[Differential diagnosis of focal osteoplastic masses in the lung of miners].

The paper reviews literature on the current aspects of the diagnosis and expert appraisal of focal osteoplastic masses in the lung upon dust exposure to dust factors. It considers different aspects of the pathogenesis of osteoplastic changes in the tissue structural elements of pulmonary histione. Current views on the prevalence, etiology, and pathogenesis, as well as morphological changes in the development of this abnormality, its association with the dust damaging effects of human activities are reflected.

[FEDERAL CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS].

The purpose of development of this clinical practice guidelines was to provide evidence-based protocols that help the practitioner and the patient make the right decision for the health assessment, treatment and prevention of pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is the interstitial lung disease of occupational origin caused by prolonged inhalation of inorganic dust, characterized by chronic diffuse aseptic inflammation in lung tissue with the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, thereare no treatment that provide a cure pulmonary fibrosis and changes in the dynamics of decline in lung function. Regular, individually tailored treatment should be directed to the pathogenic mechanisms and some clinical symptoms of pneumoconiosis, as well as the prevention of complications. To enhance the effect of pharmacotherapy is recommended to use non-drug therapies that enhance the functionality of the respiratory system.

[On problem of interpreting pneumoconiosis concept and possible ways to solve it].

The article focuses on contradictions in contemporary concepts of respiratory diseases due to dust and pneumoconiosis, absence of effective medical measures of their prevention and treatment, inadequacy of methodological approaches to solving the problem and reasons a position of epithelial mesenchimal transformation as a paradigm of the solution.

[Quantitative characteristics of pathomorphologic changes in bronchi and pulmonary artery branches in miners with preroentgenologic stage of anthrasilicosis].

Morphometric studies covered lung tissue of 10 miners exposed to dusty work conditions over 1 to 30 (13.4 +/- 3.6) years, who were considered apparently healthy according to follow-up examinations and died in technogenic accident. Findings are that dysregeneration, hypertrophic and sclerotic changes in respiratory part of lungs, in bronchi and in pulmonary circuit arteries develop simultaneously--that proves common pathogenetic concept of these changes and systemic character of the pneumoconiosis. The results necessitate improved methods to evaluate health state of workers, refined criteria for nosologic diagnosis of respiratory diseases related to dust.

[Chronic obstructive lung disease (analytic review)].

The author tackles a problem of "chronic obstructive lung disease" (COLD) term, disclosing an erroneus trend to change nosologic assessment of disease into syndromal presentation. Functional essence of term COLD denies morphologic method as a methodologic basis of classical medicine, derived from natural science and biology and proved effective throughout over 200 years of clinical and theoretical activities.

[On pathogenetic unity of pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis].

Results of complex study determining levels of IL-1-4-6 and TNO in bronchoalveolar lavage and blood serum helped to justify nososlogic independence of dust bronchitis and its pathogenetic commonnes with pneumoconiosis--that confirms combining them into a group of dust respiratory diseases.

[State and prospects of evidence-based medicine and occupational pathology].

According to foreign literature data, contemporary methods of evidence-based medicine are insufficiently limited in use by occupational pathologists both in this country and abroad. This is due to restrictions of Occupational Diseases Register, difficulties in adding new entities into it, medical and social practice to use functional parameters for disablement definition, employers' obstacles to reveal early stages of occupational diseases through active employees' examinations, patients' wish to receive governmental annuity and not to get rehabilitated.

[Hemostasis disorders in patients with occupational fluorosis are risk factors for IHD].

The studies covered hemostasis changes in workers with occupational fluorosis. The disorders diagnosed could be a risk factor for IHD in aluminium production workers

[A missing link in classification of occupational pulmonary diseases--occupational chronic obstructive lung diseases]. / O nedostaiushchem zvene v klassifikatsii professional'nykh zabolevanii legkikh--professional'noi khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh.

The authors justified a suggestion on including chronic obstructive lung diseases (COLD) into Occupational Diseases Register.

[Morphogenesis of occupational fluoride osteopathy]. / Morfogenez professional'noi ftoristoi osteopatii.

Fluor osteopathy, as the authors suppose, is a morphologic repetition of phylogenesis early stages in osteogenesis. Thus, osteosclerosis and osteoporosis demonstrated by X-ray should be considered as manifestation of bone fluorosis. Fluor-induced changes of bone tissue could not be adequately termed as "osteoporosis" and "osteosclerosis", so is defined as "fluor osteopathy".

[Toxic melanoderma in chronic intoxication with trinitrotoluene]. / Toksicheskaia melanodermiia pri khronicheskoi intoksikatsii trinitrotoluolom.

Hyperkinetic atactic syndrome, an atypical neurologic disorder of a chemical origin, was reported in connection with trinitrotoluene-induced melanoderma. Decreased level of urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids stresses the failure of one biochemical link in melanin synthesis, but proves the same pathogenic origin of both melanopathy manifestations. Antioxidant therapy in the pathogenesis treatment of melanoderma is considered valuable.