RESUMEN
A method of classification of mammographic parenchymal patterns is proposed and the minor differences between this classification and that described by Wolfe are enumerated. The importance of recognizing the parenchymal pattern in various circumstances is then illustrated. The usefulness of regarding the parenchymal pattern as a background when teaching mammographic interpretation is examined. The relationships in the population of Nottingham between parenchymal patterns and benign disease, cancer and some determinants of risk for the future development of breast cancer are discussed. The association discovered between the oestrogen receptor status of tumours and the parenchymal pattern in which they arise is given, and the possibility of using this relationship in order to give some indication both towards the choice of treatment and also of prognosis is briefly discussed.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Enfermedades de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Mama/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Mamografía/clasificación , Edad Materna , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paridad , Receptores de Estrógenos/análisis , Valores de Referencia , RiesgoRESUMEN
Fifty-seven patients with carcinoma of the breast were assessed with serial mammograms following local excision and radiotherapy. The mammographic appearances due to radiotherapy were categorised and the changes in these with the passage of time have been studied. Residual tumour was identified on the basis of remaining malignant-type microcalcification. Local recurrence was identified on mammography. The most useful signs were the development of a mass lesion and the increase or development of malignant-type microcalcification. Differentiation of radiotherapy changes from recurrence of carcinoma can be made when a reaction that is normally due to radiotherapy occurs to an inappropriate degree, or with inappropriate timing.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Mamografía , Mama/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcinosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcinosis/etiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactancia/efectos de la radiación , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The improvement of mammographic specificity was investigated by means of identifying specific radiological features. Data are presented on the first 500 patients studied who had previously undergone mammography followed by biopsy. The presence of specific mammographic features on each radiograph, first determined by retrospective examination, was entered into a computer database. Subsequent discriminant function analysis demonstrated the importance of a small number of features whose presence could be used in an algorithm to predict diagnostic outcome. Using this algorithm, this feature-identification approach correctly identified 87.6% of benign and 79% of malignant cases. Specificity was improved to 88% as compared with the original radiological diagnosis of 49%. It is argued that this approach is very promising and a computer-assisted diagnosis based on these findings is described.
Asunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Mamografía/métodos , Algoritmos , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por ComputadorRESUMEN
Nuclear magnetic resonance images of the knee were obtained from three normal volunteers and from two patients. The pathology included an osteosarcoma of the distal femur and a fracture of the tibia. Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) techniques were used with a 0.15 Tesla resistive type magnet. Normal anatomy was well displayed and the size of the osteosarcoma was accurately predicted. Using SSFP techniques, the blood in the knee joint was not visualised, but the underlying tibial fracture was clearly outlined.