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BACKGROUND: In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that stress hyperglycemia is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential associations between various markers of stress hyperglycemia, such as admission blood glucose (ABG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) with different definitions, and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Our study enrolled a total of 1099 patients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent PCI from 2016 to 2021. The primary outcomes of this study were in-hospital death and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Stress hyperglycemia was associated with a higher incidence of in-hospital death (ABG OR: 1.27 95% CI 1.19-1.36; FBS OR: 1.25 95% CI 1.16-1.35; SHR1 OR: 1.61 95% CI 1.21-2.14; SHR2 OR: 1.57, 95%CI 1.22-2.01; SHR3 OR: 1.59, 95%CI 1.24-2.05) and all-cause mortality (ABG HR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.14; FBS HR: 1.12, 95 CI 1.07-1.17; SHR1 HR: 1.19 95% CI 1.03-1.39; SHR2 HR: 1.28, 95%CI 1.14-1.44; SHR3 HR: 1.29, 95%CI 1.14-1.45) after adjusting for ischemic time, age, gender, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), current smoking history, chronic kidney disease (CKD), previous history of coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), stroke, cancer, culprit vessel, multi-vessel disease. These associations exhibited a non-linear, J-shaped pattern, wherein the risk significantly increased when the ABG and FBS levels exceeded 5mmol/L. Moreover, the inflection point for SHR was estimated to be 1.2. CONCLUSIONS: Stress hyperglycemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and all-cause mortality in STEMI patients treated with PCI. Stress hyperglycemia should be considered a high-risk prognostic marker in all STEMI patients, regardless of with or without diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Hiperglucemia , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/terapia , Estudios de Cohortes , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Hiperglucemia/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Glucemia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
αrhamnrtin3αrhamnoside (ARR) is the principal compound extracted from Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav. However, its underlying pharmacological properties remain undetermined. Inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body; however, the excessive activation of the inflammatory response can result in physical injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ARR on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced RAW264.7 macrophages and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. A Cell Counting Kit8 assay was performed to assess cytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured via a NO colorimetric kit. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines, IL1ß and IL6, were detected using ELISAs. Reverse transcriptionquantitative (RTq)PCR analysis was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), IL6 and IL1ß in LPSinduced RAW246.7 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to measure the expression levels of NFκB and nuclear factorerythroid 2related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathwayrelated proteins to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response. The results of the cytotoxicity assay revealed that doses of ARR ≤200 µg/ml exhibited no significant effect on the viability of RAW264.7 cells. The results of the Griess assay demonstrated that ARR inhibited the production of NO. In addition, the results of the ELISAs and RTqPCR analysis discovered that ARR reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL1ß and IL6, as well as the proinflammatory mediators, PGE2, iNOS and COX2, in LPSinduced RAW264.7 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ARR inhibited LPSinduced activation of TNFassociated factor 6 (TRAF6) and NFκB p65 signaling molecules, while reversing the downregulation of the NODlike receptor family CARD domain containing 3 (NLRC3) signaling molecule, which was consistent with the results of the western blotting analysis. Immunofluorescence results indicated that ARR reduced the increase of NFκB p65 nuclear expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, the results of the western blotting experiments also revealed that ARR upregulated heme oxygenase1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and Nrf2 pathway molecules. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that ARR may exert antiinflammatory effects by downregulating NFκB and activating Nrf2mediated inflammatory responses, suggesting that ARR may be an attractive antiinflammatory candidate drug.
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Loranthaceae/metabolismo , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , China , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: MAVERIC (Mitral Valve Repair Clinical Trial) validates the safety and efficacy of the ARTO system. We here report the first two successful cases of utilizing the ARTO system in patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in Asia. METHODS: Two patients, aged 70 and 63, had severe HF with FMR. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed that the left ventricular ejection fractions were less than 50% with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in both patients. Optimizing drug treatment could not mitigate their symptoms. Therefore, we used the ARTO system to repair the mitral valve for these patients on March 5 and 6, 2019, respectively. RESULTS: Mitral valve repairs using the ARTO system were successfully performed under general anaesthesia for these two patients. MR was decreased immediately after the procedures in both patients. The 30-day and 3-month transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a moderate to severe MR in both patients, and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) scales were also partially improved. CONCLUSION: The first two cases in Asia indicate that the ARTO system is feasible for patients with heart failure with FMR, and the patient selection appears to be crucial.
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BACKGROUND: Transapical off-pump NeoChord procedure is a novel minimally invasive surgical repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). Here, we report the first four cases of NeoChord procedure in patients with mitral valve prolapse in mainland China. METHODS: Four patients, aged 86, 84, 80 and 60 years, with severe MR due to posterior middle scallop prolapse (P2), underwent transapical off-pump artificial chordae implantation on April 9 and 10, 2019. The procedure was performed by left mini-thoracotomy under general anaesthesia and guided by 2D and 3D dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). RESULTS: Mitral valve repair via NeoChord procedure was successfully performed with implantation of 3 artificial chordae in the first patient and 3, 2, and 3 artificial chordae in the following patients, respectively. Intraoperative TEE and pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed only mild to moderate MR of these four patients and no postoperative complications were noted. There were no changes of TTE finding between one-month follow-up and pre-discharge. CONCLUSION: The successful NeoChord procedures in four Chinese indicate that the valve repair using the NeoChord system for Chinese population is feasible.