Body composition is associated with bone and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased fracture risk; the underlying mechanism remains unexplained. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between body composition and bone and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. A total of 68 postmenopausal women with T2DM and 71 controls were eligible for the study. In contrast to normal BMD in T2DM, a similar prevalence of low-trauma fractures was observed in both groups. T2DM women had significantly higher Trunk fat% and A/G ratio and significantly lower Legs LM% and Legs FM%. Legs LM% was significantly lower in fractured T2DM group and negatively correlated with glycaemia and HbA1c (p<0.01). Serum osteocalcin was significantly lower in T2DM and inversely correlated with FM%, Trunk FM% and A/G ratio (p<0.01) and positively correlated with Legs FM% and total LM% (p<0.05). In conclusion, abdominal obesity and decrease in muscle mass may contribute to low bone formation in T2DM women. Further research is needed to unravel underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to determine whether maintenance of muscle mass, especially in the lower extremities and/or reduction of central fat mass can prevent fractures.

[Incidence of recurrent aphthae among children with gastrointestinal diseases]. / Chestota na ertsidivirashtite afti pri detsa sus stomashno-chrevni zaboliavaniia.

Recurrent aphthae is rather often disease during infantjuvenile age. The aphthous alterations on mucosa of the oral cavity could be of various etiology. They could be symptoms of a general aphthosis (recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behçet's disease, Turen disease), an individual manifestation of allergic states, manifestation of immuno-deficiency states as well as secondary stomatitis during some general diseases. The present study presents information of the incidence of recurrent aphthae during various gastrointestinal diseases which progress with often alterations of oral cavity mucosa.

[Microbiological study on subgingival dental plaque in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis after metronidazole effect]. / Mikrobiologichno prouchvane na subgingivalna zubna plaka pri detsa s khronichen kataralen gingivit sled vuzdeistvie s metronidazol.

Clinical and bacteriological studies on sublingual dental plaque have been carried out on 60 juveniles (from 13 to 16 years of age) with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. The therapeutic schedule covers local metronidazol treatment, combined with oral hygiene (OH) and instructions and control for maintenance of OH at home. The results reveal that metronidazol had an excellent antianaerobic action, though the mechanical removal and optimal OH are particularly important for the good clinical results.

[On the problem of diagnostics and treatment of herpetic infection in the oral cavity]. / Kum vuprosa za diagnosgikata i lecheniego na kherpetichnite infektsii v ustnata kukhina.

A clinical case of herpetic manifestation in the mouth is described as a grave gingivostomatitis in a child aged 12. Chronology and symptomatics of the disease are analyzed in details as well as the difficulties both in diagnostics and treatment. Some important moments are discussed that usually aggravate the clinical picture and the treatment of similar conditions--including an antibiotic from penivillin group in the treatment, the presence of cutting teeth with inflammatory alterations around them, extraction. All possible diseases in the oral cavity are analyzed that could give a similar symptomatics as well as the tactics of the stomatologist until making the final diagnosis. The diagnosis was ex juvantibus elucidated Symptomatic treatment was carried out and paraclinical examinations performed enabling the authors to make the diagnosis recurrent herpetic infection with not typical course upon the oral mucosa induced by the virus of herpes simplex, type I.