10-year Trend of Lifestyle Changing Instruction for Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients at Discharge in China / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To assess the trend of lifestyle changing instruction for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients at discharge in China from 2001-2011. Methods: Based on national representative data of China PEACE retrospective AMI study and the number of instructions AMI patients received at discharge, our research was classified into 3 groups: no instruction group, (1-2) instructions group and (3-5) instructions group. We described the instruction rates in different groups with 10-year trend and no instruction status in 5 regions of eastern urban, central/western urban, eastern rural, central rural, and western rural. In addition, we reported the instruction rates of diet consulting, exercise consulting, blood lipid evaluation, smoking cessation, and weight control with 10-year trend. Results: A total of 16100 medical records of AMI from 162 hospitals were enrolled. No instruction rates at discharge were 76.6%, 65.7% and 54.4% in 2001, 2006 and 2011, respectively, Ptrend<0.001. The proportion for receiving (1-2) instruction(s) at discharge increased from 23.2% in 2001 to 42.9% in 2011, Ptrend<0.001; the rate for receiving (3-5) instructions was 2.7% in 2011.No instruction rates in 5 regions were from 47.1% to 69.5%; no instruction rates in central and western rural regions had little changes during the 10-year period, Ptrend=0.11 and Ptrend=0.10, respectively; no instruction rates in the rest 3 regions showed decreasing trend, all Ptrend<0.001. Most of the single instruction rates for lifestyle changing increased from 2001 to 2011, diet consulting were 16.6%, 27.8%, and 38.3% respectively, Ptrend<0.001; exercise consulting were 9.2%, 10.9% and 14.3% respectively, Ptrend<0.001; from 2001 to 2011, blood lipids evaluation was increased from 0.9% to 11.9%; smoking cessation increased from 2.2% to 8.8%, both Ptrend<0.001; however the weight control rate was 1.3% in 2011, which was had little change within 10 years, Ptrend=0.32.

Optimal Factors of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Predicting Corticospinal Tract Injury in Patients with Brain Tumors

OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal factors in diffusion tensor imaging for predicting corticospinal tract (CST) injury caused by brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 33 patients with motor weakness and 64 patients with normal motor function. The movement of the CST, minimum distance between the CST and the tumor, and relative fractional anisotropy (rFA) of the CST on diffusion tensor imaging, were compared between patients with motor weakness and normal function. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the optimal factor predicting motor weakness. RESULTS: In patients with motor weakness, the displacement (8.44 ± 6.64 mm) of the CST (p = 0.009), minimum distance (3.98 ± 7.49 mm) between the CST and tumor (p < 0.001), and rFA (0.83 ± 0.11) of the CST (p < 0.001) were significantly different from those of the normal group (4.64 ± 6.65 mm, 14.87 ± 12.04 mm, and 0.98 ± 0.05, respectively) (p = 0.009, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001). The frequencies of patients with the CST passing through the tumor (6%, p = 0.002), CST close to the tumor (23%, p < 0.001), CST close to a malignant tumor (high grade glioma, metastasis, or lymphoma) (19%, p < 0.001), and CST passing through infiltrating edema (19%, p < 0.001) in the motor weakness group, were significantly different from those of the patients with normal motor function (0, 8, 1, and 10%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased rFA and CST close to a malignant tumor were effective variables related to motor weakness. CONCLUSION: Decreased fractional anisotropy, combined with closeness of a malignant tumor to the CST, is the optimal factor in predicting CST injury caused by a brain tumor.

cAMP induction by ouabain promotes endothelin-1 secretion via MAPK/ERK signaling in beating rabbit atria

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) participates in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, including the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). Ouabain, used in the treatment of several heart diseases, is known to increase cAMP levels but its effects on the atrium are not understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ouabain on the regulation of atrial cAMP production and its roles in atrial endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in isolated perfused beating rabbit atria. Our results showed that ouabain (3.0 micromol/L) significantly increased atrial dynamics and cAMP levels during recovery period. The ouabain-increased atrial dynamics was blocked by KB-R7943 (3.0 micromol/L), an inhibitor for reverse mode of Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchangers (NCX), but did not by L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1.0 micromol/L) or protein kinase A (PKA) selective inhibitor H-89 (3.0 micromol/L). Ouabain also enhanced atrial intracellular cAMP production in response to forskolin and theophyline (100.0 micromol/L), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, potentiated the ouabain-induced increase in cAMP. Ouabain and 8-Bromo-cAMP (0.5 micromol/L) markedly increased atrial ET-1 secretion, which was blocked by H-89 and by PD98059 (30 micromol/L), an inhibitor of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) without changing ouabain-induced atrial dynamics. Our results demonstrated that ouabain increases atrial cAMP levels and promotes atrial ET-1 secretion via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signaling pathway. These findings may explain the development of cardiac hypertrophy in response to digitalis-like compounds.

Genotypes of adenoviruses in infants and young children with diarrhea / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of adenoviruses (AdV) and their genotypes in infants and young children with diarrhea.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 380 children with diarrhea aged less than 3 years were enrolled. The genomic DNA was extracted from stool and PCR was used to detect AdV. Clone sequencing and genotyping were performed for DNA in AdV-positive specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AdV was detected in 24 out of 380 specimens, and the detection rate was 6.3% (24/380). A majority of children with positive AdV were aged 2-3 years. The viral sequence analysis of positive specimens showed that the detection rates of enteric AdV41 and non-enteric AdV were 4.2% (16/380) and 2.1% (8/380), respectively, and among the children with non-enteric AdV, there were 2 with AdV1, 2 with AdV2, 1 with AdV7, 2 with AdV12, and 1 with AdV31.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Diarrhea caused by AdV is commonly seen in children aged 2-3 years, and AdV41 is the major predominant strain.</p>

Seasonal variation of blood pressure and related factors in Chinese adults: a survey of over 50 000 people in Suzhou, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Seasonal variation in blood pressure had been observed in several studies on Western populations, but uncertainty remains about the strength of the relationship in other populations and the extent to which it was modified by other factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was based on cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study with 53 260 men and women from the Suzhou area involved. Linear regression model was used to analyze the association of blood pressure with outdoor temperature-overall and in various subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Blood pressure varied with the seasons, ascending in winter and descending in summer. The difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between summer and winter was 8.8 mm Hg in men and 7.0 mm Hg in women. SBP was inversely correlated with outdoor temperature, especially above 10°C, with every 10°C colder temperature causing 6.1 mm Hg increase of SBP. The seasonal variation in SBP was more obviously seen in older people and in those with lower body mass index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blood pressure was strongly and inversely associated with outdoor temperature in the population in Suzhou area. Seasonal variation of blood pressure should be considered when the hypertension screening programs, clinical management and data management on hypertensive patients.</p>