factors of patients with anterior circulation minor stroke and nonGminor stroke in Qinghai plateau.Methods 41 6 cases of the first admission,including 1 9 2 patients with minor stroke and 224 patients with nonGminor stroke.MRI and MRA examinations of the head were completed in all patients within 72 h of admission.Patients were followed up for one year to observe the recurrence of stroke,and the quality of life was evaluated with the help of modified Rankin Scale (MRS)scores.Results (1)MRA showed that 36.98% of the minor stroke and 58.93% of the nonGminor stroke had the stenosis of the responsible artery at the infarction site.The difference was significant (χ2＝ 1 9.94,P＜ 0.00 1 ).(2 )MRI showed that the initial infarction sites of minor stroke and nonGminor stroke were different (χ2＝4.47 ,P＜0.005 ).(3 )The recurrence rate was 10.42% in minor stroke and 12.05% in nonGminor stroke.There was no significance between the two groups (χ2＝ 0.28,P＞0.05).(4) Among patients with poor prognostic outcomes (whose MRS≥3),there were 1 9 cases of minor stroke and 6 1 cases of nonGminor stroke,and the difference was significant (χ2＝20.00,P＜0.0 1 ).Conclusion LesionGrelated vascular stenosis in patients with minor stroke is mild and the primary infarction is more common in isolated subcortical or deep white matter.The stenosis is severe in patients with nonGminor stroke,and the infarct lesion is often subcortical with or without cortical or deep white matter.There is no difference in recurrence risk between minor stroke and nonGminor stroke.The prognosis of minor stroke is better than that of nonGminor stroke.

Relationship between apolipoprotein E genepolymorphism and cerebrovascular disease in Tibetan people in Qinghai province / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To discuss the correlation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism with cerebral infarction (CI)and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) among Tibetan nationality with cerebrovascular diseases in Qinghai Province, seek the differences in each allele of ApoE in Tibetan nationality. Methods The data from a total of 94 patients with cerebrovascular diseases was collected from the people's hospital of qinghai province, the people's hospital of guoluo prefecture , and the people's hospital of yushu prefecture as the cerebrovascular disease group, including 48 cases of cerebral infarction. There were 46 cases of cerebral hemorrhage. A total of 96 healthy Tibetan subjects were selected as the control group. DNA was extracted from all subjects. Real－time PCR was used to detect ApoE. The correlation between ApoE genotype and cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage was analyzed. Results E2/E3 gene was common in Tibetan nationality with cerebrovascular diseases. E2/E3 genotype accounted for 50% in cerebral infarction group. E2/E3 (65.2%) was the most common in intracerebral hemorrhage group. E2/E4 (64.6%) was the most common in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01). In the Tibetan population, ε3 allele genome (48.0%) was the most common in cerebral infarction group and ε2(43.5%) were the most common alleles in intracerebral hemorrhage group. In the normal control group, ε4 (49.0%) was the most common allele. Conclusion E2/E3 genotype may be related to cerebrovascular diseases. ε3 allele may be the susceptible factor of cerebral infarction wherase ε4 may be the protective factor of cerebrovascular diseases in Tibetan population.

Effect of seasonal and meteorological factors on the onset of stroke in Qinghai Plateau area / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of seasonal and meteorological factors on the onset of stroke in Qinghai Plateau area.Methods Patients with stroke admitted to Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from December 1,2011 to November 30,2016 were enrolled retrospectively.The meteorological data provided by Qinghai Meteorological Bureau were used to analyze the distribution of the number of cases in different seasons in Qinghai area and the relationship between the incidence of stroke and plateau meteorological factors.Results A total of 9 412 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled,aged 15～95 years.There were significant statistical differences in the number of cases of ischemic stroke,cerebral hemorrhage,and subarachnoid hemorrhage in different seasons (all P ＜ 0.05).Among them,the number of cases with ischemic stroke increased first and then gradually decreased with the changes of spring,summer,fall and winter,while cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing gradually.There were significant differences in the number of cases in different relative humidity,temperature,and temperature differences (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are seasonal differences in the incidence of stroke in the plateau area,which may be associated with the influence of plateau meteorological factors.

Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on voltage-gated K+channel proteins and cytokines in the infarcted myocardium of rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation can effectively improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. However, few reports have been issued on myocardial electrophysiology after BMSCs transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of BMSCs transplantation on voltage-gated K+channel protein and myocardial infarction-related cytokines, thereby providing basic evidence for further exploration on the mechanism underlying arrhythmia in myocardial infarction due to BMSCs transplantation. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats, SPF grade, were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, model group, cell culture medium group and BMSCs group. The myocardial infarction model was created in rats by permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery. At 15-20 minutes after surgery, BMSCs (100 μL, 1×106) or cell culture medium (100 μL) was injected at four sites in the peri-infarct zone. Four weeks after cell therapy, cardiac samples were taken, the pathological morphology of the infarcted myocardium was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the infarct size was calculated; the expression levels of voltage-gated K+channel proteins Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured by western blot assay; and the expression levels of apoptotic factor (Caspase-3), autophagy factor (Bcl-2), nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase were tested by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group and cell culture medium group, the infarct size decreased in the BMSCs group (P < 0.05); the expression levels of cTnT, Kv1.5 and superoxide dismutase increased (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Kv1.2 decreased (P < 0.05) in the BMSCs group. In summary, BMSCs transplantation can promote the expression of voltage-gated K+channel proteins, and improve anti-oxidation capacity of the myocardium and decrease apoptosis and autophagy.

Ultrasonographic Measurement of Vocal Fold Length and Cricothyroid Distance for Transsexual Pitch Raising Surgery / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To assess true vocal fold (TVF) length and cricothyroid distance(CTD) with ultrasonography in male-to-female (MtF)transsexual voice surgery.Methods Five MtF transsexuals were divided into two groups according to their voice change surgery methods.High-frequency ultrasonography was used to measure the length of true vocal folds and cricothyroid distance.Measurements were compared pre-and post-surgery, and correlations with fundamental frequency (F0) were analyzed.Results The ultrasonography measurements clearly showed the laryngeal structure and TVF measurement marks.After vocal fold shortening and retrodisplacement of anterior commissure(VFSRAC) surgery, the ultrasonographic measurements showed that the shortening length of TVF were 0.37 cm(21%),0.69 cm(37%) and 0.40 cm(25%), respectively.The CTD in ultrasonographicimages were 1.0 cm pre-surgery of cricothyroid approximation (CTA) and-0.33 post-surgery of CTA.The displacement of cricoid cartilage was 1.33 cm, which was consistent with the laryngeal CT image.Conclusion Both TVF length and CTD can be shown by high-frequency ultrasonography, which can be used to quantitatively assessment and follow-up MtF transsexual voice surgery.

Effects of constant light exposure on obesity in high fat diet rats / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To observe the effects of constant light exposure on the obesity in high fat diet rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:rats on a normal chow exposed to standard light-dark cycle ( group A) , rats on a normal chow exposed to constant light ( group B) , rats on a high fat diet exposed to standard light-dark cycle ( group C) , and rats on a high fat diet exposed to constant light ( group D) . Body weights and food intakes were recorded weekly throughout the 12-week study. Body weight, fat mass, visceral adipose tissue weight, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test ( IPGTT) results, insulin resistance parameters, serum lipids and levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were compared among groups. Epididymal adipose tissues mRNA expression of circadian clock genes, i. e. clock, bmal1, rorα, rev-erbα, cry1, per1, and per2 were analyzed by realtime PCR. Results From the 9th week, body weights of rats in group D were significantly higher than those in group C (all P<0. 05). At the 12th week, area under curve of IPGTT (AUC-IPGTT) in groups B, C, and D were significantly higher than that in group A. AUC-IPGTT in group D was significantly higher than that in group C (all P<0.05). Compared with group C,asignificant increase in fat mass,visceral adipose tissue weight,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, serum cholesterol, TNF-α levels were observed in group D ( all P<0. 05). And a significant decrease in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ( QUICKI) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were observed in group D in comparison with group C (both P<0. 05). Circadian clock genes (clock, rorα, rev-erbα, cry1, per1) mRNA expressions in group B and D were significantly different from those in group A (all P<0. 05) . Expression of cry1 in group D was significantly higher than that in group C. In group C, rev-erbαmRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in comparison with group A (P<0. 05). Conclusion Constant light exposure exaggerates obesity, glycolipid metabolism abnormality, inflammation, and insulin resistance in high fat diet rats.

Role of GSK-3βactivity and microglial TLR4 receptor in POCD / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore glycogen synthase kinase -3β( GSK-3β) activity and Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) proteins expression of microglia were tested in vitro experiments, and the possible mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD).Methods The cell morphology of primary culture microglia was observed by inverted microscope;microglia were identified by glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) immunofluorescence;the best POCD modeling conditions of microglia injury induced by lipopolysaccharides( LPS) were screened ; microglia vigor was assayed by MTT ; the proteins expressions of GSK-3βand TLR4 of microglia were detected by Western blot.Results GFAP immunofluorescence showed a positive result that primary culture of rat microglia was successful;MTT result showed that the best PODC modeling conditions of microglia injury induced by LPS (100 ng/mL) was 7h; Western blot results showed that the preotein expressions of GSK-3βand TLR4 of microglial cells were up-regulated by LPS compared with the control group,and there were significantly differences (P<0.01).Conclusion PODC pathogenesis may be associated with LPS that could up-regulat the protein expression of GSK-3βand TLR4 in microglial cells.