The effect of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on bone homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

The autoimmune disease known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been linked to the deterioration of bone. Bone erosion is a hallmark of RA and is linked to the severity of the disease as well as a poor functional result. Erosion of periarticular cortical bone is a common feature seen on plain radiographs of patients with RA. This characteristic feature is the result of excessive bone resorption and inadequate formation of bone. It has been determined that there is a complex interaction between the inflammatory condition seen in RA and bone destruction. Increased knowledge of the pathways and other mechanisms involved in osteoclastogenesis has resulted from advances in both animal and clinical investigations. Also, Biological and targeted medicines have modified RA's bone metabolism. Here, we provide a narrative overview of the literature on the pathomechanisms of bone structure involved in biological and targeted treatments for RA and also, the clinical implications of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are discussed. In light of the fact that these newer treatments present patients with RA with new possibilities for disease improvement and symptom control, it is imperative that additional rigorous evidence be gathered to provide a clinical reference for both patients and their treating physicians.

Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of a Persian Version of the Forgotten Joint Score in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Objectives: The increasing number of total hip arthroplasties (THA) has led to increased patient demands and expectations, making it crucial to assess patients' ability to "forget" their implants in daily life. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of a Persian version of the Forgotten Joint Score (P-FJS) in THA patients. Methods: The questionnaire was translated bidirectionally with the permission of the questionnaire designer. Data were collected from 2018 to 2020 and included 142 patients who had undergone THA by the same surgeon at least one year ago. Participants completed the FJS questionnaire twice within a one-week interval, and the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the questionnaires were assessed using statistical tests on the HHS and OHS forms completed by all participants. Results: In 142 patients (52.1% male) with a mean age of 65 ± 0.5 years who answered the questionnaires, P-FJS correlated strongly with OHS and HHS. The internal consistency (α = 0.91) and reproducibility of the questionnaire were excellent. None of the floor and ceiling effects were detected. Conclusion: The P-FJS questionnaire in the THA is considered a legitimate, repeatable, and self-administered survey that can be compared to its English-language counterpart. In addition, it is noteworthy that this version does not show any floor or ceiling effects.

Bisphenol A interacts with DLGAP5 and regulates IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to promote tumorigenesis and progression of osteosarcoma.

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that Bisphenol A (BPA), a high-production-volume industrial chemical, can accelerate the development of various type of cancers. However, the effect of BPA on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be established. Therefore, in this study we tried to explore the carcinogenic effects of BPA on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: SaOs-2 cancer cell line was used to treat with BPA at the doses of 0.1, 1, 10 µM DGLAP5 knockdown and overexpression methods were constructed by using adenovirus mediated transfection, and the functional analysis of DGLAP5 was investigated to evaluate the carcinogenic effect of BPA on osteosarcoma through DLGAP5. Xenograft and metastatic mouse model were used to evaluate in vivo experiments. RESULTS: In this study, BPA at 10 µM promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and accelerate the progression and metastasis in vivo. Also, exposure to BPA was associated with poor survival of osteosarcoma in mice. In addition, we observed that BPA at 10 µM significantly increased the expression of DGLAP5 in osteosarcoma. Silencing DGLAP5 could reverse the effect of BPA on proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanically, BPA promoted IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 expression and promoted tumor progression in an IL-6-dependent manner through up-regulation of DLGAP5. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that BPA could promote the proliferation, migration, invasion of osteosarcoma cells and related to poor survival in a mouse model. DLGAP5 is one of the most critical targets of BPA to act as a carcinogen through IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

A Modified Technique for Artificial Fusion in Unreconstructable Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Knee arthrodesis is an acceptable treatment that leads to a stable joint with a lower rate of recurrence of infection in periprosthetic joint infections. One of the major problems in some revision cases is the bone loss that interferes with the bony union; therefore, some studies suggest artificial arthrodesis, which does not require bony union. The present descriptive retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients with periprosthetic joint infection complications. Patient satisfaction was evaluated after artificial arthrodesis, based on the visualized analog scale score and Oxford Knee Score. The mean Oxford Knee Score was 28, and the mean limb length discrepancy was 11 mm. In this new method, the length of hospitalization and leg length discrepancy was reduced, limb alignment and rotation was adjustable, and periprosthetic joint infection was controlled in nearly all patients.

Designing an Engineered Construct Gene Sensitive to Carbohydrate In-vitro and Candidate for Human Insulin Gene Therapy In-vivo.

Diabetes is a common disorder worldwide, and exhaustive efforts have been made to cure this disease. Gene therapy has been considered as a potential curative method that has had more stability in comparison with other pharmaceutical methods. However, the application of gene therapy as a definitive treatment demands further investigation. This study is aimed to prepare a suitable high- performance vector for gene therapy in diabetes mellitus. The designed vector has had prominent characteristics, such as directed replacement, which makes it a suitable method for treating or preventing other genetic disorders. The whole rDNA sequence of the human genome was scanned. The 800 bp two homology arms were digested by EcoRI, synthesized and cloned into the pGEM-B1 plasmid (prokaryotic moiety). The carbohydrate sensitive promoter, L-pyruvate kinase, and insulin gene were sub-cloned between homologous arms (eukaryotic moiety). The PGEM-B1 plasmid was digested by EcoRI, and the eukaryotic fragments were purified and transfected into Hela cell and then cultured. Afterward, the 300 µg/mL of glucose were added to the culture medium. Insulin expression in the transfected cells with 200 and 400 ng of the construct in comparison with negative control was detected using western blot and ELISA methods. Results have shown insulin expression in different glucose concentrates.