Ex vivo mechanical properties of a 2.5-mm bone anchor for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in toy breed dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanical pull-out properties of a 2.5-mm bone anchor implanted in ex vivo femurs of toy breed dogs and to determine whether there is a difference between knotted and knotless configurations. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eight paired harvested femurs. METHODS: Femurs were assigned to knotted or knotless configuration. Equal numbers of right and left femurs were tested. The caudolateral femoral condyle at the distal pole of the lateral fabella (F2 site) was drilled. The assigned configuration with braided suture combined with the bone anchor was implanted into the F2 site. Each configuration was positioned into a mechanical testing machine to measure yield load, load at 3-mm displacement, ultimate load, stiffness, and mode of failure at the beginning of the canine standing phase angle (150°). RESULTS: Mean ultimate load was 100.14 and 88.69 N (P = .798), mean yield load was 59.72 and 55.85 N (P = .708), load at 3-mm displacement was 46.72 and 43.33 N (P = .656), and stiffness was calculated to be 43.06 and 47.09 N/mm (P = .548) for knotted and knotless configurations, respectively. Mode of failure occurred primarily by anchor pull-out. CONCLUSION: The bone anchor withstood deformation at the estimated forces applied on the native cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) of toy breed dogs in both configurations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This bone anchor may constitute a useful alternative for stabilization of the CCL deficient stifle in toy breed dogs. However, before it can be recommended for widespread use in dogs, closely monitored clinical trials must be conducted to assess outcome and complications associated with this implant.

Arthroscopic placement of a toggle rod to correct coxofemoral luxation in a dog.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a minimally invasive toggle repair technique under arthroscopic guidance to correct a coxofemoral luxation in a canine. STUDY DESIGN: Case report ANIMALS: A 9-year-old, male (neutered) Alaskan husky. METHODS: Prior to surgery, the coxofemoral luxation was reduced in a closed fashion. With standard arthroscopic portals, the completely torn round ligament was removed with a motorized shaver. A bone tunnel was created between the femoral head and the acetabulum by using an intra-articular drill guide, guide wires, and a cannulated drill bit. A toggle rod was inserted into the bone tunnel and tied to a 4-hole button located over the third trochanter. The implant position was confirmed via fluoroscopy. RESULTS: Within 24 hours of surgery, the dog was weight bearing with mild lameness. Six weeks postoperatively, radiographic assessment revealed that the implant location was unchanged, with no lameness documented. At 6 months postoperatively, the dog had returned to normal function with no reported complications. CONCLUSION: The toggle rod repair of a coxofemoral luxation under arthroscopic guidance was successful in the dog described in this case report. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Minimally invasive, arthroscopic guided toggle rod stabilization may be an alternative to the currently accepted open approach when addressing coxofemoral luxations.