RESUMEN
This epidemiological survey aims to provide an update on the main flea species that parasitize domestic animals in the Western Andalusia assessing several ecological features that could be considered as possible risk factors for flea infestation. Over a 19-month period (June 2021 to January 2023), we obtained a total of 802 flea samples from 182 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, Carnivora: Canidae, Linnaeus, 1758) and 78 cats (Felis silvestris catus, Carnivora: Felidae, Schreber, 1775). For each parasitized host, an epidemiological survey was completed, including the following information: geographical origin, age, sex, rural or urban habitat, type of animal's lifestyle (domestic or non-domestic), health status, cohabiting or not with other animals and the total number of collected fleas. The most common species was Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (Bouché, 1835) with a total of 713 specimens, which accounted for 89% of the total fleas. The second most abundant species was Pulex irritans (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (Linnaeus, 1758) with a total of 46 collected fleas (6% of the total). The remaining species identified were Archaeopsylla erinacei (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (Bouché, 1835) (25 specimens), Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (Dale, 1878) (12 specimens) and Ctenocephalides canis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (Curtis, 1826) (6 specimens), which accounted for 3%, 1% and 1%, respectively, of the total fleas collected. The months with the highest number of collected fleas were, in ascending order, May 2022, September 2021 and July 2021. Dogs had a greater diversity of flea species, and flea sex ratios were female biased in all identified species and among all studied hosts. Finally, we identified some potential host risk factors that promoted higher flea intensities, such as living in rural areas, or presenting other pathologies.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Infestaciones por Pulgas , Estaciones del Año , Siphonaptera , Animales , Perros , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Pulgas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Pulgas/parasitología , España/epidemiología , Gatos , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Siphonaptera/fisiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the adverse events that most affects oncologic patients' quality of life. Carboplatin AUC ≥ 4 belongs to agents with high emetic risk (moderate risk in ASCO guidelines). We aimed to compare the effectiveness of netupitant/palonosetron and dexamethasone triple combination (TC) therapy versus ondansetron and dexamethasone double combination (DC) therapy as antiemetic prophylaxis in patients with carboplatin AUC ≥ 4. As a secondary endpoint, in TC group we evaluated the effectiveness of changing NEPA administration timing from 1â h to 15â min before chemotherapy. METHODS: Open-label prospective study conducted in a tertiary-care hospital in patients receiving carboplatin AUC ≥ 4. CINV was evaluated using MASCC antiemetic tool, in acute (<24â h) and delayed phase (24-120â h). Results were analyzed using χ2 test. RESULTS: Two-hundred four completed questionnaires (CQ) were analyzed (76 in DC and 128 in TC). The proportion of patients who remained emesis-free was superior for TC-treated group compared to DC, either in acute (99.2% vs 92.1%, p = 0.0115) and delayed phase (97.6% vs 90.7%, p = 0.043). Likewise, a higher proportion of TC-treated patients compared to DC remained nausea-free for the first 24â h after treatment (90.6% vs 71%, p = 0.0004) and between 24 and 120â h (82.3% vs 62.7%, p = 0.0025). The change of NEPA administration time showed similar effectiveness in terms of CINV control (81.6% vs 74.5%, p = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: TC showed superiority in early and delayed CINV control in carboplatin AUC ≥ 4 regimens, with no significant differences among cancer types. Change in NEPA administration timing has beneficial implications; it allows NEPA to be administered at hospitals before chemotherapy session.
RESUMEN
Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is an uncommon cause of portal hypertension (PHT) characterized by typical manifestations of PHT in the absence of an identifiable cause such as cirrhosis or splenoportal thrombosis (1). There are different etiological factors, including oxaliplatin (2). We present the case of a 67-year-old male with a history of locally advanced rectal cancer in 2007 treated with chemotherapy (capecitabine, folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin), radiotherapy and surgery with a definitive colostomy. He was admitted for lower gastrointestinal bleeding from the colostomy with no anemia or hemodynamic repercussion. Colonoscopy was performed and no lesions were found. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed peristomal varices with porto-systemic collaterals at that level. There was splenomegaly, no evidence of chronic liver disease and the splenoportal axis was permeable. Laboratory tests showed chronic thrombocytopenia. Laboratory results excluded other causes of liver disease, hepatic elastography showed a value of 7.2 kPa and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ruled out esophagogastric varices. The catheterisation of hepatic veins demonstrated a hepatic venous pressure gradient of 13.5 mmHg and liver biopsy revealed sinusoidal dilatation with sinusoidal and perivenular fibrosis. Because of the clinical context of the patient with a history of treatment with oxaliplatin, he was diagnosed with peristomal ectopic varices secondary to porto-sinusoidal vascular disease. Due to bleeding recurrence, it was finally decided to place a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
RESUMEN
Digital technology and literacy can heighten the transformation of teaching and learning in higher education institutions (HEIs). This study uncovers the extent to which digital technologies have been used to advance the teaching and learning process in HEIs, and the barriers and bottlenecks to why it may not have been effectively implemented across the HEIs. The study used nine selected countries in Latin America (LATAM) based on the main focus of the educators, commercial, and financial investors; to show the level of impact/implications of computer technologies on the teaching and learning processes. We applied a two-step (mixed) methodology (through a quantitative and qualitative lens) for the research investigation, using data collected from survey we administered to faculty members in HEIs across the different countries in LATAM. In turn, we implemented a Text Mining technique (sentiment and emotional valence analysis) to analyze opinions (textual data) given by the participants to help determine challenges and obstacles to using the digital technologies for teaching and learning in the region. Quantitatively, we applied a Kruskal-Wallis H-test to analyze the collected multiple choice and ranked items in the questionnaire in order to identify prominent factors that consummately influence the reach, barriers, and bottlenecks, and where the differences may lie across the different LATAM countries. The results show that the users upheld the emphasis on lack of training, infrastructures and resources, access to internet and digital platforms, as the main challenges to the teaching-learning process. The study also empirically discussed and shed light on critical factors the HEIs, particularly in LATAM, should resolve and adopt in support of the decision-making strategies, operational policies and governance, financial investments, and policymaking, at a time when "digital technologies" have become an inevitable and indispensable part of education and learning.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recently, real-world data confirmed the effectiveness of caplacizumab in the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP); however, limitations as different treatment protocols from multicenter experiences and the front-line use of rituximab could overshadow the real impact of the addition of caplacizumab. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We report the clinical characteristics and response to treatment of 30 consecutive cases of aTTP treated under a homogeneous therapeutic protocol with the only exception of the addition of caplacizumab in the last 10 cases (caplacizumab group), whose primary outcome we compare with the previous 20 cases (control group). RESULTS: Caplacizumab was started at a median of 2.5 days after diagnosis (interquartile range [IQR] 1-4) and maintained for a median of 37.5 days (IQR 32-39). Safety was in line with previous reports with 30% of patients showing mild adverse events, the most common bleeding. The caplacizumab group achieved platelet count normalization after a median of 3 (IQR 2-5) versus 4 (IQR 2-8.5) days in the control group (p = .067). The caplacizumab group required a lower median number of plasma exchanges, 10 (IQR 9-11) versus 16.5 (IQR 11-20) in the control group (p = .0053) and a shorter length of hospitalization, 12 (IQR 12-14) vs. 22 (IQR 15-27) days (p = .0025). There were no refractory cases and no deaths in the caplacizumab group compared to five refractory cases and three aTTP-related death (15%) in the control group. DISCUSSION: Our experience confirms improvement in the outcomes with a decrease in refractoriness and mortality since the introduction of caplacizumab.
Asunto(s)
Púrpura Trombocitopénica Trombótica , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único , Humanos , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Trombótica/diagnóstico , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único/uso terapéutico , Intercambio PlasmáticoRESUMEN
Stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata (Tiraboschi, 1902) is the most prevalent subspecies, within the genus Stenoponia, in the Mediterranean area. This rodent flea is widely distributed throughout southwestern Europe and the North of Africa including Mediterranean islands and the Canary Islands. Nevertheless, from a taxonomical and systematic point, this flea group has been neglected over the years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out a comparative morphometric, phylogenetic, and molecular study of two populations of S. t. tripectinata isolated from rodents collected from different islands from the Canary Archipelago and from Corsica to clarify the taxonomic status of these two isolated populations and to assess the morphological and molecular differentiation between them. For this purpose, we have analyzed several morphological traits and sequenced five molecular markers (EF1-α, ITS2, cox1, cox2, and cytb). We observed slight differences in the overall body size between females of both populations, and two well-defined geographical genetic lineages. This suggests the existence of two cryptic subspecies within S. t. tripectinata corresponding to two different island groups. Furthermore, we bring to light the necessity to provide new and updated morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic data to clarify the taxonomic status of S. tripectinata.
Asunto(s)
Siphonaptera , Femenino , Animales , Siphonaptera/anatomía & histología , Filogenia , España , Europa (Continente) , FranciaRESUMEN
Evusheld (the combination of cilgavimab and tixagevimab, two long-lasting monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2) has been approved by the FDA as a pre-exposure treatment for COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients older than 12 years. However, this monoclonal antibody has been developed from SARS-CoV-2 variants that were predominant at the beginning of the pandemic, when Ómicron was not prevalent. Compared with other solid organ transplant recipients, liver transplant recipients have shown an excellent immune response to standard vaccination with three doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In addition, this population has shown very good adherence to protective measures for the transmission of COVID-19 infection. Several studies have shown that the use of Evusheld is less effective against Ómicron than against other variants of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, in the post-hoc analysis, it appears to be a drug that increases cardiovascular risk. For these reasons, we believe that in liver transplant recipients is essential to prioritize vaccination and protective measures, rather than the use of Evusheld as pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Trasplante de Hígado , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported the existence of a Trichuris species complex parasitizing primate. Nevertheless, the genetic and evolutionary relationship between Trichuris spp. parasitizing humans and Non-Human Primates (NHP) is poorly understood. The hypothesised existence of different species of Trichuris in primates opens the possibility to evaluate these primates as reservoir hosts of human trichuriasis and other putative new species of whipworms. RESULTS: In this paper, we carried out a morphological, biometrical and molecular study of Trichuris population parasitizing Macaca sylvanus from Spain based on traditional morpho-biometrical methods, PCA analysis and ribosomal (ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1 and cob) DNA sequencing. Morphological results revealed that Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus is Trichuris trichiura. Ribosomal datasets revealed that phylogenetic relationships of populations of Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus were unresolved. The phylogeny inferred on mitochondrial datasets (partitioned and concatenated) revealed similar topologies; Thus, phylogenetic trees supported the existence of clear molecular differentiation between individuals of Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus appearing in two different subclades. CONCLUSIONS: Based on morphological parameters, biometrical measurements, and molecular sequence analysis, we conclude that the whipworms isolated from M. sylvanus were T. trichiura. Further, the evolutionary relationship showed that these worms belonged to two genotypes within the T. trichiura lineage. Since T. trichiura is of public health importance, it is important to carry out further studies to improve the understanding of its hosts range, evolution and phylogeography.
Asunto(s)
Macaca , Enfermedades de los Primates/parasitología , Trichuris/clasificación , Trichuris/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , ADN de Helmintos/genética , ADN Mitocondrial , ADN Ribosómico , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , España/epidemiología , Tricuriasis/veterinaria , Trichuris/anatomía & histología , Trichuris/genéticaRESUMEN
The family Ctenophthalmidae (Order Siphonaptera) has been considered as a 'catchall' for a wide range of divergent taxa showing a paraphyletic origin. In turn, Ctenophthalmus sp. (Ctenophthalmidae) includes 300 valid described taxa. Within this genus, males are easily distinguishable basing on the size, shape, and chaetotaxy of their genitalia; however, females show slight morphological differences with each other. The main objective of this work was to carry out a comparative morphometric, phylogenetic, and molecular study of two different subspecies: Ctenophthalmus baeticus boisseauorum and Ctenophthalmus apertus allani in order to clarify and discuss its taxonomic status. From a morphological and biometrical point of view, we found clear differences between modified abdominal segments of males of both subspecies and slight differences in the margin of sternum VII of all female specimens which did not correspond with molecular and phylogenetic results based on four different molecular markers (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 and 2 of ribosomal DNA, and the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b of mitochondrial DNA). Thus, we observed a phenotypic plasticity between both subspecies, which did not correspond with a real genotypic variability nor different environmental or ecological conditions. Basing on these results, we could consider that there are no solid arguments to consider these two 'morphosubspecies' as two different taxa. We propose that C. b. boisseauorum should be considered as a junior synonym of C. a. allani.
Asunto(s)
Siphonaptera/anatomía & histología , Siphonaptera/clasificación , Adaptación Fisiológica , Animales , ADN Mitocondrial , ADN Ribosómico , Femenino , Masculino , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Siphonaptera/genética , España , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Map3k8 (Cot/Tpl2) activates the MKK1/2-ERK1/2, MAPK pathway downstream from interleukin-1R, tumor necrosis factor-αR, NOD-2R (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like 2R), adiponectinR, and Toll-like receptors. Map3k8 plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity and influences inflammatory processes by modulating the functions of different cell types. However, its role in atherogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the role of this kinase in this pathology. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We show here that Map3k8 deficiency results in smaller numbers of Ly6ChighCD11clow and Ly6ClowCD11chigh monocytes in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Map3k8-/-ApoE-/- monocytes displayed high rates of apoptosis and reduced amounts of Nr4a1, a transcription factor known to modulate apoptosis in Ly6ClowCD11chigh monocytes. Map3k8-/-ApoE-/- splenocytes and macrophages showed irregular patterns of cytokine and chemokine expression. Map3k8 deficiency altered cell adhesion and migration in vivo and decreased CCR2 expression, a determinant chemokine receptor for monocyte mobilization, on circulating Ly6ChighCD11clow monocytes. Map3k8-/-ApoE-/- mice fed an HFD showed decreased cellular infiltration in the atherosclerotic plaque, with low lipid content. Lesions had similar size after Map3k8+/+ApoE-/- bone marrow transplant into Map3k8-/-ApoE-/- and Map3k8+/+ApoE-/- mice fed an HFD, whereas smaller plaques were observed after the transplantation of bone marrow lacking both ApoE and Map3k8. CONCLUSIONS: Map3k8 decreases apoptosis of monocytes and enhances CCR2 expression on Ly6ChighCD11clow monocytes of ApoE-/- mice fed an HFD. These findings explain the smaller aortic lesions in ApoE-/- mice with Map3k8-/-ApoE-/- bone marrow cells fed an HFD, supporting further studies of Map3k8 as an antiatherosclerotic target.
Asunto(s)
Aorta/metabolismo , Enfermedades de la Aorta/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas E/deficiencia , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/metabolismo , Monocitos/metabolismo , Placa Aterosclerótica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Animales , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Aorta/patología , Enfermedades de la Aorta/genética , Enfermedades de la Aorta/patología , Enfermedades de la Aorta/prevención & control , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Apoptosis , Aterosclerosis/genética , Aterosclerosis/patología , Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Antígeno CD11c/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/deficiencia , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/genética , Macrófagos Peritoneales/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Noqueados , Monocitos/patología , Miembro 1 del Grupo A de la Subfamilia 4 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/deficiencia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Receptores CCR2/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Bazo/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mechanistic aspects of cognitive recovery after anesthesia and surgery are not yet well characterized, but may be vital to distinguishing the contributions of anesthesia and surgery in cognitive complications common in the elderly such as delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This article describes the aims and methodological approach to the ongoing study, Trajectory of Recovery in the Elderly (TORIE), which focuses on the trajectory of cognitive recovery from general anesthesia. METHODS: The study design employs cognitive testing coupled with neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labeling to characterize cognitive recovery from anesthesia and its biological correlates. Applying these techniques to a cohort of age-specified healthy volunteers 40-80 years of age, who are exposed to general anesthesia alone, in the absence of surgery, will assess cognitive and functional neural network recovery after anesthesia. Imaging data are acquired before, during, and immediately after anesthesia, as well as 1 and 7 days after. Detailed cognitive data are captured at the same time points as well as 30 days after anesthesia, and brief cognitive assessments are repeated at 6 and 12 months after anesthesia. RESULTS: The study is underway. Our primary hypothesis is that older adults may require significantly longer to achieve cognitive recovery, measured by Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale cognitive domain, than younger adults in the immediate postanesthesia period, but all will fully recover to baseline levels within 30 days of anesthesia exposure. Imaging data will address systems neuroscience correlates of cognitive recovery from general anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The data acquired in this project will have both clinical and theoretical relevance regardless of the outcome by delineating the mechanism behind short-term recovery across the adult age lifespan, which will have major implications for our understanding of the effects of anesthetic drugs.
Asunto(s)
Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia , Anestesia General/efectos adversos , Anestésicos/efectos adversos , Retraso en el Despertar Posanestésico/epidemiología , Delirio del Despertar/epidemiología , Pruebas de Estado Mental y Demencia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anestesia General/tendencias , Anestésicos/administración & dosificación , Trastornos del Conocimiento/inducido químicamente , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Retraso en el Despertar Posanestésico/inducido químicamente , Retraso en el Despertar Posanestésico/diagnóstico , Delirio del Despertar/inducido químicamente , Delirio del Despertar/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The methods to obtain chitooligosaccharides are tightly related to the physicochemical properties of the end products. Knowledge of these physicochemical characteristics is crucial to describing the biological functions of chitooligosaccharides. Chitooligosaccharides were prepared either in a single-step enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanase, or in a two-step chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed products obtained in the single-step preparation were composed mainly of 42% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 54% monoacetylated oligomers, and they attenuated the inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice and in RAW264.7 macrophages. However, chitooligosaccharides from the two-step preparation were composed of 50% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 27% monoacetylated oligomers and, conversely, they promoted the inflammatory response in both in vivo and in vitro models. Similar proportions of monoacetylated and deacetylated oligomers is necessary for the mixtures of chitooligosaccharides to achieve anti-inflammatory effects, and it directly depends on the preparation method to which chitosan was submitted.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Quitina/análogos & derivados , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Quitina/biosíntesis , Quitina/química , Quitina/farmacología , Quitina/uso terapéutico , Quitosano , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Inflamación/inmunología , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Oligosacáridos , Células RAW 264.7 , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Curanderismo is a system of traditional folk practices and beliefs that address health and healing in the Hispanic community. Curanderismo serves a function in the daily lives of Hispanics worldwide, providing them access to culturally appropriate healthcare, and agency over their own, and their family's health. Cultural competency in the area of curanderismo is invaluable, as curanderismo is a folk resource that if acknowledged and embraced by nurses and healthcare practitioners can aid in healthcare delivery and increased healthcare utilization among Hispanic populations.
Asunto(s)
Hispánicos o Latinos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Competencia Cultural , Cultura , Enfermedad/etnología , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional/psicología , Curación Mental/psicología , Salud Mental/etnología , Religión y Medicina , EspiritualidadRESUMEN
During the Ebola virus outbreak of 2013-2016, the Viral Special Pathogens Branch field laboratory in Sierra Leone tested approximately 26 000 specimens between August 2014 and October 2015. Analysis of the B2M endogenous control Ct values showed its utility in monitoring specimen quality, comparing results with different specimen types, and interpretation of results. For live patients, blood is the most sensitive specimen type and oral swabs have little diagnostic utility. However, swabs are highly sensitive for diagnostic testing of corpses.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Ebolavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/diagnóstico , ARN Viral/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Servicios de Laboratorio Clínico , Ebolavirus/genética , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/epidemiología , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/virología , Humanos , Laboratorios , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Sierra Leona/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
To determine whether 2 readily available indicators predicted survival among patients with Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone, we evaluated information for 216 of the 227 patients in Bo District during a 4-month period. The indicators were time from symptom onset to healthcare facility admission and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR cycle threshold (Ct), a surrogate for viral load, in first Ebola virus-positive blood sample tested. Of these patients, 151 were alive when detected and had reported healthcare facility admission dates and Ct values available. Time from symptom onset to healthcare facility admission was not associated with survival, but viral load in the first Ebola virus-positive blood sample was inversely associated with survival: 52 (87%) of 60 patients with a Ct of >24 survived and 20 (22%) of 91 with a Ct of <24 survived. Ct values may be useful for clinicians making treatment decisions or managing patient or family expectations.
Asunto(s)
Ebolavirus , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/mortalidad , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/epidemiología , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad , Vigilancia de la Población , Pronóstico , Sierra Leona/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In August 2014, the Viral Special Pathogens Branch of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established a field laboratory in Sierra Leone in response to the ongoing Ebola virus outbreak. Through March 2015, this laboratory tested >12 000 specimens from throughout Sierra Leone. We describe the organization and procedures of the laboratory located in Bo, Sierra Leone.
Asunto(s)
Ebolavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/diagnóstico , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/virología , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Brotes de Enfermedades , Epidemias , Humanos , Laboratorios , Sierra Leona/epidemiología , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula is an uncommon type of tracheo-oesophageal malformation. Acute gastric volvulus is another infrequent pathology in children. They rarely present together.We report the case of a toddler with acute gastric volvulus possibly secondary to an undiagnosed H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula. The fistula was suspected due to persistent gastric distention observed during volvulus detorsion. This kind of tracheo-oesophageal fistula often presents with subtle symptoms making early diagnosis difficult.Acute gastric volvulus is a life-threatening condition. Gastric distension caused by the passage of air into the stomach through the fistula could be a triggering factor for gastric volvulus.
Asunto(s)
Vólvulo Gástrico , Fístula Traqueoesofágica , Humanos , Vólvulo Gástrico/complicaciones , Vólvulo Gástrico/cirugía , Vólvulo Gástrico/diagnóstico , Vólvulo Gástrico/diagnóstico por imagen , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/diagnóstico , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/cirugía , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/complicaciones , Enfermedad Aguda , Masculino , LactanteRESUMEN
Fleas (Siphonaptera) are ectoparasitic hematophagous insects responsible for causing bites and itchy skin conditions in both humans and animals. Furthermore, they can act as vectors of different pathogens of a wide variety of diseases worldwide, including bartonellosis, rickettsiosis, and bubonic plague. Accurate identification of fleas is necessary for the study of their epidemiology, prevention, and control. In addition to traditional morphological classification approaches and molecular biology techniques, geometric morphometrics is increasingly proving to be a useful complementary tool for discriminating between Siphonaptera taxa. With the objective of determining the capacity of this technique to identify and differentiate synanthropic fleas, a principal component analysis was carried out on populations of Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, and Archaeopsylla erinacei collected in distinct regions of Andalusia (Spain). The analysis carried out on 81 male and female specimens revealed factorial maps that allowed the differentiation of the populations under study, with only partial overlaps that did not prevent their correct identification. Global size differences were also detected, with a slightly larger size in P. irritans males and a bigger size in A. erinacei females. Therefore, the present study emphasizes the role of geometric morphometrics as a useful complementary technique in taxonomic studies of arthropods, especially in the case of flea specimens lacking representative morphological features.