Computational Investigation on Cr-Doped Sc2CO2 MXene under Strain for Electronic Properties, Quantum Capacitance, and Photocatalytic Activity.

Sc2CO2 MXene has potential applications in energy storage and optoelectronics due to its superior structure and excellent properties. The electronic properties, quantum capacitance, and photocatalytic activity of Cr-doped Sc2CO2 under strain are studied by the density functional theory. Cr doping makes the system produce magnetism. The spin-down states of Sc2CO2-Cr under strain are direct semiconductors, while their spin-up states are indirect semiconductors. Sc2CO2-Cr under +5, -5, -3, and -2% strains in an aqueous system are suitable for cathode material. A large voltage drastically modulates the type of electrode materials. Sc2CO2-Cr under strains from 0 to +2% can perform the oxygen evolution reaction at an alkaline environment, while the Sc2CO2-Cr system under strain is a good for CO2 photocatalysis at pH 0 and 7.

Regulating the electronic properties, quantum capacitance and photocatalytic activity of Sc2CO2 based on Y doping and strain.

The doping of transition metals can effectively modulate the electronic structures and enhance the photocatalytic activity of MXenes. The electronic and photocatalytic properties, as well as the quantum capacitance of Sc2CO2-Y under biaxial strain, were studied by density functional theory. Sc2CO2-Y is a direct semiconductor and keeps its semiconductor character under strain. Sc2CO2-Y under tensile strain has higher photocatalytic activity than under compressive strain. In particular, Sc2CO2-Y at 2% strain has the slowest recombination rate of electrons and holes because of the largest . Sc2CO2-Y under strain is a potential cathode material. Its large potential keeps the character of cathode materials for Sc2CO2-Y under strain. Sc2CO2-Y under tensile strain has better conductivity, especially under 5% strain, due to having the largest Re (ε0). Sc2CO2-Y under strain can perform the HER, but fails to perform the OER at pH = 0, and tensile strain increases the reduction capacity of Sc2CO2-Y. Under strains from -2% to 2%, Sc2CO2-Y can perform the OER in an alkaline environment. Sc2CO2-Y is a good CO2 photocatalyst in acidic environments; the increase of pH value weakens the N2 reducing capacity of Sc2CO2-Y under strain. Its work function, charge transfer and optical properties are also explored.

A Corrective Method for Different Hematocrit Values of Whole Blood Samples on the Detection of Procalcitonin.

BACKGROUND: We have explored that quantitative PCT detection can be conducted in different sample types (whole blood and/or plasma samples) with good correlation and consistency in clinical use. These findings reduce the sample volume and turnover time of PCT detection in clinical labs. However, different hematocrit (HCT) percentages of whole blood samples may affect the final results, especially abnormal hematocrit (HCT) percentages. To overcome this problem, we established a mathematical model to modify the whole blood test results and evaluated the effects of HCT correction. METHODS: First, we prepared a preliminary experiment - various hematocrit (HCT) percentages (15% - 65%) of whole blood samples with different PCT concentrations and established a mathematic model to correct the effects of PCT detection. Then, in this paper, we evaluated the consistency with Pearson's correlation and Kappa analysis between whole bloods detected by the i-Reader S system and plasma detected by the Biomerieux system. Besides, we prepared different HCT values about 15%, 40%, 60% of 9 samples with different PCT concentrations to evaluate the effects of HCT correction Results and Conclusions: Pearson's correlative studies and Kappa analysis indicated that PCT levels measured by i-Reader S (plasma & whole blood samples) were comparable to results from the VIDAS system, and HCT correction could improve consistency of PCT detection between whole blood and plasma. Analysis of samples with abnormal HCT values showed that the mathematical correction model could offset the influences of various HCT values.

Differential effects of sevoflurane on the growth and apoptosis of human cancer cell lines.

PURPOSE: There have been contradictory findings regarding the effects of sevoflurane on the oncogenic properties of cancer cells. This study was conducted to gain insights into the fundamental rules governing the differential effects of sevoflurane exposure on various cancer cells derived from multiple origins. METHODS: A series of cancer cell lines were exposed to 1% (v/v) sevoflurane for 2-8 h and then assessed for their proliferation, Matrigel invasion, and apoptotic cell death, in comparison with their untreated counterparts. Cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion assays were performed using Coulter counter and Boyden chamber techniques, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated by staining cells with Annexin V and 7-AAD followed by fluorescence flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein, another marker of apoptosis, was assessed using immunoblotting. RESULTS: Proliferation was significantly enhanced after sevoflurane exposure in six of eight cancer cell lines (NCI-H1299, MDA-MB-231, HCT116, DLD-1, HT29, and RKO). In contrast, sevoflurane attenuated proliferation in the last two cancer cell lines, A549 and MCF-7, as well as in the non-cancerous MCF10A cell line. Cell biological assays using four cancer cell lines demonstrated that accelerated but not attenuated cancer cell proliferation after sevoflurane exposure is associated with enhanced Matrigel invasion and suppressed apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane augmented or hampered cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion depending on the cancer cell line examined. Loss of sevoflurane-induced apoptosis occurring in cancer cell lines is likely to be correlated with their enhanced proliferation after sevoflurane exposure.

Correction to: Differential effects of sevoflurane on the growth and apoptosis of human cancer cell lines.

The article Differential effects of sevoflurane on the growth and apoptosis of human cancer cell lines, written by Takahiro Hirai, Yuko Konishi, Shoko Mizuno, Zhou Rui, Yao Sun and Kimitoshi Nishiwaki, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 31 October 2019 with open access. With the author(s)' decision to step back from Open Choice, the copyright of the article changed on 5 December 2019 to © Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of copyright.

[Effect of Yixinshu Capsules on calcium regulatory protein in cardiac myocytes of rats with heart failure].

To explore the molecular mechanism of Yixinshu Capsules(YXS) in restoring cardiac function in rats with heart failure(HF) from the perspective of calmodulin in cardiac myocytes on the basis of determining the therapeutic effect of YXS on HF. The SD rats were subjected to the surgery of ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 4 weeks to established myocardial ischemia-induced heart failure animal model. Then the rats were randomly divided into Sham operation group(Sham, saline), model group(HF, saline), high dose YXS group(HF+YXS-H, 1 600 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), low dose YXS group(HF+YXS-L, 800 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and positive drug valsartan group(HF+VST, 8 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). After continuous intragastric administration for 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and myocardial tissue was collected. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins related to calcium regulation in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS:: showed that as compared with the model group, YXS increased the transcription level of Atp2 a2, Ryr2, CACNA1 C and PRKACA, and increased the expression levels of P-Ryr2, CACNA1 C and SERCA2 a, while decreased the level of NCX1.On the other hand, YXS treatment significantly decreased the RIP3 level and the phosphorylation of its substrate CaMKⅡ protein, and enhanced the phosphorylation expression of PLB. In summary, YXS therapy could regulate the expression of genes and proteins related to calcium regulation in cardiomyocytes, decrease RIP3 and the phosphorylation of CaMKⅡ protein, increase the phosphorylation of PLB at Ser16, and increase the expression of SERCA2 a protein, suggesting that YXS may regulate myocardial calcium homeostasis through CaMKⅡ/PLB/SERCA2 a pathway, to improve the ability of calcium uptake in sarcoplasmic reticulum and stabilize intracellular free Ca~(2+), so as to improve the cardiac function in rats with heart failure. Our study revealed the possible mechanism of YXS in the treatment of heart failure, especially from the perspective of intervention of calmodulin, promoting the clinical application of YXS.

[Research progress on chemical compositions of Coptidis Rhizoma and pharmacological effects of berberine].

Coptidis Rhizoma was a commonly used antipyretic and dampening drug in clinic, which was first recorded in the Shennong's Herbal Classic of Materia Medica and which was listed as one of the highest grade herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditionally, Coptidis Rhizoma was used to treat dampness with distention and fullness, vomiting with acid regurgitation, acne, heartbum, etc. At present, a total of 133 chemical components have been isolated and identified from Coptidis Rhizoma, which can be divided into alkaloids(44 species), lignans(32 species), flavonoids(9 species), phenylpropionic acid and its derivatives(26 species) and other compounds(22 species) according to the differences in structure types. Modern studies have shown that berberine is one of the most important active composition of Coptidis Rhizoma, which not only has an effect on the antibacterial, antiviral and anti-gastric ulcer, but also plays a vital role in reducing blood sugar, lowering blood fat, anti-tumor and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The chemical constituents of Coptidis Rhizoma and pharmacological effects of berberine were reviewed in this study, which was expected to provide references for the further research, development of and clinical application of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine.

[Progress on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ethnodrugs].

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, belonging to the "Arthromyodynia (Bi Zheng)" category in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the ethnomedicine has a unique understanding of RA, with a long-term clinical experience accumulation and significant efficacy in the treatment of RA, and it has now become one of the important means in treatment of RA. On the basis of literature research, the understanding of RA and commonly used Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Hui medicine and other herbs and preparations were reviewed in this paper, with the aim of providing a reference for its clinical treatment of RA and research and development of innovative drugs.

The Protective Effect of Puerarin on Myocardial Infarction Reperfusion Injury (MIRI): A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies in Rat Models.

BACKGROUND: Although puerarin is generally considered as a protective agent for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, the exact effect on reducing myocardial infarction reperfusion injury (MIRI) is not well understood. This study aimed to pool previous randomized controlled studies based on rat models to evaluate the effects of puerarin on MIRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relevant studies were searched among PubMed, Embase, Medline, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). To assess the therapeutic effects of protective effects of puerarin on myocardial infarction reperfusion injury, the outcome indicators which were reported in at least 3 original studies were extracted and pooled, including size of myocardial ischemia (MIS) and myocardial infarction (MIN), creatine kinase (CK), methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS: Administration of puerarin could effectively reduce the size of MIN after MIR (mean difference: -29.20, 95%CI: -44.90 to -13.51, p=0.0003). Puerarin directly led to decreased CK (mean difference: -6.89, 95%CI: -9.40 to -4.38, p=0.00001) and MDA (mean difference: -2.41, 95%CI: -3.14 to -1.68, p<0.00001) and increased serum SOD (mean difference: 63.97, 95%CI: 38.19 to 89.75, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Puerarin might have a protective effect in myocardial tissues during MIRI through increasing SOD and decreasing CK and MDA. However, more animal studies and randomized controlled clinical trials are required to confirm these results.

Clinical and urodynamic evaluation of women referred with diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We investigated the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on female lower urinary tract dysfunction. METHODS: We prospectively collected data of 1,640 consecutive diabetic women from the inpatient departments and outpatient clinics of urology, endocrinology, geriatrics, and nephrology in primary, secondary, and tertiary referral hospitals, rural healthcare stations, and nursing homes in Dujiangyan, China. Clinical histories were taken on an individualized basis depending on patient presentation. Urodynamics were performed in the enrolled female diabetic patients after excluding other causes of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Data on lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of diabetic women complained of lower urinary tract symptoms, and 88 % had positive urodynamic findings. Sixty-three percent presented with storage symptoms, 918 cases of which had detrusor overactivity, 787 impaired detrusor contractility, and 131 detrusor areflexia. Among the 918 patients with impaired detrusor contractility or detrusor areflexia, the mean first sensation of filling was 238.1 ml, with a mean maximum cystometric capacity of 624 ml, mean maximum flow rate of 9.6 ml/s, mean detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate of 32.4 cmH2O, and mean postvoid residual of 323 ml. Thirty-eight of 131 patients with detrusor areflexia had impaired renal function on blood chemistry test, and massive bilateral ureterohydronephrosis and "Christmas-tree-shaped" bladder in videourodynamic studies. On the whole, 95 % diabetic women had diabetic cystopathy. CONCLUSIONS: DM alters voiding patterns significantly, causing various lower urinary tract symptoms in a significant proportion of diabetic women. Diabetic cystopathy is a progressive condition with a spectrum of clinical symptoms and urodynamic findings. The prevalence of diabetic cystopathy is very high in Dujiangyan, China.

The effect rules of MgCl2 and NaCl on the properties of potato starch: The inflection point phenomenon.

The effects of MgCl2 and NaCl concentrations on potato starch were analysed. With an increase in MgCl2 and NaCl concentrations from 0 to 4 mol/L, the gelatinisation properties, crystalline properties, and sedimentation rate of potato starch all showed a trend of rising first and then falling (or falling first and then rising). The inflection points of the effect trends were observed at 0.5 mol/L. This inflection point phenomenon was further analysed. At higher salt concentrations, starch granules were found to absorb external ions. These ions enhance the hydration of starch molecules and promote starch gelatinisation. When NaCl and MgCl2 concentrations were increased from 0 to 4 mol/L, the starch hydration strength increased 52.09 and 65.41 times, respectively. At lower salt concentrations, the ions that naturally exist in starch granules seep out of the granules. The exudation of these ions may cause a certain degree of damage to the native structure of starch granules.

External Electric Field-Induced the Modulation of the Band Gap and Quantum Capacitance of F-Functionalized Two-Dimensional Sc2C.

The modulation of electronic properties and quantum capacitance of Sc2CF2 under a perpendicular external E-field was investigated using density functional calculations for the potential application of nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. Sc2CF2 has an indirect band gap of 0.959 eV without an E-field. Furthermore, it undergoes a semiconducting-metallic transition under a positive E-field and a semiconductor-insulator transition under a negative E-field. The application of the negative E-field makes Sc2CF2 have an indirect band gap. Sc-d, F-p, and C-p states are mainly responsible for the significant variation of the band gap. Sc2CF2 under an external E-field always keeps the character of a cathode material under the whole potential. Especially, Sc2CF2 under a negative external E-field is more suitable for the cathode material due to its much smaller |Qp|/|Qn| with much higher Qn. The charge analysis is further performed.

First-Principles Calculations of the Phonon, Elastic, and Thermoelectric Properties of a Ti2CO2 Monolayer.

The phonon, elastic, and thermoelectric properties of Ti2CO2 are investigated by first-principles calculations. The dynamic and mechanical stabilities of Ti2CO2 are confirmed. The Ti2CO2 monolayer exhibits strong acoustic-optical coupling with the lowest optical frequency of 122.83 cm-1. The TA mode originates from the contribution of Ti(XY) vibrations and has the largest gruneisen parameter at the Γ point; the LA mode has the main contribution of O(XY) and Ti(XY) vibrations and has the lowest gruneisen parameter at the M point. The analysis of the phonon spectrum indicates that the vibration contributions from C, O, and Ti atoms are mainly located in the low-, middle-, and high-energy regions, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient and electronic conductivity increase with increasing carrier concentration under room temperature. The analysis of mechanical properties shows that Ti2CO2 possesses a larger Young's modulus and bending modulus, which has a better ability to resist deformation. Thermal properties are further investigated.

miR-19b-3p/PKNOX1 Regulates Viral Myocarditis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to study the role and mechanism of miR-19b-3p in regulating myocardial inflammation and injury of viral myocarditis in viral myocarditis induced by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). A CVB3 infection mouse model was established, the survival rate of mice was recorded after different treatments, cardiac function was detected, the degree of myocardial inflammatory infiltration and injury was detected by immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses, miR-19b-3p and PKNOX1 expression in cardiac tissue and cardiac infiltrating macrophages was detected using RT-PCR, and isolated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and the differentiation of macrophages after different transfections were detected. Finally, the binding of miR-19b-3p and PKNOX1 was verified by the dual luciferase reporter gene. The results showed that the expression of miR-19b-3p was significantly downregulated in the cardiac tissue and infiltrating macrophages of CVB3-infected mice, while the expression of PKNOX1 was upregulated. Upregulation of miR-19b-3p has protective effects against CVB3-induced myocardial injury in mice, such as weight gain, prolonged survival, increased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening, reduced inflammation, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK)-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels decreased, while interferon-γ and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased, and the M2/M1 cell ratio was upregulated. In conclusion, miR-19b-3p can regulate macrophage polarization by targeting PKNOX1, and has a protective effect against CVB3-induced inflammation and myocardial injury.

Strain-Induced Band Modulation, Work Function, and QTAIM Analysis of Surface O-Functionalized Ti2C MXene.

Functionalized MXenes have wide applications in the fields of gas sensors, thermoelectric materials, and hydrogen storage. Strain-induced band engineering and the work function (WF) of Ti2CO2 MXene are investigated theoretically. The calculations reveal that Ti2CO2 MXenes are stable because of the negative E coh, and all the strains considered are within the elastic limit. For Ti2CO2 MXene, strain-induced blue shift of the Ti d state results in the transformation from a semiconductor to a metal. At about 4%, Ti2CO2 MXene transforms from an indirect band gap to a direct band gap. The decreased WF induced by the strain improves the power efficiency of Ti2CO2 MXene.

Pressure-Induced Modulation of Electronic and Optical Properties of Surface O-Functionalized Ti2C MXene.

Functionalized MXenes have gained increasing interest in the fields of thermoelectric materials, hydrogen storage, and so forth. In this work, pressure-induced band modulation and optical properties of the Ti2CO2 monolayer are investigated by using density functional theory with the hybrid (HSE06) functional. The calculation reveals that Ti2CO2 MXenes under pressure are stable because of the positive E coh. Ti2CO2 undergoes a semiconductor-to-metal phase transition at about 7 GPa. The metallization of Ti2CO2 mainly results from the Ti-d state. Research indicates that there exist strong interactions between Ti-d and C-p, and Ti-d and O-p states, which are further confirmed by the charge analysis. In addition, the absorption is enhanced in the visible region with increasing pressure. We also observed some new absorption peaks in the visible region.

Doxorubicin-loaded fluorescent carbon dots with PEI passivation as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy.

In this work, we reported a novel and effective cancer treatment strategy by fabricating carbon dot (CD)-polyethylenimine (PEI)-doxorubicin (DOX) antitumor drug complexes from a combination of PEI-passivated CDs (CD-PEI) and DOX. CD-PEI was synthesized by the one-step microwave hydrothermal carbonization of a mixture of glycerol and PEI-25k, enabling simultaneous synthesis and surface passivation of CDs. DOX was loaded onto CD-PEI by electrostatic interactions. The results show that this system not only improves selective drug release but also prolongs the drug release time and improves the killing effect on tumors. Compared with free DOX, the CD-PEI-DOX complex has a stronger killing effect on liver cancer cells (MHCC-97L and Hep3B cells) but a very low killing effect on normal liver cells (L02). Studies have also confirmed that compared with DOX alone, CD-PEI-DOX nanoparticles can effectively inhibit tumors because of the larger amount of drugs localized in tumor cells and the higher apoptosis rate of MHCC-97L cells. In vivo experiments confirmed that CD-PEI-DOX has a stronger inhibitory effect on tumor growth, indicating that CD-PEI-DOX nanomedicine has inhibitory effects on tumors.

A comparison of regorafenib and fruquintinib for metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment in the third-line and later-line setting for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has not been established. As reported, regorafenib and fruquintinib have shown to be superior to placebo in mCRC. However, no direct clinical comparison of regorafenib and fruquintinib has been conducted; we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of regorafenib and fruquintinib. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched and randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect and safety of regorafenib or fruquintinib versus placebo for patients with mCRC were included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. After that, we performed pairwise direct meta-analyses (regorafenib vs. placebo and fruquintinib vs. placebo) and indirect comparison (regorafenib vs. fruquintinib) using network meta-analyses methods. RESULTS: Three RCTs involving 1380 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In the direct meta-analysis, regorafenib and fruquintinib both showed survival benefits when compared with placebo. For the indirect comparison, fruquintinib shows no significant difference in OS compared to regorafenib (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.64-1.46). Regarding PFS, there was a tendency that fruquintinib was superior to regorafenib (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.39-1.08); however, there was no statistic difference. For the safety analysis, in indirect comparison, fruquintinib showed significant difference in all-grade toxicity compared to regorafenib (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.65-0.82), especially in subgroup of proteinuria (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.86). For the grade 3-5 toxicity, fruquintinib showed no significant difference when compared with regorafenib (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.64-1.32). CONCLUSION: Based on efficacy and safety, there was a tendency that fruquintinib was superior to regorafenib, as a whole, regorafenib and fruquintinib demonstrated similar clinical benefit for patients with refractory mCRC. It seems that fruquintinib has less toxic in all-grade toxicity when compared with regorafenib.

Genetic characteristic analysis of slight-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To analyze genetic factors and phenotype characteristics in pediatric population with slight-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Methods:Children with slight-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss of and their parents, enrolled from the Chinese Deafness Genome Project, were studied. Hearing levels were assessed using pure tone audiometry, behavioral audiometry, auditory steady state response（ASSR）, auditory brainstem response（ABR） thresholds, and deformed partial otoacoustic emission（DPOAE）. Classification of hearing loss is according to the 2022 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics（ACMG） Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hearing Loss. Whole exome sequencing（WES） and deafness gene Panel testing were performed on peripheral venous blood from probands and validations were performed on their parents by Sanger sequencing. Results:All 134 patients had childhood onset, exhibiting bilateral symmetrical slight-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss, as indicated by audiological examinations. Of the 134 patients, 29（21.6%） had a family history of hearing loss, and the rest were sporadic patients. Genetic causative genes were identified in 66（49.3%） patients. A total of 11 causative genes were detected, of which GJB2 was causative in 34 cases（51.5%）, STRC in 10 cases（15.1%）, MPZL2 gene in six cases（9.1%）, and USH2A in five cases（7.6%）.The most common gene detected in slight-to-moderate hearing loss was GJB2, with c. 109G>A homozygous mutation found in 16 cases（47.1%） and c. 109G>A compound heterozygous mutation in 9 cases（26.5%）. Conclusion:This study provides a crucial genetic theory reference for early screening and detection of mild to moderate hearing loss in children, highlighting the predominance of recessive inheritance and the significance of gene like GJB2, STRC, MPZL2, USH2A.

Effect of vacancies on the structural and electronic properties of Ti2CO2.

Ti2CO2 MXene is widely considered as a potential candidate material for sensors and optical devices. In this paper, first-principles calculations are performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of pristine and vacancy defect Ti2CO2 monolayer. The results indicate that C-vacancy is energetically more favorable than Ti-vacancy and O-vacancy because of the smaller formation energy of C vacancy. The introduction of vacancy defects results in the transition from semiconductor to metal, and improves the electronic conductivities of Ti2CO2 monolayer. The introduction of C and O vacancies causes the Ti-d state to split into several peaks in the energy range of 0 to 2 eV, while the introduction of Ti vacancy makes the Ti-d state weaker and the C-p state stronger. Furthermore, the work function can be effectively engineered by vacancy defects.