Buckypaper-Based Nanostructured Sensor for Port Wine Analysis.

The development of electronic gadgets has become of great relevance for the detection of fraud in beverages such as wine, due to the addition of adulterants that bring risks to human health as well as economic impacts. Thus, the present study aims to apply a buckypaper (BP) based on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/cellulose fibers as a sensor for the analysis of Port wine intentionally adulterated with 5 vol.% and 10 vol.% distilled water and ethyl alcohol. The morphology of BP characterized by scanning electron microscopy indicates the formation of agglomerates of random MWCNTs dispersed on the surface and between the fibers of the cellulosic paper. The analysis of the response of the film through the normalized relative resistance change showed a higher response of 0.75 ± 0.16 for adulteration with 10 vol.% of water and a mean response time of 10.0 ± 3.60 s and recovery of approximately 17.2 min for adulteration with 5 vol.% alcohol. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in data processing to evaluate the ability of BP to recognize and discriminate analytes and adulterating agents, allowing the investigation of its potential application as a low-cost and easy-to-handle multisensor.

Microstructural Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Reinforced Nickel Matrix Nanocomposites.

This research focuses on the microstructural characterization of nickel matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The nanocomposites were produced by a conventional powder metallurgy process and the dispersion of CNTs and mixture with nickel powders was performed in a single step by ultrasonication. Microstructural characterization of Ni-CNT nanocomposites was performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and fast Fourier transform analyses. This characterization revealed CNTs embedded in the nickel grains and mainly presented as clusters at the grain boundaries. CNTs hinder recrystallization during sintering, and dislocation cells and subgrains form as a result of the recovery process.

Microstructural Characterization of Aluminum-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Produced Using Different Dispersion Methods.

This research focuses on characterization of the impact of dispersion methods on aluminum-carbon nanotubes (Al-CNTs) nanocomposite structure. Nanocomposites were produced by a conventional powder metallurgy process after the dispersion of the CNTs on the Al powders, using two approaches: (1) the dispersion of CNTs and mixture with Al powders were performed in a single step by ultrasonication; and (2) the CNTs were previously untangled by ultrasonication and then mixed with Al powders by ball milling. Microstructural characterization of Al-CNT nanocomposites was performed by optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Microstructural characterization revealed that the use of ball milling for mixing CNTs with Al powders promoted the formation of CNT clusters of reduced size, more uniformly dispersed in the matrix, and a nanocomposite of smaller grain size. However, the results of HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy show that ball milling causes higher damage to the CNT structure. The strengthening effect of the CNT is attested by the increase in hardness and tensile strength of the nanocomposites.

Effects of bottom-up versus top-down digital cognitive training in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Impairments in bottom-up perceptual processing have been associated to the age-related cognitive decline. Digital cognitive training focusing on bottom-up and/or top-down processes have been studied as a tool to remediate age-related cognitive decline. However, the most effective training type and order of application remain unclear. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen older adults were randomly assigned to 40 h of bottom-up then top-down or top-down then bottom-up digital cognitive training or an active control group. We evaluated cognition at baseline, after 20 h and 40 h of training and at follow-up using a mixed-model analysis. RESULTS: Global cognition improved, for the top-down group, after 20 h of training (p = 0.04; d = 0.7) and for all three groups after 40 h. The improvement in global cognition remained five months after the bottom-up/ top-down training (p = 0.009; d = 4.0). There were also improvements in the recall cognitive domain, after 20 h of training, for the bottom-up group and, after 40 h, for all three groups. Gains were observed in verbal fluency after 40 h of training for both therapeutic groups. Processing speed was significantly slower, after 20 h of training, for the control and bottom-up groups and, after 40 h, only for the control group. Emotion recognition improved, after 20 h, for the control group as compared to the therapeutic groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the bottom-up/top-down training has the most endurable effects, which reveals the importance of the order of application of the exercises for gains in cognition in older adults.

Periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense): A Promising Amazon Fiber for Application in Composite Materials.

Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) have in recent decades appeared as sustainable reinforcement alternatives to replace synthetic fibers in polymer composite material applications. In this work, for the first time, the periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense), a lesser known NLF from the Amazon region, was analyzed for its density and, by X-ray diffraction (XRD), to calculate the crystallinity index as well as the microfibrillar angle (MFA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron analysis (SEM) and tensile strength. The apparent density found for the periquiteira fiber was 0.43 g/cm3, one of the NLF's lowest. XRD analysis indicated a crystallinity index of 70.49% and MFA of 7.32°. The TGA disclosed thermal stability up to 250 °C. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups characteristic of NLFs. The SEM morphological analysis revealed that the periquiteira fiber presents fine bundles of fibrils and a rough surface throughout its entire length. The average strength value of the periquiteira fiber was found as 178 MPa. These preliminary results indicate that the periquiteira fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcing agent in polymeric matrices and can generate a lightweight composite with excellent mechanical properties that can be used in various industrial sectors.

Additive manufacturing of poly (lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite/carbon nanotubes biocomposites for fibroblast cell proliferation.

Bone tissue is one of the most important in the human body. In this study, scaffolds of poly (lactic acid) PLA reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were manufactured, evaluating their mechanical and biological properties. HA was synthesized by wet method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scaffolds were produced using additive manufacturing and characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy and biological tests. The SEM results showed that the PLA surface was affected by the incorporation of CNT. TG showed that the incorporation of HA into the polymer matrix compromised the thermal stability of PLA. On the other hand, the incorporation of CNT to the polymer and the impregnation with HA on the surface by thermal effect increased the stability of PLA/CNT scaffolds. Raman spectra indicated that HA impregnation on the surface did not modify the polymer or the ceramic. In the compression tests, PLA and PLA/CNT scaffolds displayed the best compressive strength. In the biological tests, more than 85% of the cells remained viable after 48 h of incubation with all tested scaffolds and groups with CNT in the composition disclosing the best results.

Study of ink paper sensor based on aluminum/carbon nanotubes agglomerated nanocomposites.

Agglomerated nanocomposites based on Aluminum/Carbon Nanotubes (AI/CNT) were produced by an arc discharge technique under argon/acetone atmosphere and ultrasonically dispersed in distilled water to form an ink-like composite. This ink was spread onto commercial paper to produce a conductive thick film. Experimental results show that the electrical resistance of Al/CNT nanocomposite on paper changes when a mechanical stress and/or heat is applied. The multi-sensory properties obtained are the following: (i) piezoresistive effect, electrical resistance shows linear dependence with pressure intensity at room temperature; (ii) polynomial relationship between electrical resistance and temperature; and (iii) high accuracy thermal sensor compared to a K type thermocouple at 25 degrees C. The nanocomposite and paper morphology was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) and a favorable surface for physisorption was observed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was utilized for Al/CNT agglomerated indicating that the ink paper based on nanocomposite shows good performance as a thermo-piezoresistive sensor.

Transport model of controlled molecular rectifier showing unusual negative differential resistance effect.

We investigate theoretically the charge accumulated Q in a three-terminal molecular device in the presence of an external electric field. Our approach is based on ab initio Hartree-Fock and density functional theory methodology contained in Gaussian package. Our main finding is a negative differential resistance (NDR) in the charge Q as a function of an external electric field. To explain this NDR effect we apply a phenomenological capacitive model based on a quite general system composed of many localized levels (that can be LUMOs of a molecule) coupled to source and drain. The capacitance accounts for charging effects that can result in Coulomb blockade (CB) in the transport. We show that this CB effect gives rise to a NDR for a suitable set of phenomenological parameters, like tunneling rates and charging energies. The NDR profile obtained in both ab initio and phenomenological methodologies are in close agreement.

Development of a chemiresistor sensor based on polymers-dye blend for detection of ethanol vapor.

The conductive blend of the poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonated acid (PEDOT-PSS) polymers were doped with Methyl Red (MR) dye in the acid form and were used as the basis for a chemiresistor sensor for detection of ethanol vapor. This Au | Polymers-dye blend | Au device was manufactured by chemical vapor deposition and spin-coating, the first for deposition of the metal electrodes onto a glass substrate, and the second for preparation of the organic thin film forming ∼1.0 mm2 of active area. The results obtained are the following: (i) electrical resistance dependence with atmospheres containing ethanol vapor carried by nitrogen gas and humidity; (ii) sensitivity at 1.15 for limit detection of 26.25 ppm analyte and an operating temperature of 25 °C; and (iii) the sensing process is quickly reversible and shows very a low power consumption of 20 µW. The thin film morphology of ∼200 nm thickness was analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), where it was observed to have a peculiarly granulometric surface favorable to adsorption. This work indicates that PEDOT-PSS doped with MR dye to compose blend film shows good performance like resistive sensor.

Safety and Feasibility of Outpatient High Dose Cytarabine for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: The attempt to manage patients with acute myeloid leukemia as outpatients has become increasingly common due to high hospitalization costs, low availability for beds and patient preference. Publications on the subject are scarce, especially in low-income regions and the safety in this population remains to be determined. The present study aims to assess the safety of consolidation with high-dose cytarabine in the outpatient setting. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 39 patients who underwent consolidation with high-dose cytarabine, between 2009 and 2018, at Ophir Loyola Hospital, in Belém, Brazil. Patients treated after 2015 were given high-dose cytarabine as outpatients due to the decision of medical staff. Results: Twenty-seven patients received 76 cycles of cytarabine as outpatients; males were 48.14% of the total population, with a median age of approximately 45 years. The occurrence of delay between cycles was significantly lower among outpatients (48.14% vs. 83.33%, p = 0.04). There was no difference in relapse rates, transfusion requirements and non-relapse mortality between both groups. Hospitalization was required in 40.74% of patients during outpatient cycles and 18.51% of blood cultures were positive for pathogens. Non-relapse mortality was significantly higher among patients above 50 years old and treated on an outpatient basis (44.4% vs. 5.60%, p = 0.03). Conclusion: High-dose cytarabine administration on an outpatient basis appears to be safe and effective in a low-income population at the Brazilian Amazon region, but toxicity seems to be increased for patients older than 50 years.

Composite Based on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (HA/ß-TCP) and Nanocellulose from the Açaí Tegument.

The use of lignocellulosic remnants of the açaí agro-business will benefit the environment with a precursor material for biomedical applications. Nanocellulose (NC) allows the biomimetic growth of biphasic ceramics on its surface, with characteristics compatible with bone tissue, including bioactive properties and biocompatibility. In this study, the composites were obtained from açaí tegument (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) NC using acid hydrolysis. The characterization performed by scanning electron microscopy showed the characteristic crystals of hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium triphosphate (ß-TCP) based on the results of X-ray diffraction, with the peak at 22°, showing the NC nucleation of HA and peak at 17° showing tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of O-H at 3400 cm-1 and C-H at 2900 cm-1, which is characteristic of cellulose; peaks were also observed at 1609 cm-1, verifying the reduction in lignin content. Groups PO4-3 at approximately 1070 cm-1, P-OH at 910⁻1040 cm-1, and HCO3- at 2450 cm-1 confirmed the formation of HA and ß-TCP. The zeta potential had a range of -11 ± 23.8 mV related to particle size, which had a range of 164.2 × 10-9⁻4748 × 10-9 m.

Early restoration of cocaine-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion in anesthetized dogs.

Although cardiovascular effects of cocaine have been well studied, little is known about its effects on splanchnic perfusion. We studied systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of acute cocaine intoxication in dogs under volatile anesthesia. Mechanically ventilated beagle dogs, randomized at 1.5% halothane (n = 7) or 2.25% sevoflurane (n = 7) anesthesia, received an intravenous bolus of cocaine (12 mg/kg over 5 min) followed by 0.22 mg/kg/min infusion over 30 min. They were observed for 60 min thereafter. Cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), portal blood flow (PBF), gastric PCO(2) (gas tonometry), blood gases, and lactate and cocaine levels were assessed. Cocaine bolus promoted significant reductions in CI (~50%), HR (~20%), MAP (~20%), and PBF (~50%), accompanied by increase in systemic and splanchnic oxygen extractions and in gastric mucosal-arterial PCO(2) gradient. Those changes were maintained during cocaine infusion and returned to baseline values parallel to plasmatic cocaine clearance. Unlike other shock states, regional parameters, including gastric mucosal-arterial PCO(2) gradient, were restored before systemic variables. A possible local vasodilatory effect of volatile agents could play a role in this phenomenon. Cocaine infusion in anesthetized animals promoted marked systemic and regional hemodynamic derangement, which was rapidly reversible with decay of cocaine plasmatic concentration.

Study of Oxidation States with Heating on Charge Transport of the Graphene Nanoribbon.

In this paper, we present a study based on extended Hückel (ETH) and the Green function of the electron transport in a graphenenanoribbon with a nanopore oxidized in the middle. We con- sider several types of oxidation:hydroxyl, carboxyl and ketone groups adsorbed in edges, pore and surface of the riddon. The results indicate that nanoribbons with medium and high oxidation are more thermally stable than the low oxidation nanoribon that shows greater sensitivity at 120 °C. Finally, Ohmic and Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) were obtained from I(V) curves, thus was possible determine the current peaks and threshold voltages (V(Th1) < V(Th2) < V(Th3) < V(Th4)), which correspond to quantum transport of the nanoribbon not oxidized, high-oxy, med-oxy and low-oxy, respectively, so creating two nanoconstrictions as well as two regions of quantum confinement.

A perceptual cue on a moving opponent improves the learning of a motor skill from aikido / Uma dica perceptiva sobre um oponente em movimento melhora a aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora do aikido

ABSTRACT The effect of different instructional foci on the learning of a motor skill of aikido was investigated. Sixty participants from both sexes with an average age of 14 practiced choku tsuki task, which consisted of hitting a target on the chest of an attacking opponent with a stick. They were divided into four groups: relaxation, with a cue about the relaxed way in which the task should be performed; low hip, with a cue about maintaining hip displacement as low as possible; perceptive, with a cue at the circular target located on the chest of the opponent as they raised their sword to attack; and control, without cues. The dependent variables included measures related to the task goals, movement pattern relative to the task components and kinematic features. Only the perceptive and low hip groups learned the motor skill. The perceptive group obtained better overall performance than the other groups. Learning choku tsuki was improved by the instructional cue "strike target as soon as sword is raised", establishing the learner's perceptive attunement to the moving opponent. Learning was also enhanced by the cue "keep hips as low as possible"; however, at a lower level than that of the perceptive cue.

RESUMO O efeito de diferentes dicas sobre a aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora do aikido foi investigado. Sessenta participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 14 anos, praticaram a tarefa choku tsuki, que consistia em acertar um alvo no peito de um oponente atacante com um bastão. Eles foram divididos em quatro grupos: relaxamento, com dica sobre a maneira relaxada como a tarefa deveria ser executada; quadril baixo, com dica sobre manter o quadril o mais baixo possível; perceptiva, com dica sobre o alvo circular localizado no peito do oponente enquanto ele levantava a espada para atacar; e controle, sem dicas. As variáveis dependentes incluíram medidas relacionadas aos objetivos da tarefa, padrão de movimento em relação aos componentes da tarefa e características cinemáticas. Apenas os grupos perceptivo e quadril baixo aprenderam a habilidade motora. Ainda, o grupo perceptivo obteve melhor desempenho que os demais grupos. A aprendizagem do choku tsuki foi aprimorada pela dica "estocar o alvo assim que levantar a espada", estabelecendo a sintonia perceptiva do aprendiz com o oponente em movimento. A aprendizagem também foi aprimorada pela dica "mantenha o quadril o mais baixo possível"; no entanto, em um nível inferior ao da dica perceptiva.

Effect of small-sided games with manipulation of small targets on the perceived exertion and tactical and technical performance of college soccer players / Efeito de jogos reduzidos com manipulação de pequenos alvos sobre a percepção de esforço e o desempenho tático e técnico de jogadores de futebol universitário

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the tactical and technical performance and perceived exertion of college soccer players in small-sided games through the manipulation of small targets. Twenty players divided into four teams, played 5x5 games (25x20 m) with one and two small targets on different days. Games were divided into three four-minute times, with two-minute intervals between bouts. Perceived exertion and technical-tactical variables were evaluated using Ball Transmission Speed (ball received/ball contacts) and Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP). TSAP generates performance indicators, such as: efficiency index, performance score, volume of play and ball attack. They are related to the actions of balls conquered, passes and finalizations. For statistical analysis, paired t test and Cohen's d effect size were performed to compare the two game configurations. Larger number of balls conquered with small target was verified (p<0.05; d=1.32), generating higher efficiency index and performance score. It was concluded that the perceived exertion is similar with one and two small targets and players recover more balls with only one small target. Through thisinformation, coaches can better handle this type of constraints according to the purpose of the training session.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o desempenho tático, técnico e a percepção subjetiva de esforço de jogadores de futebol universitário em jogos reduzidos através da manipulação de pequenos alvos. Vinte jogadores, divididos em quatro times, realizaram jogos de 5x5 (espaço:25x20 m) com um e com dois pequenos alvos, em diferentes dias. Os jogos foram divididos em três tempos de quatro minutos, com dois minutos de intervalo entre os tempos. Foi avaliada a percepção de esforço e variáveis técnico-táticas, utilizando a Velocidade de Transmissão da Bola (bolas recebidas/contatos na bola) e o Procedimento de Avaliação do Esporte em Equipe (TSAP). O TSAP gera indicadores de desempenho, como: índice de eficiência, escore de performance, volume de jogo e ataque com bola. Eles estão relacionados às ações de bolas conquistadas, passes e finalizações. Para análise estatística foi realizado teste t pareado e o tamanho do efeito d de Cohen para comparar as duas configurações de jogo. Foi verificada uma maior quantidade de bolas conquistadas com um pequeno alvo (p<0,05; d=1,32), gerando maior índice de eficiência e escore de performance. Conclui-se que a percepção de esforço é a mesma com um ou dois pequenos alvos e que um pequeno alvo faz com que os jogadores recuperem mais bolas. Através dessas informações o treinador pode manipular melhor este tipo de constrangimento de acordo com o objetivo da sua sessão de treino.

Current global scenario of guidelines on the management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a systematic literature review / Cenário global de diretrizes para o manejo da hemoglobinúria paroxística noturna: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Objective: To report the outcomes of a systematic literature review of guidelines and consensus on the management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and describe the main therapeutic options available worldwide. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in April 2018 with no time limit and reported in line with the PRISMA statement. The AGREE II instrument was used to determine the quality of each guideline included in the systematic review. Results: Eight guidelines/consensus were eligible, one developed by an international group, two in Spain, and one each in Turkey, Germany, Argentina, Australia and the United Kingdom. Supportive treatment with erythrocyte transfusion, anticoagulants and steroids is indicated by all guidelines and consensus. The use of erythropoietin is suggested by three of them. Recommendations for the prescription of eculizumab were consistent in all but one guideline, published in 2005. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is reported as the only potentially curative treatment for PNH, although its association with high mortality and morbidity rates is emphasized, being indicated for a selected group of patients. The AGREE II scores applied for each domain showed in general a low and heterogeneous methodological quality among guidelines. Conclusion: Despite the low and heterogeneous methodological quality, in general the comparison of guidelines and consensus for PNH management showed consistent recommendations regarding supportive care, eculizumab and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objetivo: Relatar os desfechos de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de diretrizes e documentos de consenso sobre o manejo da hemoglobinúria paroxística noturna (HPN) e descrever as principais opções terapêuticas disponíveis mundialmente. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi conduzida em abril de 2018 sem limite temporal e realizada de acordo com a recomendação PRISMA. O instrumento AGREE II foi utilizado para determinar a qualidade de cada diretriz incluída na revisão. Resultados: Foram elegíveis oito diretrizes/consensos, um desenvolvido por um grupo internacional, dois na Espanha e um em cada um dos países a seguir: Turquia, Alemanha, Argentina, Austrália e Reino Unido. O tratamento de suporte com transfusão de eritrócitos, anticoagulantes e esteroides é indicado por todos os documentos. A eritropoetina é indicada por três deles. A recomendação de prescrição do eculizumabe foi consistente em todos, exceto em um publicado em 2005. O transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoéticas é reportado como o único tratamento com potencial curativo para a HPN, apesar de uma enfática associação com maiores taxas de mortalidade e morbidade, sendo indicado para grupos selecionados de pacientes. Os escores AGREE II aplicados para cada domínio demonstraram, em geral, qualidade metodológica baixa e heterogênea entre as diretrizes. Conclusão: Apesar da qualidade metodológica baixa e heterogênea, em geral, a comparação de diretrizes e consensos para o manejo da HPN demonstrou recomendações consistentes quanto ao uso de tratamento de suporte, eculizumabe e transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoiéticas.

Fine structure of the salivary glands of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

The fine structure of the salivary glands of adult Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) bugs has been analyzed. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that each insect presents a pair of salivary glands, each pair containing three distinct units (main, supplementary, and accessory) with different sizes and colors. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that all gland units consist of a monolayer of epithelial cells surrounding a large central lumen. The gland units are enveloped by a thick basal lamina containing bundles of muscle cells. Microvilli are present at the apical plasma membrane domain of the gland cells, thus enlarging the available membrane area for saliva secretion towards the large gland lumen, although occasionally budding vesicles could be observed among the microvilli. Cytochemical analysis showed that the salivary gland cells of T. infestans present abundant endoplasmic reticulum profiles and several lipid droplets.

Characterization of the in vivo cardiac electrophysiologic effects of high-dose cocaine in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs with normal hearts.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the cardiac electrophysiologic effects of cocaine. METHODS: In 8 dogs (9-13 kg), electrophysiologic parameters and programmed stimulation were undertaken using transvenous catheters at baseline, and after cocaine intravenous infusion (12 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.22 mg/kg/min for 25 minutes). RESULTS: Cocaine plasma levels (n=5) rose to 6.73 +/- 0.56 mg/mL. Cocaine did not affect sinus cycle length and arterial pressure. Cocaine prolonged P wave duration (54 +/- 6 vs 73 +/- 4 ms, P<0.001), PR interval (115 +/- 17 vs 164 +/- 15 ms, P<0.001), QRS duration (62 +/- 10 vs 88 +/- 14 ms, P<0.001), and QTc interval (344 +/- 28 vs 403 +/- 62 ms, P=0.03) but not JT interval (193 +/- 35 vs 226 +/- 53 ms, NS). Cocaine prolonged PA (9 +/- 6 vs 23 +/- 8 ms, P<0.001), AH (73 +/- 16 vs 92 +/- 15 ms; P=0.03), and HV (35 +/- 5 vs 45 +/- 3 ms; P<0.001) intervals and Wenckebach point (247 +/- 26 vs 280 +/- 28 ms, P=0.04). An increase occurred in atrial (138 +/- 8 vs 184 +/- 20 ms; P<0.001) and ventricular (160 +/- 15 vs 187 +/- 25 ms; P=0.03) refractoriness at a cycle length of 300 ms. Atrial arrhythmias were not induced in any dog. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced in 2/8 dogs at baseline and 4/8 dogs after cocaine. CONCLUSION: High doses of cocaine exert significant class I effects and seem to enhance inducibility of VF but not of atrial arrhythmias.

Medicamentos potencialmente perigosos: identificação de riscos e barreiras de prevenção de erros em terapia intensiva / Medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos: identificación de riesgos y barreras de prevención de errores en terapia intensiva / Potentially hazardous drugs: identification of risks and error prevention barriers in intensive care

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem e farmacêuticos em relação à identificação de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos, bem como verificar o reconhecimento das barreiras de prevenção de erros nas instituições hospitalares. Método: estudo transversal, tipo inquérito, realizado em unidades de terapia intensiva de quatro hospitais. Um questionário construído e validado com base nas informações disponibilizadas pelo Instituto para Práticas Seguras no Uso de Medicamentos foi utilizado para coleta de dados. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 22.0 e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para investigar diferença dos resultados entre as categorias profissionais. Adotou-se o nível significância de 0,05. Resultados: foram incluídos 126 profissionais, entre os elegíveis para participação. Dentre os 33 medicamentos potencialmente perigosos indicados no instrumento, nenhum foi identificado como tal pela totalidade de respondentes, embora 17 fossem utilizados por mais de 95% dos entrevistados. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante nas respostas das diferentes categorias profissionais quanto à identificação desses medicamentos. Em relação às medidas de prevenção de erros, os enfermeiros constituíram a categoria profissional que distinguiu em maior número a existência de barreiras. Conclusão: este estudo apontou importantes lacunas no reconhecimento dos medicamentos potencialmente perigosos e adoção incipiente de barreiras para prevenção de incidentes, caracterizando situações de fragilidade nos hospitais por implicar na ruptura inicial das barreiras, especialmente quando os profissionais de saúde estão inseridos em um ambiente de alta complexidade.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería y farmacéuticos en relación a la identificación de medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos, así como el reconocimiento de las barreras de prevención de errores en su uso en las instituciones hospitalarias. Método: estudio transversal, tipo averiguación, realizado en las unidades de terapia intensiva de cuatro hospitales. Un cuestionario construido y validado en base a las informaciones ofrecidas por el Instituto para las Prácticas Seguras en el Uso de Medicamentos fue utilizado para la recolección de datos. Para el análisis de los datos se usó el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 22.0 y el test de Kruskal-Wallis para investigar la diferencia de los resultados entre las categorías profesionales. Se adoptó el nivel significancia de 0,05. Resultados: fueron incluidos 126 profesionales entre los elegibles para esa participación. Entre los 33 medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos indicados en el instrumento, ninguno de ellos fue identificado como tal por la totalidad de los respondientes, aunque 17 de ellos fueran utilizados por más del 95% de los entrevistados. No fue observada ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las respuestas de las diferentes categorías profesionales sobre la identificación de esos medicamentos. En relación a las medidas de prevención de errores, los enfermeros constituyeron la categoría profesional que distinguió en mayor número la existencia de barreras. Conclusión: este estudió señaló importantes lagunas en el reconocimiento de los medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos y la adopción incipiente de barreras para la prevención de incidentes, caracterizando situaciones de fragilidad en los hospitales por implicar la ruptura inicial de las barreras, especialmente, cuando los profesionales de la salud están insertados en un ambiente de alta complejidad.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the knowledge of nursing professionals and pharmacists in relation to the identification of potentially hazardous drugs, as well as the recognition of error prevention barriers in their use in hospital institutions. Method: cross-sectional survey performed in intensive care units of four hospitals. A questionnaire constructed and validated based on the information provided by the Institute for Safe Practices in Drug Use was used for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22.0 and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data between the professional categories. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: 126 professionals were included, among those eligible for participation. Of the 33 potentially hazardous drugs indicated in the instrument, none were identified as such by all respondents, although 17 were used by more than 95% of respondents. No statistically significant difference was observed in the responses of the different professional categories regarding the identification of these drugs. Regarding the measures of error prevention, nurses were the professional category that distinguished the existence of barriers at a higher rate. Conclusion: this study pointed to important gaps in the recognition of potentially hazardous drugs and incipient adoption of barriers to prevent incidents, characterizing situations of fragility in hospitals because it implies the initial rupture of barriers, especially when the health professionals are inserted in high-complexity services.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Long Distance Passes in 2014 Brazil FIFA World Cup / Análise da Eficácia dos passes de longa distância na Copa do Mundo FIFA Brasil 2014

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of long distance passes performed during the 2014 Brazil FIFA World Cup. All 64 matches were analyzed, however, actions performed during overtime were not included in the sample. The study defined long pass as an action made by a player from the defensive midfield aiming at passing the ball to another teammate located on the offensive field. The action result assessment followed these criteria: shots on goal, ball possession maintenance, loss of ball possession and ball possession recovery. Total long distance passes were also considered in the analysis. Throughout the tournament, 4,512 long distance passes were attempted. The main findings were that 59% resulted on loss, 28% on maintenance and 12% on recovery of the ball possession, but only less than 1% resulted in shots on goal (F = 505.5; p<0.001; partial ƞ2 = 0.76). Teams with the highest number of long pass attempts loose ball possession more frequently. There were more long distance passes at the first and at the last 15 min of matches. UEFA and Concacaf teams executed, respectively, the lowest and the highest number of long passes. The major outcome of this study is that long distance passes have low effectiveness due to the high rate of loss of ball possession, rarely creating score opportunities. The more the teams executed long passes, the more the teams lose ball possession.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a eficácia dos passes de longa distância realizados durante os jogos da Copa do Mundo da FIFA 2014. Todas as 64 partidas foram analisadas. Porém, as prorrogações na fase eliminatória da competição não foram acrescidas na amostra. O estudo definiu o lançamento como uma ação feita por um jogador do meio campo defensivo com o objetivo de passar a bola para outro colega de equipe localizado no campo ofensivo. O resultado da ação foi avaliado com base nos seguintes critérios: finalização ao gol, manutenção da posse de bola, perda da posse de bola e recuperação da posse de bola. O total dos lançamentos também foi considerado nas análises. Ao longo do torneio houve 4.512 lançamentos. Os principais achados foram que 59% dos lançamentos resultaram em perda, 28% em manutenção e 12% em recuperação da posse da bola, mas apenas menos de 1% resultaram em finalização ao gol (F = 505,5; p <0,001 Parcial ƞ2 = 0,76). Equipes que lançaram mais perderam a bola com maior frequência. Houve mais lançamentos nos primeiros e nos últimos 15 min de jogo. Equipes da UEFA e da Concacaf executaram, respectivamente, o mais baixo e o mais alto número de lançamentos. O principal achado deste estudo é que os lançamentos apresentam baixa eficácia devido à alta taxa de perda da posse de bola, raramente criando oportunidades de finalização à meta. Quanto mais lançamentos feitos, mais posse de bola perdida.