RESUMEN
The presence of serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM and Anti-HBc total) was investigated in the serum of 1,396 individuals who had clinical suspect of hepatitis. It was observed that 50.7% of the individuals were positive and, from the total of the studied individuals, 14.5% were positive for HBsAg. From these, 8.5% were also positive for anti-HBc IgM. The analysis in relation to gender showed a higher seroprevalence index among male individuals (p < 0.0001). It was observed the occurrence of subtypes adw2 (62.7%), ayw3 (23.5%), ayw2 (9.8%) and adw4 (3.9%). The viral DNA was detected in 61 (33.9%) HBsAg positive samples and in one sample positive only for anti-HBc total. These results indicate an important incidence of the HBV infection in this population, and reinforce previous studies regarding this virus in the central west region of Brazil.
Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Hepatitis B/sangre , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Since October 2001, the Adolfo Lutz Institute has been receiving vesicular fluids and scab specimens of patients from Paraíba Valley region in the São Paulo and Minas Gerais States and from São Patricio Valley, in the Goiás State. Epidemiological data suggested that the outbreaks were caused by Cowpox virus or Vaccinia virus. Most of the patients are dairy milkers that had vesiculo-pustular lesions on the hands, arms, forearms, and some of them, on the face. Virus particles with orthopoxvirus morphology were detected by direct electron microscopy (DEM) in samples of 49 (66.21%) patients of a total of 74 analyzed. Viruses were isolated in Vero cell culture and on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs. Among 21 samples submitted to PCR using primers for hemagglutinin (HA) gene, 19 were positive. Restriction digestion with TaqI resulted in four characteristic Vaccinia virus fragments. HA nucleotide sequences showed 99.9% similarity with Cantagalo virus, described as a strain of Vaccinia virus. The only difference observed was the substitution of one nucleotide in the position 616 leading to change in one amino acid of the protein in the position 206. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates clustered together with Cantagalo virus, other Vaccinia strains and Rabbitpox virus.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Virus Vaccinia/aislamiento & purificación , Vaccinia/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil/epidemiología , Embrión de Pollo , Niño , Chlorocebus aethiops , Membrana Corioalantoides , Femenino , Genes Virales/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Vaccinia/diagnóstico , Virus Vaccinia/clasificación , Virus Vaccinia/genética , Virus Vaccinia/ultraestructura , Células VeroRESUMEN
A partir de outubro de 2001, o Instituto Adolfo Lutz tem recebido amostras de líquido vesicular e crostas de lesões de pele de pacientes das regiões do Vale do Paraíba, Estado de São Paulo e do Vale do São Patricio, Estado de Goiás. Os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos sugeriam que os surtos poderiam ser causados por Cowpox virus ou Vaccinia virus. A maioria dos pacientes era ordenhadores que tinham lesões vesicopustulares nas mãos, braços, antebraços e alguns na face. A análise por microscopia eletrônica direta (MED) detectou partículas com morfologia de vírus do gênero Orthopoxvirus em amostras de 49 (66,21%) pacientes dos 74 analisados. Os vírus foram isolados em membrana corioalantóide (MCA) de ovo embrionado de galinha e em linhagem celular Vero com confirmação por MED e PCR. Das 21 amostras de lesões submetidas ao PCR utilizando iniciadores para o gene da hemaglutinina (HA), 19 foram positivas. A digestão por enzima de restrição TaqI resultou em quatro fragmentos característicos de Vaccinia virus. A análise nucleotídica do seqüenciamento revelou que esses vírus apresentam 99,9% de similaridade com o Cantagalo virus, descrito como uma cepa de Vaccinia virus, havendo apenas alteração de um nucleotídeo na posição 616 com mudança de um aminoácido na proteína na posição 206. A análise filogenética mostrou que os isolados se agruparam junto aos Cantagalo virus, outras cepas de Vaccinia virus e Rabbitpox virus.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embrión de Pollo , Brotes de Enfermedades , Vaccinia , Virus Vaccinia , Distribución por Edad , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Chlorocebus aethiops , Genes Virales , Microscopía Electrónica , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Virus Vaccinia , Células VeroRESUMEN
The presence of serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM and Anti-HBc total) was investigated in the serum of 1,396 individuals who had clinical suspect of hepatitis. It was observed that 50.7 percent of the individuals were positive and, from the total of the studied individuals, 14.5 percent were positive for HBsAg. From these, 8.5 percent were also positive for anti-HBc IgM. The analysis in relation to gender showed a higher seroprevalence index among male individuals (p < 0.0001). It was observed the occurrence of subtypes adw2 (62.7 percent), ayw3 (23.5 percent), ayw2 (9.8 percent) and adw4 (3.9 percent). The viral DNA was detected in 61 (33.9 percent) HBsAg positive samples and in one sample positive only for anti-HBc total. These results indicate an important incidence of the HBV infection in this population, and reinforce previous studies regarding this virus in the central west region of Brazil