Designing Efficient Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts for High-Performance Hydrogen Production: A Comprehensive Evaluation Strategy.

Developing abundant Earth-element and high-efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production is crucial in effectively reducing the cost of green hydrogen production. Herein, a strategy by comprehensively considering the computational chemical indicators for H* adsorption/desorption and dehydrogenation kinetics to evaluate the hydrogen evolution performance of electrocatalysts is proposed. Guided by the proposed strategy, a series of catalysts are constructed through a dual transition metal doping strategy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and experimental chemistry demonstrate that cobalt-vanadium co-doped Ni3N is an exceptionally ideal catalyst for hydrogen production from electrolyzed alkaline water. Specifically, Co,V-Ni3N requires only 10 and 41 mV in alkaline electrolytes and alkaline seawater, respectively, to achieve a hydrogen evolution current density of 10 mA cm-2. Moreover, it can operate steadily at a large industrial current density of 500 mA cm-2 for extended periods. Importantly, this evaluation strategy is extended to single-metal-doped Ni3N and found that it still exhibits significant universality. This study not only presents an efficient non-precious metal-based electrocatalyst for water/seawater electrolysis but also provides a significant strategy for the design of high-performance catalysts of electrolyzed water.

Is diet related to skin condition? A Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have revealed associations between various dietary factors and skin conditions. However, the causal relationship between diet and skin condition is still unknown. Data on 17 dietary factors were obtained from the UK Biobank. Data on four skin conditions were derived from the UK Biobank and another large-scale GWAS study. Genetic predictions suggested that the intake of oily fish was associated with a lower risk of skin aging (OR: 0.962, P = 0.036) and skin pigmentation (OR: 0.973, P = 0.033); Tea intake was associated with a lower risk of skin pigmentation (OR: 0.972, P = 0.024); Salad/raw vegetables intake was associated with a lower risk of keratinocyte skin cancer (OR: 0.952, P = 0.007). Coffee intake was associated with increased risk of skin aging (OR: 1.040, P = 0.028); Pork intake was associated with increased risk of skin aging (OR: 1.134, P = 0.020); Beef intake was associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma (OR: 1.013, P = 0.016); Champagne plus white wine intake was associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma (OR: 1.033, P = 0.004); Bread intake was associated with increased risk of keratinocyte skin cancer (OR: 1.026, P = 0.013). Our study results indicate causal relationships between genetically predicted intake of oily fish, tea, salad/raw vegetables, coffee, pork, beef, champagne plus white wine, and bread and skin conditions.

Specific binding of GPR174 by endogenous lysophosphatidylserine leads to high constitutive Gs signaling.

Many orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain understudied because their endogenous ligands are unknown. Here, we show that a group of class A/rhodopsin-like orphan GPCRs including GPR61, GPR161 and GPR174 increase the cAMP level similarly to fully activated D1 dopamine receptor (D1R). We report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the GPR61‒Gs, GPR161‒Gs and GPR174‒Gs complexes without any exogenous ligands. The GPR174 structure reveals that endogenous lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) is copurified. While GPR174 fails to respond to exogenous lysoPS, likely owing to its maximal activation by the endogenous ligand, GPR174 mutants with lower ligand binding affinities can be specifically activated by lysoPS but not other lipids, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GPR174 adopts a non-canonical Gs coupling mode. The structures of GPR161 and GPR61 reveal that the second extracellular loop (ECL2) penetrates into the orthosteric pocket, possibly contributing to constitutive activity. Our work definitively confirms lysoPS as an endogenous GPR174 ligand and suggests that high constitutive activity of some orphan GPCRs could be accounted for by their having naturally abundant ligands.